452 research outputs found
Non-equilibrium dynamics in an interacting nanoparticle system
Non-equilibrium dynamics in an interacting Fe-C nanoparticle sample,
exhibiting a low temperature spin glass like phase, has been studied by low
frequency ac-susceptibility and magnetic relaxation experiments. The
non-equilibrium behavior shows characteristic spin glass features, but some
qualitative differences exist. The nature of these differences is discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 11 figure
Spin Driven Jahn-Teller Distortion in a Pyrochlore system
The ground-state properties of the spin-1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model
on the corner-sharing tetrahedra, pyrochlore lattice, is investigated. By
breaking up each spin into a pair of 1/2-spins, the problem is reduced to the
equivalent one of the spin-1/2 tetrahedral network in analogy with the valence
bond solid state in one dimension. The twofold degeneracy of the spin-singlets
of a tetrahedron is lifted by a Jahn-Teller mechanism, leading to a cubic to
tetragonal structural transition. It is proposed that the present mechanism is
responsible for the phase transition observed in the spin-1 spinel compounds
ZnVO and MgVO.Comment: 4 pages, 3 eps figures, REVTeX, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Metal-insulator Crossover Behavior at the Surface of NiS_2
We have performed a detailed high-resolution electron spectroscopic
investigation of NiS and related Se-substituted compounds
NiSSe, which are known to be gapped insulators in the bulk at all
temperatures. A large spectral weight at the Fermi energy of the room
temperature spectrum, in conjunction with the extreme surface sensitivity of
the experimental probe, however, suggests that the surface layer is metallic at
300 K. Interestingly, the evolution of the spectral function with decreasing
temperature is characterized by a continuous depletion of the single-particle
spectral weight at the Fermi energy and the development of a gap-like structure
below a characteristic temperature, providing evidence for a metal-insulator
crossover behavior at the surfaces of NiS and of related compounds. These
results provide a consistent description of the unusual transport properties
observed in these systems.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism study of weakly ferromagnetic ZnVO thin film
We performed a soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) study of a
ZnVO thin film which showed small ferromagnetic moment. Field and
temperature dependences of V 2 XMCD signals indicated the coexistence of
Curie-Weiss paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and possibly ferromagnetic V ions,
quantitatively consistent with the magnetization measurements. We attribute the
paramagnetic signal to V ions substituting Zn sites which are somewhat
elongated along the c-axis
Species of Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) and other nematode genera associated with insects from Pinus pinaster in Portugal
Insects associated with maritime pine, Pinus pinaster, in Portugal were collected
and screened for the presence of Bursaphelenchus species. Nematodes were
identified using Internal Transcribed Spacers-Restriction Fragment Length
Polymorphism (ITS-RFLP) analysis of dauer juveniles and morphological
identification of adults that developed from dauer juveniles on fungal cultures
or on cultures in pine wood segments at 26 C. Several associations are
described: Bursaphelenchus teratospicularis and Bursaphelenchus sexdentati are
associated with Orthotomicus erosus; Bursaphelenchus tusciae, B. sexdentati and/or
Bursaphelenchus pinophilus with Hylurgus ligniperda and Bursaphelenchus hellenicus
with Tomicus piniperda, Ips sexdentatus and H. ligniperda. An unidentified
Bursaphelenchus species is vectored by Hylobius sp. The previously reported
association of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus with Monochamus galloprovincialis
was confirmed. The association of Bursaphelenchus leoni with Pityogenes sp. is
not definitively established and needs further studies for clarification.
Other nematode genera besides Bursaphelenchus were found to be associated
with the insects sampled, including two different species of Ektaphelenchus, Parasitorhabditis
sp., Parasitaphelenchus sp., Contortylenchus sp. and other unidentified
nematodes. The Ektaphelenchus species found in O. erosus is morphologically
similar to B. teratospicularis found in the same insect; adults of both the species
are found in cocoon-like structures under the elytra of the insects.
Introduction
Approximately one third of the nematodes belonging to
the order Aphelenchida Siddiqi, 1980 are associated with
insects (Poinar, 1983). These nematodes establish a variety
of associations with the insects, which may be
described as commensalism, e.g. phoresy (to the benefit
of the nematode but not affecting the insect), mutualism
(both the organisms benefit) or parasitism (nematodes
benefit at the expense of the insect) (Giblin-Davis,
2004).
Most Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 species are mycetophagous,
feeding on fungi in the galleries of bark beetles
and thu
Indication of intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism in Ti1-xCoxO2-d thin film: An x-ray magnetic circular dichroism study
Soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements at the Co L2,3
edges of Co doped rutile TiO2 at room temperature have revealed clear multiplet
features characteristic of ferromagnetic Co2+ ions coordinated by O2- ions,
being in sharp contrast to the featureless XMCD spectrum of Co metal or
metallic clusters. The absorption and XMCD spectra agree well with a full
atomic-multiplet calculation for the Co2+ high-spin state in the D2h-symmetry
crystal field at the Ti site in rutile TiO2. The results indicate that the
ferromagnetism arises from the Co2+ ions substituting the Ti4+ ions.Comment: 11 pages including 3 figure
High-energy spectroscopic study of the III-V nitride-based diluted magnetic semiconductor GaMnN
We have studied the electronic structure of the diluted magnetic
semiconductor GaMnN ( = 0.0, 0.02 and 0.042) grown on Sn-doped
-type GaN using photoemission and soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Mn
-edge x-ray absorption have indicated that the Mn ions are in the
tetrahedral crystal field and that their valence is divalent. Upon Mn doping
into GaN, new state were found to form within the band gap of GaN, and the
Fermi level was shifted downward. Satellite structures in the Mn 2 core
level and the Mn 3 partial density of states were analyzed using
configuration-interaction calculation on a MnN cluster model. The deduced
electronic structure parameters reveal that the - exchange coupling in
GaMnN is stronger than that in GaMnAs.Comment: 6pages, 10figures. To be published to Phys. Rev.
Itinerant ferromagnetism in half-metallic CoS_2
We have investigated electronic and magnetic properties of the pyrite-type
CoS_2 using the linearized muffin-tin orbital (LMTO) band method. We have
obtained the ferromagnetic ground state with nearly half-metallic nature. The
half-metallic stability is studied by using the fixed spin moment method. The
non-negligible orbital magnetic moment of Co 3d electrons is obtained as in the local spin density approximation (LSDA). The calculated
ratio of the orbital to spin angular momenta / = 0.15 is
consistent with experiment. The effect of the Coulomb correlation between Co 3d
electrons is also explored with the LSDA + U method. The Coulomb correlation at
Co sites is not so large, eV, and so CoS_2 is possibly
categorized as an itinerant ferromagnet. It is found that the observed
electronic and magnetic behaviors of CoS_2 can be described better by the LSDA
than by the LSDA + U.Comment: 4 pages, 3 postscript figure
Hyperthermic effects of dissipative structures of magnetic nanoparticles in large alternating magnetic fields
Targeted hyperthermia treatment using magnetic nanoparticles is a promising cancer therapy. However, the mechanisms of heat dissipation in the large alternating magnetic field used during such treatment have not been clarified. In this study, we numerically compared the magnetic loss in rotatable nanoparticles in aqueous media with that of non-rotatable nanoparticles anchored to localised structures. In the former, the relaxation loss in superparamagnetic nanoparticles has a secondary maximum because of slow rotation of the magnetic easy axis of each nanoparticle in the large field in addition to the known primary maximum caused by rapid Néel relaxation. Irradiation of rotatable ferromagnetic nanoparticles with a high-frequency axial field generates structures oriented in a longitudinal or planar direction irrespective of the free energy. Consequently, these dissipative structures significantly affect the conditions for maximum hysteresis loss. These findings shed new light on the design of targeted magnetic hyperthermia treatments
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