The Effect of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Review of Literature

Introduction: Chronic periodontitis is the most common periodontal disease which is related to the chronic accumulation of bacterial plaque. Since mechanical methods are not sufficient in the treatment of this disease, administration of local/systemic antibiotic is recommended following mechanical debridement. However, side effects of antibiotics such as microbial resistance and patient allergy led to development of alternative methods. One of these suggested methods is the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). PDT is a local noninvasive treatment modality without the side effects caused by antibiotics. The aim of this study was to review the articles related to the application of PDT with laser in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.Review of literature: In the present review of literature, the authors used key words such as Chronic Periodontitis, Laser and Photodynamic therapy, and conducted a literature search via Google Scholar and PubMed for the period of 1990 to 2015. A total of 47 articles in English were found. The articles that were not associated with the topic of research and review articles were deleted and only clinical trials were evaluated. After reviewing 23 articles’ abstracts, the full texts of 16 articles were analyzed.Conclusion: Considering the safety, the lack of side effects and general advantages like more patient compliance, the PDT treatment with SRP is recommended as an efficient adjunctive modality for the treatment of localized chronic periodontitis especially during the maintenance phase in non-surgical treatment

Comparison of Er:YAG Laser and Hand Instrumentation on the Attachment of Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts to Periodontally Involved Root Surfaces

BackgroundThe present study compared the effects of Er:YAG laser and hand instrumentation on the attachment of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells to periodontally involved root surfaces.MethodsA total of 40 tooth specimens were collected and treated in four distinct groups: scaled and root planed with hand instruments, treated with Er:YAG laser, treated with combination of hand instruments and Er:YAG laser and non-treated control group. The attachment and proliferation rate of HGF were assessed using MTT assay and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Examination was used for cell morphological evaluation.ResultsThe MTT assay showed significantly decrease in HGF cell viability in both hand instruments only and combination treated teeth specimens compared to control specimens (p<0.05), 24 hours after cell seeding. However, at time 48, the cell viability of attached cells in these two treated groups was almost similar to control.  In contrast, at 24 and 48 hours after cell seeding, viability of attached cells was higher than control in Er:YAG laser treated only specimens (p<0.05). According to SEM study, the laser treated specimens showed more surface roughness.ConclusionsEr:YAG laser increased attachment and proliferation of HGF cells in comparison with hand instruments method

Histomorphometric and Histologic Evaluation of Nano-HA with and without PRGF in Bilateral Sinus Lift Augmentation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and Aim: Positive results were reported after application of plasma-rich in growth factors (PRGF) in sinus elevation augmentations. Furthermore, PRGF products are available in different formulations and using them along with different graft biomaterials possibly induces bone formation and remodeling. This study assessed the histologic and histomorphometric results of NanoBone® biomaterial with and without PRGF in bilateral sinus augmentations. Materials and Methods: In this randomized split-mouth clinical trial, 10 patients who needed sinus floor elevation were selected and activated liquid PRGF was obtained through centrifuge of their blood. The space between alveolar process and sinus floor were filled with NanoBone® + PRGF (test site) or NanoBone® alone (control site) post-surgery. After 6 months, the implants were inserted in the regions and bone specimens were obtained using trephine burs. The sections were prepared by the standard techniques and bone remodeling was examined in both groups. The data were subjected to paired t test. Results: In case sites, the mean new bone formation percentages were 30.29%±8.54 and 30.84% ±6.76 in control sites. The mean remnant particles were 26.16%±10.03 and 26.18%±10.09 in case and control sites respectively. No significant differences were noted between case and control sites regarding mean new bone formation and remnant particles. Chronic inflammation was noted in all specimens with dominant range of 10-30%. The giant cells were evident and all specimens showed bones of lamellar and woven types. Conclusion: Although no significant differences existed between the sites filling using NanoBone® with and without PRGF in bilateral sinus augmentations, the results are probably related to the lengthy time periods for specimen preparation and the type of bone materials used. Conclusion was that PRGF did not induce bone formation in the aforementioned period of time