Determinação da taxa de secagem dos grãos em lavoura de sorgo e milho.

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The Supernova Remnant CTB104A : Magnetic Field Structure and Interaction with the Environment

We present new, high resolution 1420 and 408 MHz continuum images and HI and 12CO (J=1-0) spectral line maps of the diffuse supernova remnant CTB104A (G93.7-0.3). Analysis of the complex continuum emission reveals no significant spectral index variations across the remnant. Three prominences around CTB104A are found to be related to the SNR, while one extension to the east is identified as an HII region associated with a background molecular shell. Small scale polarization and rotation measure (RM) structures are turbulent in nature, but we find a well-ordered RM gradient across the remnant, extending from southeast to northwest. This gradient does not agree with the direction of the global Galactic magnetic field, but does agree with a large-scale RM anomaly inferred from rotation measure data by Cleg et al. (1992). We show that the observed morphology of CTB104A is consistent with expansion in a uniform magnetic field, and this is supported by the observed RM distribution. By modeling the RM gradient with a simple compression model we have determined the magnetic field strength within the remnant as Bo ~ 2.3 micro G. We have identified signatures of the interaction of CTB104A with the surrounding neutral material, and determined its distance, from the kinematics of the HI structure encompassing the radio emission, as 1.5 kpc. We also observed clear breaks in the HI shell that correspond well to the positions of two of the prominences, indicating regions where hot gas is escaping from the interior of the SNR.Comment: 7 pages, Latex with aastex and emulateapj5, 12 figures, ApJ accepte

Repelência de entomopatógenos a Telenomus remus em condições de laboratório.

A utilização de agentes de controle biológico concomitantemente pode provocar interações de diferentes naturezas em ambos. O objetivo deste estudo foi de observar a repelência com e sem chance de escolha entre entomopatógenos e T. remus. Com chance de escolha os tratamentos foram: Baculovirus AEE (Baculovirus anticarsia-VPNAg), Thuricide (Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki), Agree (B. thuringiensis var. aizawai) e Dipel WG (B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki), Boveril EP (Beauveria bassiana), Metarril EP (Metarhizium anisopliae), Trichodermil EP (Trichoderma harzianum), testemunha positiva Lorsban 480BR (clorpirifós) e sem chance de escolha adicionou-se testemunha sem tratamento (negativa). No estudo com chance, em gaiolas, foram oferecidas a T. remus cartelas com ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda, uma tratada e outra não tratada, no primeiro e segundo dia após a emergência dos adultos (DAE). Sem chance, somente cartelas tratadas foram oferecidas em 1 e 2DAE. Avaliou-se: porcentagem de parasitismo (parasitismo) e de parasitóides emergidos (viabilidade). Sem chance de escolha, 1DAE clorpirifós inibiu, com parasitismo de 9,33% e viabilidade de 13,33% e 2DAE clorpirifós 0% e Dipel 13,33% com menor parasitismo. Aos 2DAE maiores parasitismos foram observados para Metarril, 88,76%, Boveril 85,79%, e Trichodermil 86,17% e maiores viabilidades para Baculovirus 98,44%, Dipel 91,34% e Trichodermil 91,29%. Com chance, 1DAE o parasitismo diferiu em: Baculovirus não pulverizado (NP) 71,80% e pulverizado (P) 98,97%, Thuricide NP 90,23% e P 96,47%, Agree NP 93,36% e P 73,18%, Trichodermil NP 85,44% e P 100%, clorpirifós NP 84,22% e P 20,77%. A viabilidade foi: de 96,23% Baculovirus NP e 87,58% P; 97,82% para clorpirifós NP e 3,13% P. Aos 2DAE o parasitismo foi: 50,41% Agree NP e 73,67% P; 91,31% Boveril NP e 98,57%P: 92,26% clorpirifós NP e 0,16% P. Os demais tratamentos e condições não diferiram

The significance of macrophage polarization subtypes for animal models of tissue fibrosis and human fibrotic diseases.

The systemic and organ-specific human fibrotic disorders collectively represent one of the most serious health problems world-wide causing a large proportion of the total world population mortality. The molecular pathways involved in their pathogenesis are complex and despite intensive investigations have not been fully elucidated. Whereas chronic inflammatory cell infiltration is universally present in fibrotic lesions, the central role of monocytes and macrophages as regulators of inflammation and fibrosis has only recently become apparent. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the contribution of monocytes/macrophages to the initiation, establishment, or progression of the fibrotic process remain largely unknown. Several monocyte and macrophage subpopulations have been identified, with certain phenotypes promoting inflammation whereas others display profibrotic effects. Given the unmet need for effective treatments for fibroproliferative diseases and the crucial regulatory role of monocyte/macrophage subpopulations in fibrogenesis, the development of therapeutic strategies that target specific monocyte/macrophage subpopulations has become increasingly attractive. We will provide here an overview of the current understanding of the role of monocyte/macrophage phenotype subpopulations in animal models of tissue fibrosis and in various systemic and organ-specific human fibrotic diseases. Furthermore, we will discuss recent approaches to the design of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutic interventions by targeting the phenotypic differences identified between the various monocyte and macrophage subpopulations

Seletividade de entomopatógenos a telenomus remus em condições de laboratório segundo metodologia adaptada da International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC).

No controle biológico dos insetos dois ou mais agentes podem ser utilizados de forma conjunta, por exemplo, um entomopatógeno e um parasitóide. O objetivo deste estudo foi observar as interações entre dois agentes de controle biológico. Para tanto foram feitos dois experimentos (pupa e adulto) segundo as normas padronizadas da International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC). Os tratamentos foram: Baculovirus AEE (Baculovirus anticarsia-VPNAg), Thuricide (Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki), Agree (B. thuringiensis var. aizawai) e Dipel WG (B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki), Boveril EP (Beauveria bassiana), Metarril EP (Metarhizium anisopliae), Trichodermil EP (Trichoderma harzianum) e testemunhas, Lorsban 480BR - clorpirifós (positiva) e água (negativa). Os parâmetros avaliados até dois dias após a emergência dos adultos (DAE) foram: porcentagem de parasitismo (parasitismo) e porcentagem de parasitoides emergidos (viabilidade). No ensaio com adultos, só o clorpirifós diferiu dos demais para parasitismo. No 1DAE o tratamento que apresentou maior viabilidade do parasitismo por T. remus foi Baculovirus (99,74%) e o menor foi Agree (97,38%), todavia, todos os tratamentos, exceto clorpirifós foram classificados como inócuos segundo as normas da IOBC. No experimento com pupas, clorpirifós diminuiu a viabilidade destas. No 1DAE e no 2DAE não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos em relação a viabilidade do parasitismo de T. remus. Já em relação a parasitismo tanto no 1DAE quanto no 2DAE houve diferença entre os tratamentos, no entanto somente Dipel no 2DAE foi considerado levemente nocivo e clorpirifós nocivo segundo a IOBC

The application of UAV-derived SfM-MVS photogrammetry for the investigation of storm wave boulder deposits on a small rocky island in the semi-enclosed Northern Adriatic Sea

The inventory and categorization of an extensive coastal boulder assemblage originating from storm wave transport on the coastline of Fenoliga Island (Northern Adriatic Sea, southern Istria, Croatia) are presented and discussed herein. The study adopted the use of a commercial Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Structure from Motion-MultiView Stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry for the construction of a 3D model of the island. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and an orthomosaic were produced and employed for the mapping of the boulder assemblage in a GIS. In total, 592 boulders were identified and mapped. Using SfM-MVS-derived products allowed for the identified boulders to be categorized based on size classification. Amassed data relating to the boulder characteristics was inserted and stored in a GIS, including the results of a comparative assessment with historical Google Earth imagery which enabled the ‘quantification of boulder transport over a 9-year timeframe’. Field evidence indicates that boulders were created in-situ via the quarrying of bedrock strata by breaking waves causing increased water pressure within preexisting surfaces of weakness such as bedding planes and sub-vertical fractures. Once detached, the boulders were transported and deposited during storm wave events. Repeated storm events can further displace previously detached clasts

Low Force Icy Regolith Penetration Technology

Recent data from the Moon, including LCROSS data, indicate large quantities of water ice and other volatiles frozen into the soil in the permanently shadowed craters near the poles. If verified and exploited, these volatiles will revolutionize spaceflight as an inexpensive source of propellants and other consumables outside Earth's gravity well. This report discusses a preliminary investigation of a method to insert a sensor through such a soiVice mixture to verify the presence, nature, and concentration of the ice. It uses percussion to deliver mechanical energy into the frozen mixture, breaking up the ice and decompacting the soil so that only low reaction forces are required from a rover or spacecraft to push the sensor downward. The tests demonstrate that this method may be ideal for a small platform in lunar gravity. However, there are some cases where the system may not be able to penetrate the icy soil, and there is some risk ofthe sensor becoming stuck so that it cannot be retracted, so further work is needed. A companion project (ISDS for Water Detection on the Lunar Surface) has performed preliminary investigation of a dielectric/thermal sensor for use with this system

A new FSA approach for in situ γ\gamma-ray spectroscopy

An increasing demand of environmental radioactivity monitoring comes both from the scientific community and from the society. This requires accurate, reliable and fast response preferably from portable radiation detectors. Thanks to recent improvements in the technology, $\gamma$-spectroscopy with sodium iodide scintillators has been proved to be an excellent tool for in-situ measurements for the identification and quantitative determination of $\gamma$-ray emitting radioisotopes, reducing time and costs. Both for geological and civil purposes not only $^{40}$K, $^{238}$U, and $^{232}$Th have to be measured, but there is also a growing interest to determine the abundances of anthropic elements, like $^{137}$Cs and $^{131}$I, which are used to monitor the effect of nuclear accidents or other human activities. The Full Spectrum Analysis (FSA) approach has been chosen to analyze the $\gamma$-spectra. The Non Negative Least Square (NNLS) and the energy calibration adjustment have been implemented in this method for the first time in order to correct the intrinsic problem related with the $\chi ^2$ minimization which could lead to artifacts and non physical results in the analysis. A new calibration procedure has been developed for the FSA method by using in situ $\gamma$-spectra instead of calibration pad spectra. Finally, the new method has been validated by acquiring $\gamma$-spectra with a 10.16 cm x 10.16 cm sodium iodide detector in 80 different sites in the Ombrone basin, in Tuscany. The results from the FSA method have been compared with the laboratory measurements by using HPGe detectors on soil samples collected in the different sites, showing a satisfactory agreement between them. In particular, the $^{137}$Cs isotopes has been implemented in the analysis since it has been found not negligible during the in-situ measurements.Comment: accepted by Science of Total Environment: 8 pages, 10 figures, 3 table