Does rock type account for variation in mussel attachment strength? A test with Brachidontes rodriguezii in the southwestern Atlantic

Mussel attachment strength varies in space and time, frequently in association with variations in wave exposure. Yet, it remains uninvestigated whether different rock types can contribute to variation in mussel attachment. Here we compared the attachment strength of the mussel Brachidontes rodriguezii between soft and hard intertidal rock substrates that are typical of coastal Buenos Aires Province, Argentina: Pampean loess cemented by calcium carbonate and orthoquartzite, respectively. Overall comparisons of mussel attachment across natural platforms of either rock type (10 loess sites and 4 orthoquartzite sites) indicated stronger mussel attachment to orthoquartzite. However, mussel attachment strength did not differ when compared across natural loess platforms and introduced orthoquartzite blocks (i.e., groins and revetments) occurring within the same site. Mussels attaching to loess showed more byssal threads than those attaching to orthoquartzite at the same site. These findings suggest, first, that rock type does not influence mussel attachment strength in our study system, secondly, that overall differences in mussel attachment strength with rock type across natural platforms in our study range are due to confounding influences of co-varying factors (e.g., wave exposure) and, finally, that mussels can increase byssus production to counteract potential substrate failure when attaching to soft, friable rock. The latter likely explains the ability of mussels to maintain relatively stable cover across rocks of contrasting hardness.Fil: Gutierrez, Jorge Luis Ceferino. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Bagur, María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Arribas, Lorena Pilar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Palomo, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

Influence of Oak Species, Toasting Degree, and Aging Time on the Differentiation of Brandies Using a Chemometrics Approach Based on Phenolic Compound UHPLC Fingerprints

Oak wood is the main material used by coopers to manufacture casks for the aging of spirits or wines. Phenolic compounds are the main components extracted from the wood during spirit aging. In the present study, a chemometric approach based on unsupervised (PCA) and supervised (PLS−DA) pattern recognition techniques has been applied to the chromatographic instrumental fingerprints, obtained by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) at 280 nm, of the phenolic profiles of brandies aged in casks made of different oak wood species. The resulting natural data groupings and the PLS−DA models have revealed that the oak wood species, the toasting level, and the aging time are the most influential factors on the phenolic profile of the final products. Fingerprinting should be considered as a very useful feature, as it represents a considerable advantage, in terms of internal and quality control, for brandy producers.Bodegas Fundador, S.L.U. OT2019/108 OT2020/128 OT2021/076 OT2021/131 OT2022/080University of Cadi

Innovative non-targeted liquid chromatography fingerprinting approach for authenticating tigernuts under Protected Designation of Origin quality seal

The authors are deeply grateful to the ‘Valencia’ PDO Manage- ment Body for providing the samples for this study. In addition, AMJC acknowledges the grant (RYC2021-031993-I) funded by MCIN/AEI/501100011033 and ‘European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR’. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Gra- nada / CBUA.BACKGROUND: Tigernut is a typical foodstuff from a specific region of Valencia (Spain) called ‘L'Horta Nord’, where it is com- mercialized under a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) as Chufa de Valencia (‘Valencia's tigernut’). PDO-recognized tiger- nuts present unique characteristics associated with their particular production region. Increasing demand and the associated expansion of its cultivation area has made necessary an exhaustive quality control to check the geographical origin and quality seal. RESULTS: In this work, a new multivariate analytical method capable of authenticating the PDO quality seal of tigernut samples was developed. Tigernut fat fraction was extracted under optimal conditions, applying the methodology of design of experi- ments. The analytical method combined fingerprinting methodology and chemometric tools to observe the natural grouping of samples using the exploratory analysis method and to develop classification models (partial least squares–discriminatory analysis; PLS-DA) to discriminate between two sample categories: (i) PDO tigernuts; and (ii) NON-PDO tigernuts. CONCLUSION: The built PLS-DA model demonstrated 100% accuracy, high sensitivity and specificity, revealing that the tigernut fat fraction can be applied to authenticate the PDO quality seal.Grant (RYC2021-031993-I) funded by MCIN/AEI/501100011033 and ‘European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR’Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBU

A facultative mutualism between habitat-forming species enhances the resistance of rocky shore communities to heat waves

Heat waves have increased in frequency, duration, and magnitude in recent decades, causing mass mortality events in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Arguably, mass mortalities of habitat-forming organisms – i.e., dominant sessile organisms that define habitats via their own physical structure – would be amongst the most dramatic impact of heat waves because of their negative, cascading consequences on their associated biodiversity. However, the resistance of habitat-forming organisms to heat waves can be enhanced if they associate with secondary habitat formers able to tolerate and modulate extreme heat levels. Here we show that a seaweed of the Porphyra/Pyropia (P/P) clade can shield primary habitat-forming mussels, Brachidontes rodriguezii, from the impacts of extreme temperatures in a southwestern Atlantic rocky intertidal shore. By means of P/P removal experiments and surveys, we illustrate that P/P cover (a) buffers temperatures in the understory mussel beds during daytime air exposure periods in the summer, (b) reduces mussel mortality and leads to increased mussel body condition during warm summer periods, and (c) can prevent mass mortality of mussels during the course of a heat wave. Additionally, by means of a mussel removal experiment we illustrate that mussel cover is critical for P/P establishment, which is in consonance with the remarkably higher P/P densities and cover observed in mussel beds relative to exposed rock surfaces across a ~70 km coastal range. Collectively, these findings reveal a facultative mutualism where mussels provide a favorable substrate for P/P colonization and P/P attenuates heat mediated mortality on mussels. The ability of P/P to enhance the resistance of mussel beds to extreme heat events and the occurrence of similar P/P-mussel associations during spring-summer at globally dispersed sites suggests a widespread importance of P/P for the stability of mussel beds and their associated communities under warming climates.Fil: Gutierrez, Jorge Luis Ceferino. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario; Argentina. Estación Biológica las Brusquitas; ArgentinaFil: Bagur D'andrea, María Sol. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Estación Biológica las Brusquitas; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzo, Rodrigo Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. University Of Plymouth; Reino UnidoFil: Palomo, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina. Estación Biológica las Brusquitas; Argentin

Institutional entrepreneurship enablers to promote circular economy in the European Union: Impacts on transition towards a more circular economy

This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Circular economy supposes a transformational and radical process of change from a linear to a circular economic model, where every production phase represents a systemic shift at all levels. Nevertheless, CE philosophy is easy to understand but very complex to put into practice. For that reason, using institutional entrepreneurship theory, institutional enablers to push the transition to a more CE in the European Union will be analysed. In particular, the impacts achieved by CE strategies are oriented to priority CE goals. Thus, this empirical study based on a public consultation survey uses structural equation modelling to analyse links between institutional entrepreneurship enablers and impacts on CE strategies oriented to main CE goals. The findings support the effectiveness of acting like an institutional entrepreneur to force transformational and radical changes, although differences are found between enablers and the impacts of CE. The paper concludes with some useful reflections for institutions and policymakers in order to maximise the efforts taken to effect changes at all levelsThis study is part of a larger research project entitled ‘‘ECO-INNOVATION AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY Y SECTOR INDUSTRIES” (ECO2016-79659-R), which is financed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation within its aid programme for research & development projects inside Societal Challenges Program

Sustainable development and circular economy: The role of institutional promotion on circular consumption and market competitiveness from a multistakeholder engagement

This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Alonso-Almeida MM, Rodríguez-Antón JM, Bagur-Femenías L, Perramon J. Sustainable development and circular economy: The role of institutional promotion on circular consumption and market competitiveness from a multistakeholder engagement approach. Bus Strat Env. 2020;29:2803–2814.https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2544, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2544. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.The transition from a linear economy to a circular economy (CE) is a real challenge to achieve long-term sustainability. To push CE in the market, institutional promotion could become a key driver to positively impact both circular consumption and the competitiveness of the market. This paper analyzes the influence that soft and hard initiatives have on circular consumption and market competitiveness. Based on a survey of 1,281 respondents from different types of stakeholders, structural equations modeling statistical analysis was run. Results show that soft initiatives support the achievement of both objectives, whereas hard ones only influence greater circular consumption. However, the perception of the different stakeholders considered is very heterogeneous. It is indicative that not all institutional promotion initiatives are effective. Thus, institutions should guide, in an adequate and differentiated manner, their efforts to promote CE and sustainable development depending on the stakeholder they are targetingThis study is part of a larger research project entitled “ECO-INNOVATION AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY Y SECTOR INDUSTRIES” (ECO2016-79659-R), which is financed by the Ministry of Science and Innovation within its aid program for research and development projects inside Societal Challenges Progra

Pattern Recognition of GC-FID Profiles of Volatile Compounds in Brandy de Jerez Using a Chemometric Approach Based on Their Instrumental Fingerprints

Brandy de Jerez is a unique spirit produced in Southern Spain under Protected Geographical Indication “Brandy de Jerez” (PGI). Two key factors for the production of quality brandies are the original wine spirit and its aging process. They are significantly conditioned by specific variables related to the base wine and the distillation method employed to produce the wine spirit used to obtain a finally aged brandy. This final beverage is therefore strongly influenced by its production process. The chromatographic instrumental fingerprints (obtained by GC FID) of the major volatile fraction of a series of brandies have been examined by applying a chemometric approach based on unsupervised (hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis) and supervised pattern recognition tools (partial least squares–discriminant analysis and support vector machine). This approach was able to identify the fermentation conditions of the original wine, the distillation method used to produce the wine spirit, and the aging process as the most influential factors on the volatile profil

A facultative mutualism between habitat-forming species enhances the resistance of rocky shore communities to heat waves

Heat waves have increased in frequency, duration, and magnitude in recent decades, causing mass mortality events in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Arguably, mass mortalities of habitat-forming organisms – i.e., dominant sessile organisms that define habitats via their own physical structure – would be amongst the most dramatic impact of heat waves because of their negative, cascading consequences on their associated biodiversity. However, the resistance of habitat-forming organisms to heat waves can be enhanced if they associate with secondary habitat formers able to tolerate and modulate extreme heat levels. Here we show that a seaweed of the Porphyra/Pyropia (P/P) clade can shield primary habitat-forming mussels, Brachidontes rodriguezii, from the impacts of extreme temperatures in a southwestern Atlantic rocky intertidal shore. By means of P/P removal experiments and surveys, we illustrate that P/P cover (a) buffers temperatures in the understory mussel beds during daytime air exposure periods in the summer, (b) reduces mussel mortality and leads to increased mussel body condition during warm summer periods, and (c) can prevent mass mortality of mussels during the course of a heat wave. Additionally, by means of a mussel removal experiment we illustrate that mussel cover is critical for P/P establishment, which is in consonance with the remarkably higher P/P densities and cover observed in mussel beds relative to exposed rock surfaces across a ~70 km coastal range. Collectively, these findings reveal a facultative mutualism where mussels provide a favorable substrate for P/P colonization and P/P attenuates heat mediated mortality on mussels. The ability of P/P to enhance the resistance of mussel beds to extreme heat events and the occurrence of similar P/P-mussel associations during spring-summer at globally dispersed sites suggests a widespread importance of P/P for the stability of mussel beds and their associated communities under warming climates

Evaluación de efectos de efluentes urbanos sobre bosques de macrocystis pyrifera en el Canal Beagle

Los ambientes submareales del Canal Beagle (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) estáncolonizados por bosques del alga parda Macrocystis pyrifera. Estos importantesproductores primarios proveen hábitat y refugio a una compleja red trófica deorganismos bentónicos y pelágicos (Graham et al., 2007, Riccialdelli et al., 2017). En las últimas décadas, las actividades antrópicas en la ciudad de Ushuaia se han incrementado sin un adecuado manejo de los efluentes urbanos (Amin et al., 2011). Estas descargas representan un aporte crónico de nutrientes orgánicos e inorgánicos que puede dar lugar a condiciones de eutrofización. En el presente estudio se investigan los efectos de la descarga de efluentes urbanos sobre los bosques de Macrocystis pyrifera en el Canal Beagle. Se identificaron dos zonas con diferente grado de incidencia de efluentes. En cada una los bosques fueron delimitados sobre transectas fijas de 30 metros. Se realizarán muestreos en forma estacional durante dos años mediante buceo autónomo con el objeto de evaluar si la descarga de efluentes altera el crecimiento de esporofitos adultos de M. pyrifera, en particular durante los meses más cálidos durante los cuales los nutrientes son limitantes. En cada muestreo se colectan esporofitos de 5 cuadrantes y se toman medidas morfométricas. Asimismo, se analiza si las descargas favorecen el establecimiento de algas verdes oportunistas (Ulva sp.). A su vez, se toman datos de radiación incidente, temperatura y disponibilidad de nutrientes, entre otras variables, para describir las características ambientales de cada zona. Se presentan los resultados preliminares correspondientes a los muestreos iniciales realizados en otoño y en invierno de 2019. Este estudio permitirá conocer los efectos de las descargas cloacales sobre los bosques de cachiyuyo en altas latitudes y sentará las bases para su conservación.Fil: Kaminsky, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Bagur, María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Schloss, Irene Ruth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; ArgentinaFil: Quartino, Maria Liliana. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; ArgentinaXVIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Ciencias del MarMar del PlataArgentinaAsociación Latinoamericana de Investigadores en Ciencias del MarUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturale

Influence of Oak Species, Toasting Degree, and Aging Time on the Differentiation of Brandies Using a Chemometrics Approach Based on Phenolic Compound UHPLC Fingerprints

Oak wood is the main material used by coopers to manufacture casks for the aging of spirits or wines. Phenolic compounds are the main components extracted from the wood during spirit aging. In the present study, a chemometric approach based on unsupervised (PCA) and supervised (PLS-DA) pattern recognition techniques has been applied to the chromatographic instrumental fingerprints, obtained by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) at 280 nm, of the phenolic profiles of brandies aged in casks made of different oak wood species. The resulting natural data groupings and the PLS-DA models have revealed that the oak wood species, the toasting level, and the aging time are the most influential factors on the phenolic profile of the final products. Fingerprinting should be considered as a very useful feature, as it represents a considerable advantage, in terms of internal and quality control, for brandy producers.This research has been supported by the University of Cádiz and Bodegas Fundador, S.L.U. (ref.: OT2019/108, OT2020/128, OT2021/076, OT2021/131, and OT2022/080). The authors wish to thank the University of Cádiz and Bodegas Fundador, S.L.U., for the industrial predoctoral contract TDI-8-18, granted to M.G.-C. and the technical support from the SPI of Viticulture and the Agri-food Research Institute (IVAGRO) of the University of Cádiz for the analysis of the samples