Computational Aspects of Extending the Shapley Value to Coalitional Games with Externalities

Until recently, computational aspects of the Shapley value were only studied under the assumption that there are no externalities from coalition formation, i.e., that the value of any coalition is independent of other coalitions in the system. However, externalities play a key role in many real-life situations and have been extensively studied in the game-theoretic and economic literature. In this paper, we consider the issue of computing extensions of the Shapley value to coalitional games with externalities proposed by Myerson [21], Pham Do and Norde [23], and McQuillin [17]. To facilitate efficient computation of these extensions, we propose a new representation for coalitional games with externalities, which is based on weighted logical expressions. We demonstrate that this representation is fully expressive and, sometimes, exponentially more concise than the conventional partition function game model. Furthermore, it allows us to compute the aforementioned extensions of the Shapley value in time linear in the size of the input

A Logic-Based Representation for Coalitional Games with Externalities

We consider the issue of representing coalitional games in multiagent systems that exhibit externalities from coalition formation, i.e., systems in which the gain from forming a coalition may be affected by the formation of other co-existing coalitions. Although externalities play a key role in many real-life situations, very little attention has been given to this issue in the multi-agent system literature, especially with regard to the computational aspects involved. To this end, we propose a new representation which, in the spirit of Ieong and Shoham [9], is based on Boolean expressions. The idea behind our representation is to construct much richer expressions that allow for capturing externalities induced upon coalitions. We show that the new representation is fully expressive, at least as concise as the conventional partition function game representation and, for many games, exponentially more concise. We evaluate the efficiency of our new representation by considering the problem of computing the Extended and Generalized Shapley value, a powerful extension of the conventional Shapley value to games with externalities. We show that by using our new representation, the Extended and Generalized Shapley value, which has not been studied in the computer science literature to date, can be computed in time linear in the size of the input

Wooden sacral architecture in Greater Poland. An interdisciplinary case study of the church in Domachowo

Sacred wooden architecture in Poland is a huge and still unrecognised research problem. It covers a number of issues of interdisciplinary character: from the properties of building materials and carpentry techniques, through constructionand architectural-spatial solutions, to cultural and natural conditions. Hence, the best way to study this problem is interdisciplinary research. The necessity of cooperation of representatives of various scientific disciplines became the basis for creating a team to study the wooden church of St Michael the Archangel in Domachowo, so far dated to 1568. As researchers representing various disciplines (including archaeology, history, art history, history of architecture, architecture, architectural conservation), we cite sources and research that allow us to formulate a thesis that the past of the Domachowo church dates back to the 14th century. Moreover, we present the research and methodological problems inscribed in the aforementioned church building, understood as a whole. Such a multifaceted approach allows us to redefine the current knowledge about the church in Domachowo.Sacred wooden architecture in Poland is a huge and still unrecognised research problem. It covers a number of issues of interdisciplinary character: from the properties of building materials and carpentry techniques, through constructionand architectural-spatial solutions, to cultural and natural conditions. Hence, the best way to study this problem is interdisciplinary research. The necessity of cooperation of representatives of various scientific disciplines became the basis for creating a team to study the wooden church of St Michael the Archangel in Domachowo, so far dated to 1568. As researchers representing various disciplines (including archaeology, history, art history, history of architecture, architecture, architectural conservation), we cite sources and research that allow us to formulate a thesis that the past of the Domachowo church dates back to the 14th century. Moreover, we present the research and methodological problems inscribed in the aforementioned church building, understood as a whole. Such a multifaceted approach allows us to redefine the current knowledge about the church in Domachowo

BUDOWA TOMOGRAFU ULTRADŹWIĘKOWEGO DO ANALIZY PROCESÓW TECHNOLOGICZNYCH W ZAKRESIE FAL ODBITYCH I TRANSMISYJNYCH

This article presents the ultrasonic structure for the analysis of technological processes in the field of reflective and transmission waves. Ultrasound tomography enables the analysis of processes occurring in the examined object without interfering with its interior through appropriate acquisition and analysis of data. The design goal is to verify the repeatability of measurement results by eliminating laboratory equipment. The ultrasonic tomograph has been designed in a modular way and consists of a motherboard connected to an analog signal conditioning board, a liquid crystal display with an integrated graphics processor and a high voltage pulser with a 64 channel multiplexer. The solution was designed for tomographic measurements of technological process properties.W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono konstrukcję tomografu ultradźwiękowego do analizy procesów technologicznych w zakresie fal odbitych i transmisyjnych. Tomografia ultradźwiękowa umożliwia analizowanie procesów zachodzących w badanym obiekcie bez ingerencji w jego wnętrze poprzez odpowiednią akwizycję i analizę danych. Celem konstrukcyjnym jest weryfikacja powtarzalności wyników badań pomiarowych poprzez wyeliminowanie sprzętu laboratoryjnego. Tomograf ultradźwiękowy został zaprojektowany w sposób modułowy i składa się z płyty głównej połączonej z płytą kondycjonowania sygnału analogowego,  wyświetlacza ciekłokrystalicznego ze zintegrowanym procesorem graficznym oraz impulsatora wysokiego napięcia wraz z 64 kanałowym multiplekserem. Urządzenie zostało zaprojektowane do tomograficznych pomiarów właściwości procesów technologicznych

The Justification of the Sectoral Model of Chambers of Commerce – Polish Perspective

The authors of the conceptual article took up the topic of the sectoral model of chambers of commerce (of trade, of industry and commerce, etc.). This proposal complements the taxonomy of chambers present in the literature, based on three main models: continental, Anglo-Saxon and mixed. A comparative worldwide analysis of chambers of commerce indicates their significant diversity, but also the significant impact of historical and social conditions on their organization, position and effectiveness. Therefore, their system should be designed adequately to the needs of a given country, rather than directly transferring foreign or historical solutions into the domestic context. Present Polish chambers of commerce function as voluntary organizations associating entrepreneurs at various levels: sectoral, national, regional, local and bilateral (as Polish-foreign chambers). However, this solution does not provide effective communication between entrepreneurs and public authorities. Polish studies propose the creation of chambers of commerce in the continental model, which is based on the 19th-century regional structure. The authors argue that this concept is outdated in the era of global economic interconnections. The concentration of knowledge and competences needed today can be more effectively provided by the sectoral model. Sectoral chambers of commerce enable expert specialization appropriate to the needs of entrepreneurs and public authorities. They are also an effective platform for the decentralization of public administration. This model is an original concept of the authors in the discussion about possible evolution of chambers of commerce in the Polish context. Its implementation requires, i.a., proper definition of chambers’ tasks and the inclusion of entrepreneurs in the process of their creation. The discussion in the national press and industry magazines shows that these inquiries are valuable not only for science, but also for entrepreneurs and people responsible for the legislative process. Therefore, the aim of the conducted research was to justify the implementation of the sectoral model in the context of the current Polish practice and the increasing role of expert knowledge

Fast Prototyping for Video Monitoring Systems with the Use of DSP Module

This paper presents techniques for fast prototyping of real-time hardware / software video processing systems for urban surveillance monitoring equipment. During the experimental research the evaluation module with the TMS320DM6437 signal processor programmed with the use of the Code Composer Studio and Matlab / Simulink environments has been used. Analyzed algorithms can support the work of monitoring video operators. In particular, we analyzed efficiency of implementation of the algorithms using two examples: detection of painting theft and signaling of crossing a pedestrian pass at the red light