Results (median ± interquartile range) for hair nicotine and prevalence rates (±95% confidence interval) for SHS+ and SHS- in children and adult never-smokers.

<p>Note: * = χ² significant difference (p<0.05) between SHS+ and SHS–.</p><p> = χ² significant difference (p<0.05) between children and adults.</p><p>Key: SHS+ = positive diagnosis of SHS exposure using the forms; SHS– = negative diagnosis of SHS exposure using the forms.</p

Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves for SS-C (A) and SS-A (B) indicating the designated cut off points at 16.5 and 16, respectively.

<p>The points at the ROC curve at the designated cut offs for SS-C (C) and SS-A (D) forms 1 and 2 are also illustrated.</p

Factor loadings for the Smoke Scale in children and adults.

<p>Note: VAS = 10 cm visual analogue scale; Likert = 5-level likert scale (not at all, somewhat, moderately, a lot, extremely).</p

Reliability results for SS-C and SS-A.

<p>Note: * = AUC test statistically significant (p<0.05) from 0.5 (i.e., no diagnostic ability).</p><p>Key: IR = interquartile range; 95%LoA = 95% limits of agreement; %CV = percent coefficient of variation; SE = sensitivity; SP = specificity; PPV = positive predicted value; NPV = negative predicted value; LR = likelihood ratio; AUC = area under the ROC curve; CI95% = 95% confidence interval; SE = standard error.</p

Mean ± SD of cytokine production for men and women for the statistically significant post-hoc comparisons.

<p>Note:</p>a<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference from previous measurement.</p>b<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference of <i>T</i>₁ or <i>T</i>₃ from <i>T</i>_B.</p>c<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between sexes for the same measurement.</p><p>Key: IL4, 5 and 6: interleukins 4, 5 and 6, respectively; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; IFN-γ: interferon gamma; M: men; W: women.</p

Mean ± SD of cardiorespiratory variables for men and women for the statistically significant post-hoc comparisons.

<p>Note:</p>a<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference from previous measurement.</p>b<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference of <i>T</i>₁ or <i>T</i>₃ from <i>T</i>_B.</p>c<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between sexes for the same measurement.</p><p>Key: _%Max O₂ uptake: percent predicted maximal oxygen uptake; HR: heart rate; SBP, DBP, and MAP: systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure, respectively; M: men; W: women.</p

Overview of the experimental protocol.

<p>In the baseline trial (<i>T</i>_B) participants underwent a physical exertion bout that started at 1200 h without any SHS. In the remaining trials, one hour of SHS was administered at either 0800 h (<i>T</i>₃), 1000 h (<i>T</i>₁) or 1100 h (<i>T</i>₀), while the same physical exertion protocol initiated at 1200 h. SHS = secondhand smoke.</p

Mean ± SD of cotinine and lung function for men and women for the statistically significant post-hoc comparisons.

<p>Note:</p>a<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference from previous measurement.</p>b<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference of <i>T</i>₁ or <i>T</i>₃ from <i>T</i>_B.</p>c<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between sexes for the same measurement.</p><p>Key: FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; _%FEV₁: percent predicted FEV₁; PEF: peak expiratory flow; MEF_75%, MEF_50%, MEF_25%: maximum expiratory flow when 75%, 50% and 25% of FVC remains in the lungs, respectively; MVV: maximum voluntary ventilation; RR: respiratory rate; TV: tidal volume; M: men; W: women.</p