Soil organisms in organic and conventional cropping systems.

Apesar do crescente interesse pela agricultura orgânica, são poucas as informações de pesquisa disponíveis sobre o assunto. Assim, num Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico foram comparados os efeitos de sistemas de cultivo orgânico e convencional, para as culturas do tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum) e do milho (Zea mays), sobre a comunidade de organismos do solo e suas atividades. As populações de fungos,bactérias e actinomicetos, determinadas pela contagem de colônias em meio de cultura, foram semelhantes para os dois sistemas de produção. A atividade microbiana, avaliada pela evolução de CO2, manteve-se superior no sistema orgânico, sendo que em determinadas avaliações foi o dobro da evolução verificada no sistema convencional. O número de espécimes de minhoca foi praticamente dez vezes maior no sistema orgânico. Não foi observada diferença na taxa de decomposição de matéria orgânica entre os dois sistemas. De modo geral, o número de indivíduos de microartrópodos foi superior no sistema orgânico do que no sistema convencional, refletindo no maior índice de diversidade de Shannon. As maiores populações de insetos foram as da ordem Collembola, enquanto para os ácaros a maior população foi a da superfamília Oribatuloidea. Indivíduos dos grupos Aranae, Chilopoda, Dyplopoda, Pauropoda, Protura e Symphyla foram ocasionalmente coletados e de forma similar entre os sistemas

Predictors of Early Death and Survival Among Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in California, 1988-2011: A Population-Based Study

Abstract Background A better understanding of factors associated with early death and survival may guide future health policy aimed at improving outcomes among children, adolescents and young adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods We examined trends in early death and survival among 3,935 patients aged 0-39 years diagnosed with de novo AML in California during 1988-2011. We estimated overall survival and applied logistic and Cox regression to evaluate the association between sociodemographic and selected clinical factors with early death and survival. Results There was a trend towards decline in early death from 9.7% in 1988-1995 to 7.1% in 2004-2011 (P=0.062). Survival improved substantially over time, but 5-year survival was still only 50% (95% CI 47%-53%) even in the most recent calendar period. Overall, the main factors associated with poor outcomes were older age at diagnosis, treatment at hospitals not affiliated with National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer centers, and black race/ethnicity. For patients diagnosed during 1996-2011, survival was lower for patients without health insurance and those who did not receive a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The association between survival and sociodemographic and clinical factors were stronger among patients aged 30-39 years. Conclusions Mortality after AML remained strikingly high and increased with age. To improve outcomes, strategies may include wider insurance coverage, treatment at hospitals affiliated with NCI-designated cancer centers and access to HSCT for high-risk patients. Collaborative clinical trials aimed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of novel agents for each subtype of disease are warranted. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare

Predictors of early death and survival among children, adolescents and young adults with acute myeloid leukaemia in California, 1988-2011: a population-based study.

A better understanding of factors associated with early death and survival among children, adolescents and young adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) may guide health policy aimed at improving outcomes in these patients. We examined trends in early death and survival among 3935 patients aged 0-39 years with de novo AML in California during 1988-2011 and investigated the associations between sociodemographic and selected clinical factors and outcomes. Early death declined from 9·7% in 1988-1995 to 7·1% in 2004-2011 (P = 0·062), and survival improved substantially over time. However, 5-year survival was still only 50% (95% confidence interval 47-53%) even in the most recent treatment period (2004-2011). Overall, the main factors associated with poor outcomes were older age at diagnosis, treatment at hospitals not affiliated with National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centres, and black race/ethnicity. For patients diagnosed during 1996-2011, survival was lower among those who lacked health insurance compared to those with public or private insurance. We conclude that mortality after AML remained strikingly high in California and increased with age. Possible strategies to improve outcomes include wider insurance coverage and treatment at specialized cancer centres

Predictors of early death and survival among children, adolescents and young adults with acute myeloid leukaemia in California, 1988-2011: a population-based study.

A better understanding of factors associated with early death and survival among children, adolescents and young adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) may guide health policy aimed at improving outcomes in these patients. We examined trends in early death and survival among 3935 patients aged 0-39 years with de novo AML in California during 1988-2011 and investigated the associations between sociodemographic and selected clinical factors and outcomes. Early death declined from 9·7% in 1988-1995 to 7·1% in 2004-2011 (P = 0·062), and survival improved substantially over time. However, 5-year survival was still only 50% (95% confidence interval 47-53%) even in the most recent treatment period (2004-2011). Overall, the main factors associated with poor outcomes were older age at diagnosis, treatment at hospitals not affiliated with National Cancer Institute-designated cancer centres, and black race/ethnicity. For patients diagnosed during 1996-2011, survival was lower among those who lacked health insurance compared to those with public or private insurance. We conclude that mortality after AML remained strikingly high in California and increased with age. Possible strategies to improve outcomes include wider insurance coverage and treatment at specialized cancer centres

Predictors of Early Death and Survival Among Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in California, 1988-2011: A Population-Based Study

Abstract Background A better understanding of factors associated with early death and survival may guide future health policy aimed at improving outcomes among children, adolescents and young adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods We examined trends in early death and survival among 3,935 patients aged 0-39 years diagnosed with de novo AML in California during 1988-2011. We estimated overall survival and applied logistic and Cox regression to evaluate the association between sociodemographic and selected clinical factors with early death and survival. Results There was a trend towards decline in early death from 9.7% in 1988-1995 to 7.1% in 2004-2011 (P=0.062). Survival improved substantially over time, but 5-year survival was still only 50% (95% CI 47%-53%) even in the most recent calendar period. Overall, the main factors associated with poor outcomes were older age at diagnosis, treatment at hospitals not affiliated with National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer centers, and black race/ethnicity. For patients diagnosed during 1996-2011, survival was lower for patients without health insurance and those who did not receive a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The association between survival and sociodemographic and clinical factors were stronger among patients aged 30-39 years. Conclusions Mortality after AML remained strikingly high and increased with age. To improve outcomes, strategies may include wider insurance coverage, treatment at hospitals affiliated with NCI-designated cancer centers and access to HSCT for high-risk patients. Collaborative clinical trials aimed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of novel agents for each subtype of disease are warranted. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare