Cephalometric variability among siblings

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether multiple siblings in a family resemble one another in terms of their craniofacial characteristics.  METHODS: This pilot study was conducted retrospectively using the Forsyth Twin sample. 32 families were included, each with at least 4 siblings who had lateral cephalometric radiographs taken after skeletal maturity was documented, for a total of 142 subjects. Headfilms were digitized and skeletal landmarks located to allow measurement of 6 parameters indicating sagittal jaw relationships and vertical status.  Dixon’s Q test was applied to identify any outliers in a family for a given parameter. Manhattan distance quantified similarity among siblings per parameter. Scatter plots visually displayed subject’s measure relative to the mean and standard deviation of each parameter to assess clinical relevance.  RESULTS: 11 families (34.4%) had no outliers on any of the 6 parameters, 13 families (40.6%) had outliers on only 1 parameter, and 8 families (25%) had outliers on at least 2 parameters. Our analyses identified 29 individuals with at least one outlying measure (20.4%). Of those, only 2 individuals (1.4%) were significantly different from their siblings for more than 1 measurement.  Although the majority of the families did not demonstrate a statistical outlier for any given measurement, the ranges were clinically relevant as they might lead to differing orthodontic treatment plans. CONCLUSIONS: Although families are generally not statistically dissimilar in their craniofacial characteristics as measured on cephalometric radiographs, measurements from siblings cannot be used to predict the measurements of another sibling in a clinically meaningful way

Comment

To survive in the competitive market, most organizations of today work with quality improvement of some kind in their business. Many organizations use concepts like Six Sigma and Lean, either applied as the structure for the entire improvement work, or as inspiration where elements of the concepts are used in the business development. Within Lean and Lean Product Development (LPD) literature, Japanese terms are frequently used, something that companies have applied to different extents. In Six Sigma and Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) abbreviations are equally common. Furthermore, in non-English speaking countries the frequent use of English terms sometimes obstructs the understanding of the constructs. Altogether, independent of which quality improvement concept an organization chooses to work with, the possibilities of using advanced terminology in some form are numerous. The present study investigates possible consequences of using advanced terminology of any kind in quality management, using experience and examples from large Swedish organizations. The paper thoroughly discusses advantages and disadvantages with usage of specialist language, indicating both increased benchmarking opportunities that come with a common use of terms between companies and the risk that too advanced denominations leads to misunderstandings within an organization. Conclusively, the paper emphasizes the importance of making a distinction between terms that are constructs used in the quality management field as a profession and at the everyday work in an organization and to make intentionally conceived choices of what terms that are used within the organization.QC 20140708</p

Formen statuarischer Repräsentation von Privatpersonen in Hispanien zur Zeit der Republik und in der Kaiserzeit

Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die statuarische Darstellung von Privatpersonen in Hispanien zur Zeit der Republik und in der Kaiserzeit. Grundlage der Studie sind über 250 Statuen und Statuenfragmente und zugehörige Inschriften aus dem 1. Jh. v. Chr. bis zum 3. Jh. n. Chr. Der Großteil der Funde läßt sich in das 1. Jh. n. Chr. datieren mit einer Massierung in der ersten Jahrhunderthälfte. Für das 2. Jh. ist ein weitgehend gleichbleibendes, wenn auch im Vergleich zum vorausgegangenen Jahrhundert deutlich niedrigeres Statuenaufkommen zu konstatieren. Mit dem Eintritt ins 3. Jh. n. Chr. gehen die Fundzahlen deutlich zurück, und in der Folge versiegen die Statuenfunde rasch. Ein Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung war die Frage nach dem Aufkommen der Gattung Bildnisstatue auf der Iberischen Halbinsel. Dabei stellte sich heraus, daß, � anders als bisher angenommen � Togastatuen von Privatpersonen nicht schon im 2. Jh. v. Chr. aufkamen, sondern erst um die Mitte des 1. Jh. v. Chr. Im Laufe der Zeit zu beobachtende Veränderungen in Aussage und Funktion der Männer- und Frauenstatuen und ihre kulturhistorische Deutung führten außerdem zu der Erkenntnis, daß hispanische Bildnisstatuen nicht nur von ihrem Beginn an stark von Italien geprägt waren und das Reichszentrum bis zum Schluß ein wichtiger Impulsgeber für die statuarische Repräsentation von Privatpersonen in Hispanien war, sondern daß gesellschaftliche Anerkennung bei den Bildnisstatuen darin Ausdruck fand, daß man gezielt statuarische Muster, Kleidungsstücke und Attribute wählte, durch die das Römertum ihrer Träger demonstriert werden konnte. Dies lassen besonders eindrücklich die Frauenstatuen erkennen, die zudem belegen, daß es sich bei dieser Haltung um eine gemeinhispanische handelt

Ancient Spaces as Spaces of Movement in the Postclassical Era: Factography, Imagination, Construction

The Research Group E-I investigates artistic forms of the transmission of knowledge concerning spaces of antiquity. In this respect long-term chains of transformative processes are to be observed through which the interrelationships between space and knowledge established in antiquity have been altered by historical agents through specific epistemic and medial claims. The aim is twofold: to analyze these knowledge-based processes of transformation in precise areas of investigation on a reliable material basis on the one hand; on the other to formulate relevant statements concerning the history of the transformation of space and knowledge through the consolidation of research results. For this reason, the research group takes up the all- encompassing topic of the artistic transmission of knowledge about space in the post-classical era in the context of the following precisely formulated contoured topic areas: (1) spoliation and transposition, (2) travels through spaces of antiquity, (3) the fictionalization and resemanticization of antique spaces in epics and novels of the Middle Ages and early modern period, (4) concepts and semanticizations of the Beyond in the Middle Ages and early modern period. Interdisciplinary research into the processes of formation and transformation of the interrelationships between space and knowledge in antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the modern period, however, calls for an integrative and sufficiently elastic concept, albeit one that is by no means arbitrary and which serves as a methodological foundation while remaining receptive to procedures of abstraction as well as of concretization, and which is adaptable to the participating disciplines. As for our research group, the concept of space as an area of movement has a heuristic function; it has proven to be an especially stable concept because the term space of movement pictures the dynamism of the concept of space which is applied by the group. We conceive of space as being generated performatively on a variety of levels through actions, perceptions, language, etc. In accordance with this emphatically dynamic conception, the term space of movement also clarifies the irreducible processual quality of formation and transformation. The concept of a space of movement remains open; it is not bound to the ontological status of the object, nor is it restricted to specific disciplinary methodologies; it implies nothing normative, but serves instead as an exclusively heuristic concept. The application of the concept of the space of movement leads toward a multiplicity of concrete individual results, particularly in the framework of the qualifying projects; moreover, it has proven possible to provide research on spoliation with a new perspective, to differentiate concepts of space in literature in historical terms, and to criticize cartographic procedures in the framework of scientific reconstructions

Humans of St. Norbert: Austin Marcks ‘21

Based on the phenomenon Humans of New York, Humans of St. Norbert mirrors the photoblog, featuring photos and interviews of people on campus

East German Architects and Planners in the Global South

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Take Back Control? Zur politischen Regulation der sozialen Medien

Die sozialen Medien stehen zunehmend in der Kritik, durch ihre Funktionsweise die gesellschaftliche Polarisierung voranzutreiben. Immer deutlicher wird dabei, dass die Zivilgesellschaft Hass und Falschmeldungen nur begrenzt mit digitaler Gegenrede entgegenwirken kann. Zugleich schwindet in der Politik die Geduld, dass die Tech-Unternehmen eine Selbstregulation umsetzen, mit der die Räume für extremistische Propaganda geschlossen werden. Zunehmend stellt sich daher die Frage: Wie könnte eine politische Regulierung der sozialen Medien aussehen

On the Applicability of Payment Channel Networks for Allocation of Transport Ticket Revenues

In many public transport networks, multiple providers cooperate to offer integrated services and, consequently, provide integrated fare collection. Thus, ticket revenues need to be redistributed so that each provider receives its respective share. Typically, the customers’ travel behavior is surveyed and the fares paid are aggregated over certain periods of time, and the revenue is periodically allocated based on this information. To avoid a centralized trusted third party or the exchange of sensitive information between providers, we present an approach that integrates revenue allocation directly into the payment process: The proposed approach is based on payment channel networks and utilizes multi-hop payments to perform revenue allocation. We thereby show how to make use of payment channel networks in this setting as well as the corresponding benefits

Nevada Underserved Science Education Program

Nevada Underserved Science Education Program (NUSEP) is a project to examine the effect of implementing new and innovative Earth and space science education curriculum in Nevada schools. The project provided professional development opportunities and educational materials for teachers participating in the program