Patrones oceánicos y atmosféricos durante períodos de puesta previos a capturas extremas de la sardina brasilera (Sardinella brasiliensis) en el océano Atlántico sudoeste

Relative maxima and minima of landings of Brazilian sardine captured in the Southeast Brazil Bight (SBB) were compared with oceanic and atmospheric composites relative to the spawning period in December and January, prior to these landings. Atmospheric and oceanic variables such as wind stress, Ekman transport, mixing index, sea surface temperature (SST), precipitation, outgoing long wave radiation and geopotential height were analyzed, revealing distinct climatological patterns in the SBB for these extreme catches that have not been described before. The system could be characterized by cooler SST composite anomaly (SSTA) along the SBB as a response to increased cloud cover and reduced incidence of short-wave radiation, predominating one year before the Brazilian sardine catch maxima. This system can take on a different configuration in which positive SSTA condition in the SBB is associated with a less intense South Atlantic Convergence Zone displaced southwards one year before the period of minimum catch. Our results indicate that the spatial structure of the spawning habitat is influenced by specific ocean-atmosphere interactions rather than simply resulting from the choice of a stable environment. This climatic constraint strongly affects the interannual variability of the Brazilian sardine production.Los desembarcos máximos y mínimos de capturas de la sardina brasileña en la Plataforma Sudeste Brasilera (SBB) se compararon con los patrones climáticos oceánicos y atmosféricos durante períodos de puesta, en diciembre y enero. Se analizó el comportamiento climático de variables oceanicas y atmosféricas como la influencia del viento, el transporte de Ekman, el índice de mezcla, la temperatura superficial del mar (SST), las precipitaciones, la radiación ascendente de ondas largas (OLR) y la altura geopotencial. Este análisis permitió la identificación de patrones climatológicos característicos sobre la SBB, no observados en trabajos previos. Los análisis revelaron que el sistema se caracteriza por SSTA más fríos sobre la sardina como respuesta a un incremento de la nebulosidad y la reducción de la incidencia de las radiaciones de onda corta, que predominan un año antes de las máximas capturas de sardina. Este sistema puede asumir una configuración distinta en la que SSTA positivos sobre la SBB se asocian con una SACZ desplazada hacia el sur un año antes del periodo de capturas mínimas. Nuestros resultados indican que la estructura espacial del hábitat de puesta es una consecuencia de las interacciones específicas océano-atmósfera, más que de una elección de ambiente estable y que ello influencia fuertemente la variabilidad interanual en la producción de sardina brasileña

Primjena mikrokapsula antocijanina, izoliranih iz ploda palme Euterpe edulis Mart., u proizvodnji hrane, te ispitivanje njihove stabilnosti pomoću toplinsko-analitičkih metoda i fotoakustične spektroskopije

Anthocyanins extracted from the pulp of the fruit of juçara palm (Euterpe edulis Mart.) were microencapsulated with maltodextrin in order to stabilise them. Photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to investigate the photostability of the microencapsulated samples. Complementary differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy measurements were also performed. Lyophilised extract had 14 340.2 mg/L of total anthocyanins, and the microencapsulation effi ciency of 93.6 %. Temperature analysis showed that maltodextrin conferred protection up to 70 °C for 120 min. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the microencapsulated particles had a flake-like morphology with a smooth surface, characteristic of lyophilisation processes. In addition, when added to yogurt, a red colourant was predominant in the samples at pH from 1.5 up to 5.0. Thermal analysis showed a weak interaction between the sample and the encapsulating agent, and photoacoustic data indicated the photostability of the matrix when exposed to light. Yogurts containing microencapsulated anthocyanins showed a more intense pink colour than yogurts treated with pure dye, and sensory analysis demonstrated that they can have good acceptance on the market. Microencapsulation enabled the innovative application of anthocyanins from juçara palm fruit, and complementary techniques allied to the photoacoustic spectroscopy were effective tools for its evaluation.Antocijanini izolirani iz pulpe ploda palme Euterpe edulis Mart. enkapsulirani su maltodekstrinom radi povećanja njihove stabilnosti. Stabilnost mikrokapsula na svjetlu ispitana je pomoću fotoakustične spektroskopije. Osim toga, kapsule su dodatno ispitane diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom i pretražnom elektronskom mikroskopijom. Liofilizirani je ekstrakt sadržavao 14 340.2 mg/L ukupnih antocijanina, a učinkovitost postupka mikroenkapsulacije bila je 93,6 %. Toplinska je analiza potvrdila da maltodekstrin sprečava razgradnju antocijanina na temperaturi do 70 ºC tijekom 120 min. Pretražna je elektronska mikroskopija pokazala da su mikrokapsule imale pahuljastu strukturu i glatku površinu, što je tipično za postupak liofilizacije. Osim toga, uzorci su jogurta kojima su dodane kapsule antocijanina pri pH-vrijednosti od 1,5 do 5,0 imali pretežno crvenu boju. Toplinskom je analizom utvrđeno da je došlo do slabog povezivanja uzorka s maltodekstrinom, a zatim je fotoakustičnom analizom ispitana stabilnost kapsula nakon izlaganja svjetlu. Jogurti s mikrokapsulama antocijanina imali su intenzivniju ružičastu boju od onih koji su sadržavali čisto bojilo, a senzorska je analiza pokazala da su takvi proizvodi prihvatljivi na tržištu. Mikroenkapsulacija omogućuje novi način primjene antocijanina iz ploda palme Euterpe edulis Mart., a za njihovu je procjenu moguće upotrijebiti fotoakustičnu spektroskopiju u kombinaciji s drugim metodama

Potential changes in the connectivity of marine protected areas driven by extreme ocean warming

Projected future climate scenarios anticipate a warmer tropical ocean and changes in surface currents that will likely influence the survival of marine organisms and the connectivity of marine protected areas (MPAs) networks. We simulated the regional effects of climate change on the demographic connectivity of parrotfishes in nine MPAs in the South Atlantic through downscaling of the HadGEM2-ES Earth System Model running the RCP 8.5 greenhouse gas trajectory. Results indicate a tropicalization scenario over the tropical southwest Atlantic following an increase of sea surface temperature (SST) between 1.8 and 4.5 °C and changes in mean surface currents between − 0.6 to 0.5 m s−1 relative to present conditions. High mortality rates will reduce demographic connectivity and increase the isolation of oceanic islands. The simulation of organismal response to ocean warming shows that acclimation can significantly improve (p < 0.001) particle survival, promoting connectivity and tropicalization of MPAs, with potential impacts on their functional integrity and long-term resilience.publishedVersio

Proportion among the segments of the normal tricuspid valve annulus: parameter for valve annuloplasty

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the proportions among the segments of the human tricuspid valve annulus. METHODS: A descriptive autopsy study was made of 30 human hearts without fixation, within six hours of death, without congenital or acquired lesions and without tricuspid regurgitation. Tricuspid valve insufficiency was excluded by the infusion of pressurized water in the right ventricle with the pulmonary valve closed. Digital images of the tricuspid ring in its anatomical position and after flattening were analyzed by specific software. The mean measurements and ratios were compared in the two different situations. RESULTS: The mean measurements of the perimeter, septal and antero-posterior segments of the tricuspid ring in the anatomical position were: 105mm (&plusmn;12.7), 30.6mm (&plusmn;3.7) and 74mm (&plusmn;9.4), respectively. When flattened, the mean measurement of the perimeter was 117.5mm (&plusmn;13.3) and sizes of the septal, anterior and posterior segments were 32mm (&plusmn;3.7), 46.3mm (&plusmn;8.3) and 39.1mm (&plusmn;8.5), respectively. The mean ratio between the antero-posterior and septal segments was 2.43 (&plusmn;0.212) in the anatomical position and when flattened it was 2.67 (&plusmn;0.304). Statistical differences were observed in the measurements of perimeter (p<0.0001), septal segment (p=0.003) and antero-posterior segment (p<0.0001) in both situations. Statistical differences also occurred in the ratios between the antero-posterior and septal segments (p=0.0005). CONCLUSION: The proportion between the septal and antero-posterior segments of the normal human tricuspid valve is 1:2.43. Flattening the tricuspid ring to measure the segments, changes the values and the ratios between them.OBJETIVO: Determinar a proporção existente entre os segmentos do anel da valva tricúspide normal em humanos. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 30 corações de cadáveres humanos não formolizados, com menos de 6h de período post-mortem, sem lesões congênitas ou adquiridas e com valvas tricúspides continentes. A continência valvar foi confirmada por injeção de água sob pressão no interior do ventrículo direito estando a valva pulmonar fechada. Fotos digitais da valva tricúspide com o anel valvar íntegro, e após secção e retificação, foram avaliadas por programa de computador. Compararam-se as medidas médias e as razões entre elas nas condições de anel íntegro e retificado. RESULTADOS: Com o anel valvar íntegro, os valores médios do perímetro, segmento septal e ântero-posterior foram 105mm (&plusmn;12,7), 30,6mm (&plusmn;3,7) e 74mm (&plusmn;9,4), respectivamente. Com o anel valvar retificado, os valores médios foram 117,5mm (&plusmn;13,3), 32mm (&plusmn;3,7), 46,3mm (&plusmn;8,3) e 39,1mm (&plusmn;8,5), respectivamente para perímetro, segmento septal, anterior e posterior. As razões médias entre o segmento ântero-posterior e o septal foram 2,43 (&plusmn;0,212) e 2,67 (&plusmn;0,304), respectivamente, em anéis íntegros e retificados. Houve diferenças significantes nas medidas do perímetro (p<0,0001), do segmento septal (p=0,003) e do segmento ântero-posterior (p<0,0001) entre anéis íntegros e retificados. As razões entre segmento ântero-posterior e septal também apresentaram diferença significante (p=0,0005). CONCLUSÃO: A proporção entre o segmento septal e o segmento ântero-posterior, do anel da valva tricúspide normal em humanos, é igual a 1: 2,43. A secção e retificação do anel tricuspídeo altera as medidas de seus segmentos e suas relações.26227

Guidelines for surgery of aortic diseases from Brazilian Society of Cardiovascular Surgery

Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia CardiovascularUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPUCRS Hospital São LucasFamerp Pós-GraduaçãoUnicampUNIFESPSBCCVUFRGS Faculdade de Medicina-Cirurgia CardiovascularEPM, UNIFESPUNIFESPEPMSciEL

Modeling the spawning strategies and larval survival of the Brazilian\ud sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis)

An Individual Based Model (IBM), coupled with a hydrodynamic model (ROMS), was used to investigate\ud the spawning strategies and larval survival of the Brazilian Sardine in the South Brazil Bight (SBB). ROMS\ud solutions were compared with satellite and field data to assess their representation of the physical\ud environment. Two spawning experiments were performed for the summer along six years, coincident\ud with ichthyoplankton survey cruises. In the first one, eggs were released in spawning habitats inferred\ud from a spatial model. The second experiment simulated a random spawning to test the null hypothesis\ud that there are no preferred spawning sites. Releasing eggs in the predefined spawning habitats increases\ud larval survival, suggesting that the central-southern part of the SBB is more suitable for larvae development\ud because of its thermodynamic characteristics. The Brazilian sardine is also capable of exploring\ud suitable areas for spawning, according to the interannual variability of the SBB. The influence of water\ud temperature, the presence of Cape Frio upwelling, and surface circulation on the spawning process\ud was tested. The Cape Frio upwelling plays an important role in the modulation of Brazilian sardine\ud spawning zones over SBB because of its lower than average water temperature. This has a direct influence\ud on larval survival and on the interannual variability of the Brazilian sardine spawning process. The\ud hydrodynamic condition is crucial in determining the central-southern part of SBB as the most suitable\ud place for spawning because it enhances simulated coastal retention of larvaeCAPESCNPq - PQ (CNPq) Project Number 304633/2012-

High prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral mucosal lesions of patients at the Ambulatory of Oral Diagnosis of the Federal University of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil

The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral carcinogenesis is still controversial as detection rates of the virus in oral cavity reported in the literature varies greatly. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of HPV infection and its genotypes in patients with oral lesions at the Ambulatory of Oral Diagnosis of the Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. Material and Methods We conducted a molecular study with 21 patients (15 females) aged from two to 83 years with clinically detectable oral lesions. Samples were collected through exfoliation of lesions and HPV-DNA was identified using MY09/11 and GP5+/6+ primers. Genotyping was performed by multiplex PCR. Results Benign, premalignant and malignant lesions were diagnosed by histopathology. HPV was detected in 17 samples. Of these, HPV-6 was detected in 10 samples, HPV-18 in four and HPV-16 in one sample. When samples were categorized by lesion types, HPV was detected in two papilloma cases (2/3), five carcinomas (5/6), one hyperplasia (1/1) and nine dysplasia cases (9/11). Conclusion Unlike other studies in the literature, we reported high occurrence of HPV in oral lesions. Further studies are required to enhance the comprehension of natural history of oral lesions

Guidelines for surgery of aortic diseases from the Brazilian Society of Cardiovascular Surgery: updated in 2009

PUCRS Hospital São LucasFamerpUnicampUNIFESPUFRGS HCPA Faculdade de MedicinaUNIOESTE HUOPFAG Curso de MedicinaUNIFESP-EPMUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Genome of the Avirulent Human-Infective Trypanosome—Trypanosoma rangeli

Background: Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite infecting humans and other wild and domestic mammals across Central and South America. It does not cause human disease, but it can be mistaken for the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. We have sequenced the T. rangeli genome to provide new tools for elucidating the distinct and intriguing biology of this species and the key pathways related to interaction with its arthropod and mammalian hosts.  Methodology/Principal Findings: The T. rangeli haploid genome is ,24 Mb in length, and is the smallest and least repetitive trypanosomatid genome sequenced thus far. This parasite genome has shorter subtelomeric sequences compared to those of T. cruzi and T. brucei; displays intraspecific karyotype variability and lacks minichromosomes. Of the predicted 7,613 protein coding sequences, functional annotations could be determined for 2,415, while 5,043 are hypothetical proteins, some with evidence of protein expression. 7,101 genes (93%) are shared with other trypanosomatids that infect humans. An ortholog of the dcl2 gene involved in the T. brucei RNAi pathway was found in T. rangeli, but the RNAi machinery is non-functional since the other genes in this pathway are pseudogenized. T. rangeli is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, a phenotype that may be explained by a smaller number of anti-oxidant defense enzymes and heatshock proteins.  Conclusions/Significance: Phylogenetic comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial genes indicates that T. rangeli and T. cruzi are equidistant from T. brucei. In addition to revealing new aspects of trypanosome co-evolution within the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, comparative genomic analysis with pathogenic trypanosomatids provides valuable new information that can be further explored with the aim of developing better diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic targets