Uporaba trajnega drenažnega plevralnega katetra pri malignih plevralnih izlivih – naše izkušnje

Izhodišča: Vstavitev trajnega drenažnega plevralnega katetra (TDPK) nudi možnost trajnega paliativnega zdravljenja malignega plevralnega izliva (MPI). Namen naše raziskave je oceniti uporabnost in varnost zdravljenja naših bolnikov s TDPK pri ponavljajočih se MPI. Metode: V retrospektivno kohortno raziskavo smo vključili 105 bolnikov z MPI, pri katerih smo med aprilom 2009 in julijem 2017 na Univerzitetni kliniki Golnik vstavili TDPK. Analizirali smo demografske podatke, indikacijo za vstavitev TDPK, zaplete in delež spontane plevrodeze. Rezultati: Med pogostejšimi vzroki MPI pri vključenih bolnikih so bili pljučni rak (59,0 %), mezoteliom (9,5 %), rak dojke (6,7 %) in rak jajčnikov (4,8 %). Razlog za vstavitev TDPK namesto opravljene plevrodeze je bil nepopolno razpenjanje pljuč pri 50 (47,6 %) bolnikih, slaba splošna zmogljivost, kratko pričakovano preživetje ali pridružene bolezni pri 50 (47,6 %) in dotlej neuspešno opravljene torakoskopske plevrodeze pri 5 (4,8 %) bolnikih. Do zapletov je prišlo pri 14 (13,3 %) bolnikih: zamašitev katetra pri 7, izpad katetra pri 3, zatekanje ob katetru pri 2 in okužba pri 2 bolnikih (empiem pri enem bolniku in celulitis pri enem bolniku). Plevrodeza, ki je omogočila odstranitev katetra, je bila dosežena pri 10 (9,5 %) bolnikih. Zaključek: Vstavitev TDPK je varna in učinkovita metoda trajnega paliativnega zdravljenja MPI

Priporočila za obravnavo bolnikov s pljučnim rakom

No abstract.Ni abstrakta

Predlog za obravnavo bolnika z astmo na primarni in pulmološki specialistični ravni v Sloveniji

Z dokumentom želimo smernice, ki jih predlaga GINA, vključiti v slovenski prostor. Želimo, da bi dokument služil enotnemu in dogovorjenemu pristopu k obravnavi bolnikov z astmo na primarni in specialistični pulmološki ravni

Biomarkers in routine diagnosis of pleural effusions

Background: Pleural fluid biochemical analysis is the first step in pleural effusion (PE) diagnostics. Our purpose was to analyse the utility of the biomarkers used at our clinic in the routine diagnosis of PE. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the PE levels of proteins, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha amylase (AA), pH and glucose in 433 patients who were treated at the University Clinic Golnik in a one-year period and compared these values with the final identified aetiology of the effusions. Results: The majority of the effusions were determined to be a consequence of malignancy (n = 154) or infection (n = 108). In 94 cases the aetiology of the effusions was heart failure and in 54 cases other diseases, while 23 effusions remained aetiologically undetermined. Considering Light’s criteria, the vast majority of the effusions were correctly classified as exudates or transudates (97.1 %). Comparing paramalignant and malignant effusions, we detected significantly lower values of pleural fluid LDH (p < 0.0005) and proteins (p < 0.0005), and higher pH (p < 0.0005) values in the paramalignant effusions. Conclusion: We have found that pleural LDH and proteins are the most helpful biochemical parameters in our routine diagnosis of pleural effusions and helped us to correctly narrow the aetiological spectrum. Furthermore, significantly higher pleural LDH and protein values and a pH below 7.32 additionally facilitated distinguishing between malignant and paramalignant effusions. Parameters such as glucose and AA are useful in selected cases and have a limited role in routine diagnostics

Endobronchial ultrasound elastography strain ratio for mediastinal lymph node diagnosis

Background. Ultrasound elastography is an imaging procedure that can assess the biomechanical characteristics of different tissues. The aim of this study was to define the diagnostic value of the endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) elastography strain ratio of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with a suspicion of lung cancer. The diagnostic values of the strain ratios were compared with the EBUS brightness mode (B-mode) features of selected mediastinal lymph nodes and with their cytological diagnoses

Measurement of pleural pressure during therapeutic thoracentesis (pleural manometry) as a safe and objective method in the assessment of pleural effusion effect on symptom expression

Izhodišča: Bolniki s plevralnim izlivom pogosto potrebujejo razbremenilno plevralno punkcijo (RPP), po kateri navajajo bolj ali manj izrazito olajšanje dispneje. Zaradi varnosti se priporoča, da se med RPP odstrani do 1.500 mL tekočine. Metode: V raziskavo smo vključili 96 bolnikov, pri katerih je bila potrebna RPP. Zbirali smo ocene stopnje dispneje na lestvici VAS pred, takoj po in 2 uri po RPP, pri 73 bolnikih pa še 24 ur po RPP ter beležili količino odstranjene tekočine. Med RPP smo z vodnim manometrom merili plevralne tlake, iz katerih smo izračunali elastanco plevralnega prostora in na podlagi meritev bolnike razdelili v skupine z različnimi elastančnimi krivuljami. Rezultati: Med začetnim plevralnim tlakom in količino odstranjene tekočine ter olajšanjem dispneje po opravljeni RPP smo ugotovili statistično značilno povezanost. Pri največjem deležu bolnikov smo RPP zaključili zaradi pojava simptomov, zaradi meritev plevralnega tlaka pa smo RPP prekinili pri 16 bolnikih (16,7 %). V skupino z normalno elastančno krivuljo smo uvrstili 74 bolnikov, nezmožnost razpenjanja pljuč pa smo ugotovili pri 22 bolnikih. Med RPP ni bilo pomembnih zapletov, kljub temu da smo več kot 1.500 mL izliva odstranili pri 32 (33 %) bolnikih. Zaključek: Višji začetni plevralni tlak je šibko povezan z višjo začetno stopnjo dispneje in večjim olajšanjem dispneje po opravljeni RPP. Najbolj uporabna je dinamika sprememb plevralnega tlaka, s katero lahko že med RPP prepoznamo nezmožnost razpenjanja pljuč. Med RPP s plevralno manometrijo lahko varno odstranimo tudi več kot 1.500 mL tekočineBackground: Patients with pleural effusion often require therapeutic thoracentesis (TT), which results in more or less pronounced dyspnea relief. Due to safety concerns, it is recommended to remove up to a maximum of 1500 mL effusion in one session. Methods: 96 patients in whom TT was indicated were included in the study. VAS dyspnea score before, immediately after, two hours after TT, and in 73 patients additionally 24 hours after TT was collected. The amount of fluid removed was measured. During TT, water manometer was used to measure pleural pressures, from which pleural space elastance was calculated. Based on their elastance curves characteristics, the patients were divided into different groups. Results: We found a correlation between initial pleural pressure/volume of effusion removed and dyspnea relief after TT. TT was most often terminated due to the onset of symptoms, in 16 patients it was terminated due to pleural pressure measurement. 74 patients were classified in the group with a normal elastane curve, in 22 patients we detected unexpandable lungs. Although more than 1500 mL of effusion was removed in 32 (33%) patients, there were no important complications during TT. Conclusion: Higher initial pleural pressure is weakly correlated with higher initial dyspnea and greater dyspnea relief after TT. The dynamic of pleural pressure change is useful for detecting unexpandable lungs during TT. During TT with pleural manometry, more than 1500 mL of pleural fluid can be safely removed

Ocena kadrovskih potreb za izvajanje zdravljenje raka v Republiki Sloveniji

According to epidemiological indicators, cancer is a major public health burden in Slovenia, as it is the leading cause of death among men and number two among women. Adequate staffing is necessary to ensure adequate care for cancer patients in the future, as sufficient and suitably qualified human resources represent the basis for the comprehensive implementation of oncology care in Slovenia. Within the target research project - Analysis and estimation of requirements of human resources for cancer treatment in Slovenia, a flexible forecasting model was developed for planning the required healthcare staff for cancer treatment and palliative care of cancer patients. An estimate of staffing needs was made for the short term until 2021 and the long term until 2030. The results show staffing estimates based on data on the number of new cancer cases for all cancers combined and for common cancers, i.e. colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and together for other cancers. Staffing estimates for the implementation of cancer treatment were calculated for each listed cancer location according to the type of treatment and by healthcare workers. Staffing needs for palliative care were based on mortality data for all cancers together by palliative care levels. The presented methodology enables various stakeholders in the short-term 5-year period to quickly calculate annual staffing needs only on the basis of incidence and mortality data, and for longer periods and in case of major changes in the health system allows in-depth analysis of staffing needs and testing of different scenarios. &nbsp;Epidemiološki kazalci kažejo, daje rak v Sloveniji veliko javnozdravstveno breme. Rak je med vzroki smrti na prvem mestu pri moških in na drugem mestu pri ženskah. Za zagotavljanje primerne oskrbe bolnikov z rakom v bodoče je nujna primerna kadrovska zasedba, saj zadostni in primerno usposobljeni človeški viri predstavljajo osnovo za celostno izvajanje onkološke oskrbe v Sloveniji. V okviru Ciljnega raziskovalnega projekta Analiza stanja in ocena kadrovskih potreb za izvajanje zdravljenje raka v Republiki Sloveniji je bil razvit fleksibilen napovedovalni model za načrtovanje potrebnega zdravstvenega osebja za zdravljenje raka in paliativno oskrbo onkoloških bolnikov. Narejena je bila ocena kadrovskih potreb za kratkoročno obdobje do 2021 ter dolgoročno obdobje do leta 2030. V rezultatih so prikazane ocene kadrovskih potreb na podlagi podatkov o številu novih primerov raka za vse rake skupaj in za pogoste rake, to je rak debelega črevesa in danke, rak pljuč, rak dojke, rak prostate ter skupaj za ostale rake. Kadrovske ocene za izvajanje zdravljenje raka so bile izračunane za vsako navedeno lokacijo raka glede na vrsto zdravljenja ter po poklicnih skupinah v zdravstvu. Kadrovske potrebe za paliativno oskrbo so bile narejene na podlagi podatkov o umrljivosti za vse rake skupaj po nivojih paliativne oskrbe. Predstavljena metodologija omogoča različnim deležnikom v kratkoročnem 5-letnem obdobju hitre izračune letnih kadrovskih potreb le na podlagi podatkov o incidenci in umrljivosti, na daljša obdobja in v primeru večjih sprememb v zdravstvenem sistemu pa omogoča poglobljeno analizo kadrovskih potreb in testiranje različnih scenarijev

Errata: Ocena kadrovskih potreb za izvajanje zdravljenje raka v Republiki Sloveniji

No abstract.Ni abstrakta