Characterization of sills associated with the U reflection on the Newfoundland margin : evidence for widespread early post-rift magmatism on a magma-poor rifted margin

Author Posting. © The Authors, 2010. This article is posted here by permission of John Wiley & Sons for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Journal International 182 (2010): 113-136, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04635.x.Drilling during ODP Leg 210 penetrated two post-rift sills (dated as ∼105.3 and ∼97.8 Ma) in the deep sediments overlying basement of the continent–ocean transition zone on the magma-poor Newfoundland margin. The sill emplacement post-dated the onset of seafloor spreading by at least 7–15 Myr. The shallower of the two sills coincides with the high-amplitude U reflection observed throughout the deep Newfoundland Basin, and strong reflectivity in the sub-U sequence suggests that a number of other sills are present there. In this paper, we use multichannel seismic reflection data and synthetic seismograms to investigate the nature, magnitude and extent of this post-rift magmatism in the deep basin. Features observed in seismic profiles that we attribute to sill injection include high-amplitude reflections with geometries characteristic of intrusions such as step-like aspect; abrupt endings, disruptions and junctions of reflections; finger-like forms; differential compaction around possible loci of magma injection and disruption of overlying sediments by apparent fluid venting. Interpreted sills occur only over transitional basement that probably consists of a mixture of serpentinized peridotite and highly thinned continental crust, and they cover an area of ∼80 000 km2. From analysis of synthetic seismograms, we estimate that sill intrusions may comprise ∼26 per cent of the sub-U high-reflectivity sequence, which yields a crude estimate of ∼5800 km3 for the total volume of sills emplaced by post-rift magmatism. This is significant for a margin usually described as 'non-volcanic'. We discuss competing hypotheses about the source of the magmatism, which is still uncertain.G. Peron-Pinvidic's post-doctoral research at the University of Strasbourg and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution was supported by TOTAL. B. Tucholke's research was supported by NSF grant OCE0647035. Multichannel seismic field programs that provided much of the data used for this research were supported by NSF grants OCE839085, OCE830823 and OCE9819053

Artemisinin-naphthoquine combination (ARCO™) therapy for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in adults of Papua New Guinea: A preliminary report on safety and efficacy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The use of anti-malarial drug combinations with artemisinin or with one of its derivatives is now widely recommended to overcome drug resistance in falciparum as well as vivax malaria. The fixed oral dose artemisinin-naphthoquine combination (ANQ, ARCO™) is a newer artemisinin-based combination (ACT) therapy undergoing clinical assessment. A study was undertaken to assess the safety, efficacy and tolerability of ANQ combination in areas of multi-drug resistance to generate preliminary baseline data in adult population of Papua New Guinea.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The clinical assessment was an open-labeled, two-arm, randomized study comparing ANQ combination as a single dose regimen and three days regimen (10 mg/kg/day) of chloroquine plus single dose sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (CQ+SP) for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria with 28 days follow-up in an adult population. The primary outcome measures for efficacy were day 1, 2, 3 7, 14 and 28-day cure rates. Secondary outcomes included parasite clearance time, fever clearance time, and gametocyte carriage. The main outcome measures for safety were incidences of post-treatment clinical and laboratory adverse events.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Between June 2005 and July 2006, 130 patients with confirmed uncomplicated <it>P. falciparum </it>were randomly assigned to receive ANQ and CQ+SP, only 100 patients (51 in ANQ group and 49 in CQ+SP group) were evaluated for clinical and parasitological outcomes. All the patients treated with ANQ and CQ+SP showed adequate clinical and parasitological response with 28 days follow-up. The cure rate for ANQ on day 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 28 was 47%, 86%, 92%, 94%, 94% and 94%, respectively. Recrudescence account for 6%; all were cleared on day 21. For CQ+SP treated group the cure rates were 24%, 67%, 82%, 82%, 84% and 88%, respectively. Recrudescence accounted for 10%; all were cleared on day 28 except for one patient. Both regimens were well tolerated with no serious adverse events. The proportion of gametocyte carriers was higher in CQ+SP treated group than ANQ treatment (41% versus 12%; p < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>While these data are not themselves sufficient, it strongly suggests that the ANQ combination as a single dose administration is safe and effective for the treatment of uncomplicated <it>P. falciparum </it>malaria in the adult population of Papua New Guinea and deserves further clinical evaluation.</p

Caracterização clínica e imaginológica de lesões perirradiculares de origem endodôntica

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Bruno Cavalini CavenagoCoorientadora: Profa. Dra. Carolina Carvalho de Oliveira SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia. Defesa : Curitiba, 22/03/2021Inclui referênciasResumo: A periodontite apical consiste na alteração inflamatória dos tecidos periapicais causada por agentes etiológicos de origem endodôntica, sendo o granuloma e o cisto periapical exemplos de lesões inflamatórias crônicas mais comuns. O diagnóstico clínico da doença periapical inflamatória é baseado principalmente em sinais clínicos e/ou sintomas, duração da doença, testes pulpares, percussão, palpação e achados radiográficos. No entanto, o diagnóstico clínico nem sempre corresponde à análise histopatológica, que é o método mais confiável para diagnóstico destas lesões. As lesões perirradiculares são capazes de desencadear estímulos dolorosos ou alterações emocionais que interferem diretamente e de forma negativa nas atividades diárias das pessoas. Além disso, estudos indicam haver uma relação entre infecção periapical endodôntica e doenças sistêmicas primárias. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar as características clínicas, histopatológicas e radiográficas dos granulomas e cistos periapicais, assim como mensurar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes portadores de tais lesões utilizando como ferramenta o OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile - OHIP), questionário com 14 perguntas aplicado a todos os pacientes. Foram coletados dados da história pregressa e atual e os exames clínico e radiográfico de 35 indivíduos, que foram submetidos extração de dentes com suspeita de lesão periapical de origem inflamatória. A confirmação do diagnóstico foi feita por um exame histológico. Os dados clínicos, radiográficos, histológicos e a qualidade de vida foram analisados e relacionados com os testes estatísticos qui-quadrado (para dados variáveis categóricas) e Mann-Whitney (variáveis numéricas), considerando 5% (p < 0,05) como nível de significância. Como resultado, 51% das lesões foram diagnosticadas histologicamente como granulomas e 49% cistos periapicais. Ambas as entidades foram mais comuns em pacientes na quarta década de vida (média 45,6 anos), com uma ligeira prevalência do sexo masculino (60%), sendo a região posterior o local de maior incidência dessas lesões (61,1% dos granulomas e 76,5% dos cistos periapicais). Quando comparados a história pregressa e sinais e sintomas atuais com o diagnóstico e o impacto de vida, não se observou diferença estatisticamente significativa. Todos os sinais e sintomas, tanto na história pregressa como atual, apresentam características de cronicidade de evolução. Houve uma diferença estatisticamente significante nas medidas radiográficas de área (P=0,002), comprimento horizontal (P=0,015) e comprimento vertical (P=0,008) do cisto periapical quando comparado ao granuloma. Em relação aos escores e dimensões do OHIP-14, acometimento de dentes posteriores foi estatisticamente significante quando associado à ausência de impacto na qualidade vida (P < 0.05). Tendo em vista as limitações da pesquisa e baseado nos resultados obtidos, é possível concluir que não há relação entre a presença de sinais e sintomas atuais e pregressos e o diagnóstico histopatológico ou impacto na qualidade de vida. O cisto periapical é radiologicamente maior em comparação com o granuloma. E a ausência de impacto na qualidade de vida é associada com o acometimento das lesões em dentes posteriores.Abstract: Apical periodontitis consists of periapical tissue alteration caused by etiologic agents of endodontic origin. Granuloma and periapical cyst are examples of chronic inflammatory lesions and are considered the most common entities. The clinical diagnosis of an inflammatory periapical disease is mainly based on clinical signs and/or symptoms, duration of the disease, pulp tests, percussion test, palpation, and radiographic findings. However, clinical diagnosis isolated may not be conclusive, and the histopathological examination is the most reliable method for diagnosing these lesions. Oral changes may compromise the individual's general health, impacting negatively his quality of life. Periradicular lesions are capable of triggering painful stimuli or emotional changes that directly interfere with people's daily activities. Also, studies indicate that there is a relationship between periapical endodontic infection and primary systemic diseases. Thus, this study aimed to correlate the clinical, histopathological, and radiographic characteristics of granulomas and periapical cysts, as well as to measure the quality of life of patients with such injuries using the OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile). Therefore, data from past, current history, clinical and radiographic examinations were collected from 35 individuals, who underwent extraction of a tooth with a suspected inflammatory periapical lesion. A quality of life questionnaire with 14 questions (OHIP 14) was carried out with each patient. The diagnosis was confirmed by a histological examination. Clinical, radiographic, histological, and quality of life data were analyzed and related with statistical Chi-Square tests (for categorical variable data) and Mann-Whitney (numerical variables). As a result, 51% of the lesions were diagnosed histologically as granulomas and 49% periapical cysts. Both entities were more common in patients in the fourth decade of life (average 45.6 years), with a slight prevalence in males (60%), with the posterior region being the place with the highest incidence of these injuries (61.1% of granulomas and 76.5% of periapical cysts). When comparing history and current signs and symptoms with diagnosis and life impact, there was no statistically significant difference. There was a statistically significant difference in radiographic measurements of area (p = 0.002), horizontal length (p = 0.015) and vertical length (p = 0.008) of the periapical cyst when compared to granuloma. Regarding OHIP-14 scores and dimensions, the involvement of posterior teeth was statistically significant when associated with the absence of an impact on the quality of life (0.0015). Based on the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that there is correlation between the presence of current and past signs and symptoms and histopathological diagnosis or impact on the quality of life. The periapical cyst is radiologically larger compared to granuloma. And the lack of impact on the quality of life is associated with the involvement of lesions in posterior teeth

Synthesis and anodic electrochemistry of cymanquine and related complexes

Three compounds have been prepared in which a 4-aminochloroquinoline moiety is covalently linked to a cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl moiety. One of these ("cymanquine", 4) is the analogue of the potent antimalarial drug ferroquine in which an FeCp group has been replaced by a Mn(CO)3 group. The anodic electrochemistry of the new compounds was investigated in dichloromethane, using NBu4B(C6F5)4 as the supporting electrolyte. Compared to ferroquine, oxidations of the new compounds occur at considerably more positive potentials and are highly irreversible, being located at their amine groups rather than at the organometallic center

Modular and flexible spectral-element waveformmodelling in two and three dimensions

In this paper, we present a series of mathematical abstractions for seismologically relevant wave equations discretized using finite-element methods, and demonstrate how these abstractions can be implemented efficiently in computer code. Our motivation is to mitigate the combinatorial complexity present when considering geophysical waveform modelling and inversion, where a variety of spatial discretizations, material models, and boundary conditions must be considered simultaneously. We accomplish this goal by first considering three distinct classes of abstract mathematical models: (1) those representing the physics of an underlying wave equation, (2) those describing the discretization of the chosen equation onto a finite-dimensional basis and (3) those describing any spatial transforms. A full representation of the discrete wave equation can then be constructed using a hierarchical nesting of models from each class. Additionally, each class is functionally orthogonal to the others, and with certain restrictions models within one class can be interchanged independently from changes in another. We then show how this recasting of the relevant equations can be implemented concisely in computer software using an abstract object-oriented design, and discuss how recent developments in the numerical and computational sciences can be naturally incorporated. This builds to a set of results where we demonstrate how the developments presented can lead to an implementation capable of multiphysics waveform simulations in completely unstructured domains, on both hypercubical and simplical spectral-element meshes, in both two and three dimensions, while remaining concise, efficient and maintainable.ISSN:0956-540XISSN:1365-246