Spiders (Araneae) from Agricultural fields near foothill of Satpura Mountain ranges of Amravati District, Maharashtra, India.

This paper deals with the study of spider distribution in agricultural fields adjoining the Satpura Mountain Ranges of the Amravati district. The total collection of spiders comprises 12 families, 37 genera and 76 species. The Araneidae and Thomisidae families were dominant, followed by Saltisidae from the selected agricultural area. Lycosidae and Tetragnathidae were also found in a decreasing number of species due to their specific habitation. The analysis of guild structure revealed six feeding guilds. Orb web weavers and Ambushers constituted the dominant feeding guild representing 33% and 22% of the total collection respectively. Stalkers and ground runners represent 20% and 17% and foliage hunters and sheet web weavers represent 5% and 3% respectively. A new species of genus Sassacus (Beetle like spider), family Saltisidae was found for the first time in the Vidarbha region. The richness of spider diversity is a sign of the overall biodiversity which is a useful indicator of the species richness of the agro-ecosystem.
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Effect of Cigarette Smoke on the Developing Embryo: Chick as an Animal Model

Tobacco has been widely used for chewing and smoking and Nicotine is the major component of the tobacco. Nicotine can enter via many ways.It has been noted that maternal exposure of Nicotine by direct or indirect way has been increased now a days. Studies designated that in United States 12.7% women smoke during pregnancy, and a noteworthy proportion of population has been exposed to maternal smoking in utero. The early chick embryo is an established model of the first month of embryonic development in mammals. Effects of Nicotine on the growth and development of the embryo in utero has been studied using an embryonic chick as an experimental animal model. Experimental embryos were exposed with cigarette smoke. The eggs were incubated at 37ºC for 4,8,12 and 16 days respectively. Body weight, size of head, size of the trunk, complete body size as well as protein at the Tissue level also glucose and Cholesterol has been studied after the mentioned days of incubation. It has been noted that nicotine exposure caused alterations in all the parameters studied. From the results it has been concluded that the Nicotine exposure goes on accumulating and it leads into the death of the embryos after 12th day of incubation