Clozapine and co-prescribed psychotropics: a short report

Clozapine is the drug of choice in treatment resistant schizophrenia. It reduces hospitalizations. Patients on clozapine are often co-prescribed other psychotropics. This report looks at a sample of twenty patients on clozapine. It finds that almost two thirds were on a psychotropic along with clozapine. Eight individuals were on an antidepressant; seven on an antipsychotic and five were on co-prescribed valproate. The clinical implications are discussed and a need to look at health services involving clozapine is suggested

Low dose quetiapine induced galactorrhoea: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Quetiapine causes less prolactin elevation and/or galactorrhoea than other atypical antipsychotics.</p> <p>Case Presentation</p> <p>Ms AB had galactorrhoea and raised prolactin levels at only 100 mg of quetiapine daily.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Low dose quetiapine can also cause galactorrhoea.</p

Deaf client with bipolar illness: a case report

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background: This case report highlights the diagnostic and assessment difficulties faced by mental health professionals when dealing with a Deaf client. Case presentation: We used mobile phone text facility to monitor and liaise with the client while in the community. We focused on the affect and signing amplitude/intensity of the client to make a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, prescribed valproate semisodium, and noticed an improvement in two months. Conclusion: This is an example of some areas of good practice when assessing a Deaf client with mental health problems. Background Deaf clients with mental health problems pose substantial challenges to mental health professionals. The diagnostic and assessment process is skewed towards using verbal communication and expression, which might be difficult in Deaf clients. Social problems also arise due to the communication difficulties with neighbours and local organisations. We present a case report of a successful outcome in a client who was provided services by our Community Menta

Cytokine gene polymorphisms and their association with cervical cancer: A North Indian study

Introduction: The production of cytokines, growth factors and adhesion molecules promotes tumor progression and involves inflammation, angiogenesis and thrombosis, thus providing optimal conditions for cancer development.Materials and methods: The present study was undertaken to evaluate association of cytokine gene polymorphisms with cervical cancer in a north Indian population. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) viz. IL 6-597G/A (rs1800797), IL-1b-511C/T (rs16944) and TNF-a-308G/A (rs1800629) was carried out in 100 each of cases and healthy age matched controls by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated by SPSS (ver.16) and gene–gene interaction was analyzed using SHEsis (ver. Online).Results: Epidemiological studies showed that women &gt;40 years have higher risk of cervical cancer due to early pregnancies. IL-6 and TNF-a promoter polymorphisms showed significant association (P &lt; 0.001) while the SNP combinations G A T* and G G T* of IL-6-597A/G, TNF-a-308G/A and IL-1b-511C/T polymorphisms showed increased risk up to 9.0 and 3.30 times respectively.Conclusion: Therefore, the promoter polymorphisms in cytokine genes can be used as biomarkers to predict cervical cancer susceptibility in a north Indian population. However, such studies need to be carried out in different ethnic populations in order to discover the specific risk alleles, genotypes and combinations for disease prediction.Keywords: Cervical cancer; SNP; Association; IL-6; IL-1b; TNF-

Emerging trends for radioimmunotherapy in solid tumors.

Due to its ability to target both known and occult lesions, radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is an attractive therapeutic modality for solid tumors. Poor tumor uptake and undesirable pharmacokinetics, however, have precluded the administration of radioimmunoconjugates at therapeutically relevant doses thereby limiting the clinical utility of RIT. In solid tumors, efficacy of RIT is further compromised by heterogeneities in blood flow, tumor stroma, expression of target antigens and radioresistance. As a result significant efforts have been invested toward developing strategies to overcome these impediments. Further, there is an emerging interest in exploiting short-range, high energy α-particle emitting radionuclides for the eradication of minimal residual and micrometastatic disease. As a result several modalities for localized therapy and models of minimal disease have been developed for preclinical evaluation. This review provides a brief update on the recent efforts toward improving the efficacy of RIT for solid tumors, and development of RIT strategies for minimal disease associated with solid tumors. Further, some of promising approaches to improve tumor targeting, which showed promise in the past, but have now been ignored are also discussed

Premixed burner experiments: Geometry, mixing, and flame structure issues

This research program is exploring techniques for improved fuel-air mixing, with the aim of achieving combustor operations up to stoichiometric conditions with minimal NO{sub x} and maximum efficiency. The experimental studies involve the use of a double-concentric natural gas burner that is operable in either premixed or non-premixed modes, and the system allows systematic variation of equivalence ratio, swirl strength shear length region and flow momentum in each annulus. Flame structures formed with various combinations of swirl strengths, flow throughput and equivalence ratios in premixed mode show the significant impact of swirl flow distribution on flame structure emanating from the mixedness. This impact on flame structure is expected to have a pronounced effect on the heat release rate and the emission of NO{sub x}. Thus, swirler design and configuration remains a key factor in the quest for completely optimized combustion. Parallel numerical studies of the flow and combustion phenomena were carried out, using the RSM and the k-E turbulence models. These results have not only indicated the strengths and limitations of CFD in performance and pollutants emission predictions, but have provided guidelines on the size and strength of the recirculation produced and the spatio-temporal structure of the combustion flowfield. The first stage of parametric studies on geometry and operational parameters at Morgan State University have culminated in the completion of a one-dimensional flow code that is integrated with a solid, virtual model of the existing premixed burner. This coupling will provide the unique opportunity to study the impact of geometry on the flowfield and vice-versa, with particular emphasis on concurrent design optimization

Revisiting Prostate Cancer in India: A Genomic View

In the recent past, there has been a rise in Prostate Cancer (PCa) in Asia, particularly India.  Although systematic reviews on PCa have dealt on the genetics, genomics and the environmental influence in causal of PCa, no predictive analytics in comparing the PCa from Caucasian, American to Asian population was attempted. In this review article, we have attempted to elaborate this aspect of PCa and deliberated on challenges related to next generation sequencing methods of PCa’s manifestation when compared to the west