Effect of water supply on leaf area development, stomatal activity, transpiration, and dry matter production and distribution in young olive trees

Two-year-old olive trees cv. Cornicabra, trained in a central leader form for hedgerow planting, were grown outdoors in 45-L weighing lysimeters to evaluate the effect of water supply on growth and development. Four treatments were established and maintained for 155 days during spring–autumn. Treatment T100 was irrigated to maintain the potting medium close to water-holding capacity by progressive replenishment of consumption that was measured at weekly intervals by weighing and recording drainage. Treatments T80, T60, and T40 received 80, 60, and 40%, respectively, of the water applied to T100. For these treatments, transpiration and leaf area were measured every fortnight. Dry matter in roots, stems, and leaves was measured at the beginning and end of the experiment. Leaf conductance was measured at 09:00 and 12:00 solar time every fortnight and at c. 2-hourly intervals throughout one day each month. Over the experimental period, T100 produced 0.42±0.01m2 leaf area, 319.6±60.4 g dry biomass, and transpired 77.5±1.1 L water. Water stress significantly reduced leaf area development and dry matter production (P<0.05) in T60 and T40, but not in T80. There was no effect on dry matter partitioning to the various organs of the trees or the roots/aerial part ratio. Leaf conductance was more sensitive to water stress than vegetative growth, with significant differences (P<0.05) established among treatments 3 weeks before differences were observed in transpiration. In autumn, transpiration and leaf conductance increased in all treatments independently of soil water status. Over the experiment, transpiration efficiency (TE, g/L) increased with reducedwater supply, with a significant difference (P<0.10) between T100 and both T60 and T40. The study has established that maximum growth of young olive plants can be achieved, without effect on the distribution of biomass between organs, at water supply less than that required to support maximum transpiration

Truncation symmetry type graphs

There are operations that transform a map M (an embedding of a graph on a surface) into another map in the same surface, modifying its structure and consequently its set of flags F(M). For instance, by truncating all the vertices of a map M, each flag in F(M) is divided into three flags of the truncated map. Orbanic, Pellicer and Weiss studied the truncation of k-orbit maps for k < 4. They introduced the notion of T-compatible maps in order to give a necessary condition for a truncation of a k-orbit map to be either k-, 3k/2- or 3k-orbit map. Using a similar notion, by introducing an appropriate partition on the set of flags of the maps, we extend the results on truncation of k-orbit maps for k < 8 and k=9

Urban sign. The polis furnished

Just as the linguistic sign, defined by Saussure, is like a double-sided coin: significant + meaning, so the city can be defined by this dichotomy, that is, on the one hand is composed of matter and, second, to function or content. We travel the city as the baudelairean flâneur as untimely affiliates walkers to the Situationist International, and so we wear away the tread on the asphalt. Politics, associations and media are responsible for our public space is constantly bombarded by private interests with the consequent impact on the development of citizen relations in semi-privatized public space. The Art brings significant strategies of non-urban places and does so through the Public Art as artistic intervention appropriation of public space by the affirmation of ordinary citizens living there, i.e. by an art to the city and citizenship. Exploring the current state of the contemporary city gives us the framework to review part of urban artistic poetics emerged in recent decades.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Commitment in University Students: Generator of Successful Professionals

The University has historically been regarded as the harbinger of values, human rights, and other noble pursuits. It is within this atmosphere that personal development, mutual respect, and collaboration are expected to flourish through commitment to work and study. Yet in order for meaningful and sustainable social, economic, and political changes to take root, the author opines that certain adjustments to the overall social fabric are occasionally required and can only be achieved through unyielding commitment — an essential value transmitted from person to person through both individual and collective reflection

Places to Develop Democracy: Relevance of Relph's Concept of Place for the History of Education

Presentación conferenciaThis paper, based on the research developed in the Erasmus+ project Reimagining Creative Democracy (2018-1-SE01-KA203-039115), provides a synthesis of Relph’s concept of place giving examples of its use in the study of past and present educational spaces. The reappraisal of Relph’s concept might help address new perspectives from which spaces and places of education may be seen differently. Spaces are relevant to the History of Education and Relph’s essay is important for us because it represents the phenomenological approach to the study of place and space from at least two perspectives: 1. The distinction between place and space; 2. The delimitation, when writing about educational spaces, of the emotional attachment to or detachment from a specific learning place (inside or outside the school buildings).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

On the Geometry of Sculpting-like Gauging Processes

Recently, a new gauging procedure called Sculpting mechanism was proposed to obtain the M-theory origin of type II gauged Supergravity theories in 9D. We study this procedurein detail and give a better understanding of the different deformations and changes in fiber bundles, that are able to generate new relevant physical gauge symmetries in the theory. We discuss the geometry involved in the standard approach (Noether-like) and in the new Scultping-like one and comment on possible new applications.Comment: 9 pages, latex, Notation and typos reviewed, more clear explanations, results unchange

Grotesque and Scenography. Virtual reconstruction of anthropomorphic supports within the entry of Philip II in Antwerp (1549)

This paper aims to analyse the presence of a motif from the Flemish repertoire of the grotesque in the configuration of a unique type of anthropomorphic support used in the ephemeral architecture erected on Philip II of Spain’s entry into Antwerp in 1549. The support consists of a figure that, resembling an atlante or a caryatid, supports a cornice, but whose peculiarity is that the body is partially embedded in the surface of the façade, fulfilling a more decorative function than strictly tectonic. The development of this analysis is based on the concept of visual culture, but this approach also constitutes an attempt for developing a virtual reconstruction of this particular motif in its artistic context.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional andalucía Tech