The Participation of Women in Times of Revolution

This essay explores the parallel role of women participating in the political revolutions in eighteenth-century France and twenty-first-century Hong Kong

Selective Justice: A Crisis of Missing and Murdered Alaska Native Women

Across the country, Indigenous women are murdered more than any other population and go missing at disproportionate rates. This crisis of missing and murdered Indigenous women is amplified in Alaska, where the vast landscape, a confusing jurisdictional scheme, and a history of systemic racism all create significant barriers to justice for Alaska Native women. This Note examines the roots of the crisis and calls for a holistic response that acknowledges the role of colonialism, Indigenous genocide, and governmental failures. While this Note focuses on the epidemic of violence against Alaska Native women in particular, it seeks to provide solutions that will increase the visibility and protection of Indigenous women throughout North America. “If a person is murdered in the village, you’ll be lucky if someone comes in three, four days to work the murder site and gather what needs to be gathered so you can figure out a case later . . . but if you shoot a moose out of season, you’re going to get two brownshirts there that day.

The Impact of the Therapeutic Alliance, Therapist Empathy and Perceived Coercion on Engagement in Outpatient Therapy for Individuals with Serious Mental Health Conditions

Purpose: Individuals with serious mental health conditions disengage from treatment at a higher rate than other populations. Factors associated with treatment engagement for this population in other contexts, or in outpatient therapy for other populations, include the therapeutic alliance, therapist empathy, and perceived coercion. This study tested the hypothesis that a stronger therapeutic alliance, a greater degree of therapist empathy, and a lower degree of coercion will be associated with a higher degree of engagement in outpatient therapy for individuals with SMHC when controlling for other factors found to be associated with engagement. Methods: 131 participants completed an anonymous web-based survey measuring the study’s constructs with established scales. The relationship between variables was tested using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: After separating the therapeutic alliance and therapist empathy in the multivariate analysis due to multicollinearity, both the therapeutic alliance and therapist empathy were found to be significant predictors of change in client engagement. Perceived coercion was not found to be a significant predictor of change in client engagement. It was also found that participant treatment utilization at the time of survey completion was significantly less intensive than their historical treatment utilization, and that participants reflect a range of symptoms and levels of impairment. Conclusions and Implications: The therapeutic alliance and the quality of therapist-client interactions are the most important factors in maintaining engagement in outpatient therapy for individuals with SMHC. Individuals with SMHC are managing their conditions with less intensive and less restrictive treatments, despite a varying range of symptom severity and functional impairment. Additional research is needed to better understand engagement in therapy for individuals with SMHC and to develop more sensitive measures for evaluating these constructs

A Volunteer Program Resource Guide for Ocean Shores Elementary School Ocean Shores, Washington

The purpose of this study was to develop an elementary school community volunteer resource guide for Ocean Shores Elementary School to prepare for school volunteers. To accomplish this purpose, a review of current literature and research regarding volunteer programs in public schools was conducted. Additionally, materials descriptive of volunteer programs from selected school, school districts, institutions of higher education, and government agencies were obtained and analyzed. The guide was intended for use by the Ocean Shores Elementary School, North Beach School District, Ocean Shores, Washington

Rural water system functionality and its determinants: a twelve-country study

This paper presents results from a 12-country study of water systems installed by Living Water International from 2001-2014. Results from a random, representative sample of 3,815 water systems indicate that 77.1% were functional, with an additional 5.8% having limited functionality. These results fall in the upper end of an expected range based on similar studies. Several factors increased the odds of water system functionality, including when water users made financial contributions to the system and whether a community used a management structure. Any type of management increased the odds of functionality, but village water committees had the largest effect. Additionally, Afridev pumps were associated with higher odds of functionality than India Mark II pumps

The South-North Water Transfer Project: a cost-benefit analysis

China possesses the fifth largest endowment of fresh water resources in the world, but by per capita standards, it is strained at one-third of the world average. Water scarcity is particularly concerning for the semi-arid North China plain, which receives only a fraction of the precipitation South China receives. However, North China contains some of China’s most important city, including the capital city, Beijing. To help meet increasing water demands, the Chinese Central Government authorized the expansion of the South-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP). Policy-makers world-wide argue that the SNWTP’s costs exceed its benefits because it is only short-term solution for China’s long-term water scarcity problem and does not solve the difficulty of high water demand for a limited freshwater supply. To test this theory, this project runs a costbenefit analysis on the SNWTP’s central route’s costs and benefits to Beijing over a 20 year test period. The analysis shows that the benefits of the SNWTP exceed its costs. Because the SNWTP’s central route has only been in use for one year, data is limited. For these reasons, this project also shows that the SNWTP’s costs may exceed its benefits in the long-run, but additional research, particularly a field study along the SNWTP’s central route and in South China, is needed to show the impacts of water diversion on these regions and also assess the energy footprint of this project

Potassium nutrition of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows

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Engaging religious organisations in WASH programmes: a conceptual framework and case study from Zimbabwe

Many WASH actors have had some level of engagement with religious organisations, which is not surprising given the prevalence of religion in developing countries, but there is potential to more deeply engage religious institutions in large-scale WASH programmes. To do so effectively, though, requires a greater literacy around religious ideas and practices. Toward that end, the authors conceptualize a framework that breaks down the concept of “religion” into three components — ideas, practices, and organisations — which interact with each other and influence WASH programmes and outcomes. One aspect of the framework, which is likely most familiar to WASH actors, is how religious organisations influence WASH programmes. A case study for how Living Water International partnered with the Evangelical Fellowship of Zimbabwe to implement a district-level WASH programme illustrates this part of the conceptual framework and provides recommendations to other NGOs