An Analysis of Information Technology (IT) Post-Adoption Behavior

The primary focus of this research is explicating the role of emotion in IT post-adoption behavior. Studied in the context of intelligent personal assistants (IPA), a class of conversational artificial intelligence (AI), the first study integrates elements from computer science, communications, and IS disciplines. The research identifies two constructs vital for speech-based technologies, natural language understanding, and feedback, and examines their role in use decisions. This work provides guidance to practice on how best to allocate R&D investments in conversational AI. The second essay examines the IT continuance through the theoretical lens of the expectation-confirmation model (ECM), incorportating cognitive and emotional satisfaction into the ECM framework. Empirical testing of the model suggests that it offers additional clarity on IT continuance phenomena and provides a significant improvement to the explanatory power of ECM in the context of an emerging technology. The third essay is one of the earliest efforts to conceptualize and test a theoretical model that considers emotional attachment in IT continuance behavior. This essay develops a novel model to investigate this phenomenon based on emotional attachment theory, and empirically validates the proposed model in the context of conversational artificial intelligence systems. While the existing theories of IT continuance focus on purely rational, goal-oriented factors, this study incorporates non-cognitive aspects by including the emotional consequences of IT continuance and offers evidence that attachment can exist even in the absence of cognitive factors

The Role of Trust and Privacy Concern in IPA Continuance Intention

Abstract Intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) are self-contained software agents that may aid users with a variety of daily tasks. IPA\u27s devices include smartphones, smart speakers, smart glasses, desktop computers, and unique devices (de Barcelos Silva et al., 2020 ), which communicate with users to give an anthropomorphic interface for services (Saad et al., 2017). The best predictors of a person’s conduct are behavioral intentions (Davis, 1989). A user may elect to use a piece of technology for a single purpose and not for others. Businesses benefit from continuous technology use since it costs five times as much to acquire a new user as it does to maintain an existing user (Reichheld & Schefter, 2000). Additionally, Gao et al. (2015) note that obtaining new consumers and boosting consumption is merely the first phase; organizations have to retain regular customers and make purchasing more convenient for them. As a result, the question of continued use is gaining traction in an ever-more-competitive landscape. The confirmation-satisfaction research model (CSR), based on the expectation-confirmation model (ECM) and the expectation confirmation theory (ECT), is a widely utilized theory in the literature on consumer behavior (Yan et al., 2021). The CSR elucidates cognitive and emotional fulfillment. Additionally, we examine privacy concerns and trust as mediators. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between privacy concerns, trust, satisfaction, perceived usefulness, benefits, and intention to continue using IPAs. Internal relationships between each construct are analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Data was collected via an online survey distributed to students at a big public institution. 382 valid responses were included in the final dataset. We found that (1)the direct effect of perceived benefit and emotional pleasure on intention to continue is considerable and favorable; (2)Confirmation had a positive and significant influence on the perceived benefit when used directly. On the other hand, confirmation had a considerable beneficial influence on cognitive satisfaction. A confirmation has a big effect on emotional satisfaction and privacy concerns. (3)The findings reveal that perceived benefit has a favorable and significant effect on trust, cognitive satisfaction, emotional satisfaction, and intention to continue to use IPAs. (4)However, no relationship between privacy concerns and emotional satisfaction was discovered. By evaluating psychological aspects (satisfaction, privacy concerns, and trust), technological ones (perceived usefulness), and a performance factor (perceived benefits), this study will add to a more thorough understanding of post-adoption behaviors. Managers may have a holistic view of various stakeholder groups and make informed decisions about how to promote new technologies to customers

Expectation-Confirmation Model and IPA Continuance Behavior

With the emergence of Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPAs) such as Amazon Alexa, Google Home, and Apple Siri, etc., IPA arises as one of the fastest-growing artificial intelligence applications in recent years. Since the success of information technology (IT) depends on the continuance of its usage (Bhattacherjee, 2001), studies on IPA continuance behavior should also attract academic attention. IPA continuance refers to long-term or sustainable use of intelligent personal assistants, which make use of Natural Language User Interfaces (NLUI) to provide users with information about the weather, maps, schedules, calls, events, etc. (Kennington & Shukla, 2017). Prior studies in the IPA usability domain mainly focus on improving user interactions, understanding how people use IPAs, and explaining their uses (de Barcelos Silva et al., 2020). Previous literature related to IT continuance behavior captures satisfaction, attitude or habitual responses, and emotional attachment (Mamun et al., 2020), ignoring the usability of specific IT applications like IPAs, especially the interaction quality between humans and IPAs. Exploring IPA Continuance based on the expectation-confirmation theory (ECT) is the goal of this study. Oliver (1980)’s expectation-confirmation theory (ECT) is broadly used in consumer behavior studies to examine consumer satisfaction and post-purchase behaviors. Derived from ECT, Bhattacherjee (2001)’s expectation-confirmation model (ECM) investigates user continuance intention for a system, which is widely accepted by IS scholars Whether the API can accurately recognize natural human language and respond quickly may determine the user\u27s satisfaction with the API product. Therefore, we introduced the concept of API Interaction Quality, based on the ECM, to extend the original model, exploring the key factors affecting the continued use of IPA. The proposed model was empirically tested within the context of most popular IPAs, such as Amazon Alexa, Google Home and Apple Siri. we will collect empirical data from college students who are users of IPA, a class of conversational, where ages limit from 18 to 30. This research will contribute to both theory and practice in the IT area. It will enrich the theory of ECT and extend expectation-confirmation model in IS research. Tech giants who have developed their own IPAs like Apple, Microsoft, and Amazon may benefit from our research findings in the perspective of how to improve interaction quality between their IPA products and potential users

How does the Trust Affect Continuation Intention Toward IPAs?

The continued use of Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPAs) has received increasing attention in Information Technology (IT) and information systems (IS) research, assisting users in managing the dynamically expanding applications, devices, and services in their daily lives (Hu.et.al, 2021). IPAs are a class of autonomous agents designed as human-assisted aids that perform routine tasks according to the needs or preferences of users (Han & Yang, 2018). Likewise, IPA allows hands-free human-computer interaction, and this technology unlocks the potential of computing to work in new areas that have not yet been explored. Communication occurs between the human and computer using voice devices, such as Amazon Alexa, Microsoft Cortana, Google Assistant, Or Apple Siri. IPAs allow people to search for various topics, schedule meetings, or make calls from their car or home, eliminating the need to hold any mobile devices. The question remains about some of the factors that enhance the continued use of IPAs. This study aims to understand users\u27 continued use intentions towards IPAs regarding trust satisfaction and its relationship to user satisfaction. According to Davis (1989), the expectation-confirmation model (ECM) assumes that affirmation of perceived usefulness leads to satisfaction, leading to persistent intention. Embracing the practical value of technology, the model presupposes perceived usefulness, widely accepted as a strong predictor of information system usage. Furthermore, it uses satisfaction, which is considered an essential factor in enhancing users\u27 willingness to continue using the system. Satisfactory behavioral experiences are crucial for sustained intentions because they increase the tendency to repeat the same course of action. This study aims to develop a model to investigate IPA\u27s continuation intention where trust predicts satisfaction. Further to test the model, empirical data will be collected from employees with some experience using IPAs. In surveys on how user satisfaction and unique insights, we believe experienced employees will provide some valuable references. The theoretical implications of this study will help managers identify potential discontinuers with the goal of corrective action. Managers can consider technology\u27s cognitive and emotional aspects when adopting new technology. The study provides new IT post-adoption behavioral research guidelines that consider trust and satisfaction

The First 10 Years of NeuroIS: A Systematic Literature Review of NeuroIS Publications (2007 - 2017)

NeuroIS is an emerging and promising academic field that has attracted increasing attention. The year 2017 signifies the 10th year of existence of NeuroIS as a research field in information systems area. In this study, we conduct a systematic literature review of the NeuroIS academic research publications of last 10 years (2007-2017). As a result, we categorize the existent NeuroIS literature into 8 groups, explore the correlations among various NeuroIS concepts/ constructs, and demonstrate how the study enhances our understanding of the granulated inter-relationships between pairs of NeuroIS elements. The implications of the result to the NeuroIS research community are discussed

The Effect of Perceived Innovativeness of Student Response Systems (SRSs) on Classroom Engagement

Students’ engagement in classes, especially in the large classes, is a challenge. Information technology (IT) is changing the way of learning in a classroom and use of IT in the education sector has significantly improved effective teaching and the learning process. Student response systems (SRSs) are one of such technologies that can enhance students’ engagement in the classroom environment. The purpose of this study is to understand how SRSs affect students’ motivation to engage in classroom activities. We hypothesized that innovativeness of SRSs, enjoyment and attitude toward SRSs can enhance students’ engagement in classrooms. We will empirically test the hypotheses. The study will help IS researchers and instructors to understand better how students’ engagement in the classroom environment can be augmented using SRSs. The findings of this study will also help in technological solution of SRSs. \ \ Keywords \ Student response systems, theory of innovation diffusion, engagement intention, classroom environment

Social Networking in a Virtual Environment

Facebook, the leading social network service (SNS), has been integrating its social networking experience into the Virtual Reality (VR) environment. It bought Oculus Rift for $2 billion in 2014 (Dredge 2014) and currently has a number of apps available in the Oculus store. \ \ VR is currently being used to transport individuals to collaborative spaces, allowing them to engage in social experiences. For instance, virtual project rooms have been introduced by apps such as Facebook Spaces (Neubauer et al. 2017). Facebook also allows live-streaming of 360 degree videos and has an app in the oculus store that enables one to experience 360 videos and images using immersive VR glasses. Market volume worldwide for these devices are expected to increase from 9.6 million units in 2016 to over 110 million units in 2020 (Hartl and Berger 2017). \ \ There is clearly an opportunity here for other social networking companies to use the virtual reality experience to grow their user base, increase user satisfaction and user retention and give their users an enriching social experience unlike the experience on a traditional website or mobile app. However, there are challenges which companies will have to face when migrating their services to the virtual realm. Research which looks at the use of social networking applications in an immersive virtual environment is lacking. \ \ The purpose of this study is to identify the factors which influence SNS members to continuously engage in social networking activities within a virtual environment. \ \ This research addresses the following research questions: (1) What factors influence the reuse of social networking applications via VR glasses? (2) What social networking features are suitable for an immersive virtual environment? \ \ Expected contributions of this research are as follows. SNS Companies will gain knowledge about the various characteristics related to the users, social networking apps and VR glasses which play a role in determining the continued use of social networking applications via VR headsets. SNS companies will gain knowledge about the features of social networking applications that users like and dislike. This should help give them insight into the SNS features worth investing into and developing within the virtual environment. \ \ \ References \ \ Dredge, S. 2014. Facebook Closes Its$2 Bn Oculus Rift Acquisition. What Next?, in: The Guardian. \ \ Hartl, E., and Berger, B. 2017. Escaping Reality: Examining the Role of Presence and Escapism in User Adoption of Virtual Reality Glasses, the 25th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Guimarães, Portugal, pp. 2413-2428. \ \ Neubauer, D., Paepcke-Hjeltness, V., Evans, P., Barnhart, B., and Finseth, T. 2017. Experiencing Technology Enabled Empathy Mapping, The Design Journal (20:sup1), pp. S4683-S4689. \ \

Risk and Liability in Autonomous Vehicle Technology

Autonomous vehicle (AV) systems failures recently caused multiple accidents that resulted in serious personal injury and death. These include a March 2018 accident involving a Tesla vehicle in autopilot mode that crashed into a divider on a highway, killing the driver. Another incident involved a fully autonomous Volvo XC90 sport vehicle, owned by Uber, colliding with a pedestrian, on a bicycle, crossing the road in Tempe, Arizona (Vincent, 2018; Kohli & Chadh, 2019). As a result of these mishaps, potential passengers and owners are now apprehensive towards AV systems technology. This research examines AVs from two perspectives: AV passenger perceived system risk, and AV owner perceived system liability. It develops an AV risk model that explains the attitude of passengers towards AV technology and an AV liability model that explains the attitude of owners towards AV technology. The study addresses the following research questions: 1) What liability factors influence the attitude of AV owners towards AV technology? 2) What risk factors influence the attitude of passengers towards AV technology? We conducted an online survey of qualified Amazon MTurk respondents residing in the US. Findings indicate that owners are sensitive to the liability involved in acquiring AV technology. They worry about who they let use their vehicle and consider legal repercussions when determining their perceived liability in the event that something goes wrong. Passengers are sensitive to the risk involved with riding in AVs. They care about various types of risk including physical and psychological risks, when judging AV Technology. References Kohli, P., & Chadha, A. (2019, March). Enabling pedestrian safety using computer vision techniques: A case study of the 2018 Uber inc. self-driving car crash. In Future of Information and Communication Conference (pp. 261-279). Springer, Cham. Vincent, K. (2018). Ethical Implications: The ACM/IEEE-CS Software Engineering Code applied to Tesla\u27s Autopilot System. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.06244