Estudo da incidência de Salmonella enteritidis em populações de galinhas caipiras no município de Concórdia (Santa Catarina, Brasil) por meio de teste sorológico

Os alimentos são considerados potenciais veiculadores de salmonelose, podendo se tornar uma ameaça à segurança alimentar e ao mercado avícola. A Salmonella enteritidis é o agente mais comum nas criações de aves e enquadra-se como principal responsável pela ocorrência de infecções humanas. Medidas de vigilância e defesa sanitária são adotadas pelo Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) e pela indústria para manter um bom status sanitário. Apesar deste sistema de biosseguridade aplicado às criações comerciais, populações de aves conhecidas como galinhas caipiras encontram-se fora deste controle sanitário. Com isso, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a incidência de S. enteritidis em populações de galinhas caipiras no município de Concórdia – SC por meio de teste sorológico. Para isso, foram analisadas 63 amostras de soro sanguíneo de quatro populações de galinhas caipiras provenientes de propriedades agrícolas familiares denominadas propriedade A, B, C e D. O diagnostico foi realizado através da técnica de soroaglutinação rápida em placa, e lenta em tubo. No estudo, todas as propriedades apresentaram pelo menos 2 aves soro-reagente para o antígeno S. enteritidis, tendo uma prevalência de 18,8% ( intervalo de confiança (IC) de 15,73% a 21,86%) do mesmo nas populações. Do total de aves analisadas, 23,80% foram soro-reagente para o antígeno. Os dados obtidos na pesquisa sugerem que o agente estudado está amplamente difundido nas criações de galinhas caipiras praticadas nas unidades agrícolas familiares, colocando em risco constante a indústria avícola, e as pessoas que se alimentam ou tem contato com estas aves

Differential Expression of Myogenic and Calcium Signaling-Related Genes in Broilers Affected With White Striping

<jats:p>White Striping (WS) has been one of the main issues in poultry production in the last years since it affects meat quality. Studies have been conducted to understand WS and other myopathies in chickens, and some biological pathways have been associated to the prevalence of these conditions, such as extracellular calcium level, oxidative stress, localized hypoxia, possible fiber-type switching, and cellular repairing. Therefore, to understand the genetic mechanisms involved in WS, 15 functional candidate genes were chosen to be analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in breast muscle of normal and WS-affected chickens. To this, the pectoral major muscle (PMM) of 16 normal and 16 WS-affected broilers were collected at 42 days of age and submitted to qRT-PCR analysis. Out of the 15 genes studied, six were differentially expressed between groups. The <jats:italic>CA2</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CSRP3</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>PLIN1</jats:italic> were upregulated, while <jats:italic>CALM2</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>DNASE1L3</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>MYLK2</jats:italic> genes were downregulated in the WS-affected when compared to the normal broilers. These findings highlight that the disruption on muscle and calcium signaling pathways can possibly be triggering WS in chickens. Improving our understanding on the genetic basis involved with this myopathy might contribute for reducing WS in poultry production.</jats:p&gt

Genomic structure of a crossbred Landrace pig population.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are used to study population structure and conservation genetics, which permits assessing similarities regarding the linkage disequilibrium and information about the relationship among individuals. To investigate the population genomic structure of 300 females and 25 males from a commercial maternal pig line we analyzed linkage disequilibrium extent, inbreeding coefficients using genomic and conventional pedigree data, and population stratification. The average linkage disequilibrium (r2) was 0.291 ± 0.312 for all adjacent SNPs, distancing less than 100 Kb (kilobase) between markers. The average inbreeding coefficients obtained from runs of homozygosity (ROH) and pedigree analyses were 0.119 and 0.0001, respectively. Low correlation was observed between the inbreeding coefficients possibly as a result of genetic recombination effect accounted for the ROH estimates or caused by pedigree identification errors. A large number of long ROHs might indicate recent inbreeding events in the studied population. A total of 36 homozygous segments were found in more than 30% of the population and these ROH harbor genes associated with reproductive traits. The population stratification analysis indicated that this population was possibly originated from two distinct populations, which is a result from crossings between the eastern and western breeds used in the formation of the line. Our findings provide support to understand the genetic structure of swine populations and may assist breeding companies to avoid a high level of inbreeding coefficients to maintain genetic diversity, showing the effectiveness of using genome-wide SNP information for quantifying inbreeding when the pedigree was incomplete or incorrect

Data_Sheet_1_The relationship between obesity-related H19DMR methylation and H19 and IGF2 gene expression on offspring growth and body composition.PDF

Background and objectiveImprinted genes are important for the offspring development. To assess the relationship between obesity-related H19DMR methylation and H19 and IGF2 gene expression and offspring growth and body composition.MethodsThirty-nine overweight/obese and 25 normal weight pregnant women were selected from the “Araraquara Cohort Study” according to their pre-pregnancy BMI. Fetal growth and body composition and newborn growth were assessed, respectively, by ultrasound and anthropometry. The methylation of H19DMR in maternal blood, cord blood, maternal decidua and placental villi tissues was evaluated by methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease qPCR, and H19 and IGF2 expression by relative real-time PCR quantification. Multiple linear regression models explored the associations of DNA methylation and gene expression with maternal, fetal, and newborn parameters.ResultsH19DMR was less methylated in maternal blood of the overweight/obese group. There were associations of H19DMR methylation in cord blood with centiles of fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and newborn head circumference (HC); H19DMR methylation in maternal decidua with fetal occipitofrontal diameter (OFD), HC, and length; H19DMR methylation in placental villi with fetal OFD, HC and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and with newborn HC. H19 expression in maternal decidua was associated with fetal BPD and femur length centiles and in placental villi with fetal OFD and subcutaneous arm fat. IGF2 expression in maternal decidua was associated with fetal BPD and in placental villi with fetal OFD.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate associations of imprinted genes variations at the maternal-fetal interface of the placenta and in cord blood with fetal body composition, supporting the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in offspring growth and body composition.</p

Table_2_The relationship between obesity-related H19DMR methylation and H19 and IGF2 gene expression on offspring growth and body composition.docx

Background and objectiveImprinted genes are important for the offspring development. To assess the relationship between obesity-related H19DMR methylation and H19 and IGF2 gene expression and offspring growth and body composition.MethodsThirty-nine overweight/obese and 25 normal weight pregnant women were selected from the “Araraquara Cohort Study” according to their pre-pregnancy BMI. Fetal growth and body composition and newborn growth were assessed, respectively, by ultrasound and anthropometry. The methylation of H19DMR in maternal blood, cord blood, maternal decidua and placental villi tissues was evaluated by methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease qPCR, and H19 and IGF2 expression by relative real-time PCR quantification. Multiple linear regression models explored the associations of DNA methylation and gene expression with maternal, fetal, and newborn parameters.ResultsH19DMR was less methylated in maternal blood of the overweight/obese group. There were associations of H19DMR methylation in cord blood with centiles of fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and newborn head circumference (HC); H19DMR methylation in maternal decidua with fetal occipitofrontal diameter (OFD), HC, and length; H19DMR methylation in placental villi with fetal OFD, HC and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and with newborn HC. H19 expression in maternal decidua was associated with fetal BPD and femur length centiles and in placental villi with fetal OFD and subcutaneous arm fat. IGF2 expression in maternal decidua was associated with fetal BPD and in placental villi with fetal OFD.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate associations of imprinted genes variations at the maternal-fetal interface of the placenta and in cord blood with fetal body composition, supporting the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in offspring growth and body composition.</p

Table_1_The relationship between obesity-related H19DMR methylation and H19 and IGF2 gene expression on offspring growth and body composition.DOCX

Background and objectiveImprinted genes are important for the offspring development. To assess the relationship between obesity-related H19DMR methylation and H19 and IGF2 gene expression and offspring growth and body composition.MethodsThirty-nine overweight/obese and 25 normal weight pregnant women were selected from the “Araraquara Cohort Study” according to their pre-pregnancy BMI. Fetal growth and body composition and newborn growth were assessed, respectively, by ultrasound and anthropometry. The methylation of H19DMR in maternal blood, cord blood, maternal decidua and placental villi tissues was evaluated by methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease qPCR, and H19 and IGF2 expression by relative real-time PCR quantification. Multiple linear regression models explored the associations of DNA methylation and gene expression with maternal, fetal, and newborn parameters.ResultsH19DMR was less methylated in maternal blood of the overweight/obese group. There were associations of H19DMR methylation in cord blood with centiles of fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and newborn head circumference (HC); H19DMR methylation in maternal decidua with fetal occipitofrontal diameter (OFD), HC, and length; H19DMR methylation in placental villi with fetal OFD, HC and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and with newborn HC. H19 expression in maternal decidua was associated with fetal BPD and femur length centiles and in placental villi with fetal OFD and subcutaneous arm fat. IGF2 expression in maternal decidua was associated with fetal BPD and in placental villi with fetal OFD.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate associations of imprinted genes variations at the maternal-fetal interface of the placenta and in cord blood with fetal body composition, supporting the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in offspring growth and body composition.</p