Etchings from the 1846 Comic Almanack

"In the eighteenth century, two innovations in the fields of English literature and art raised social awareness in England. The first was the advent of the periodical that, as a source of public information and entertainment, brought together people of different classes and walks of life. The second novelty was William Hogarth's creation of comic history painting. Hogarth used his harmonious and minutely detailed style to satirize different social classes in his art. These two innovations came together in the nine- teenth century when magazines began to meet the interests of their increasingly varied audience with more diverse subject matter. One type of periodical that flourished in the diversity of this time was the humor magazine. A popular example was the Comic Almanack, a fanciful collection of horoscopes, monthly hints, and satires illustrated with etchings by George Cruikshank. The Museum of Art and Archaeology at the University of Missouri-Columbia has in its collection four etchings by Cruikshank from the 1846 issue of the Almanack: Virgo, Taurus, Capricornus, and Gemini. Each illustration was accompanied in the original publication by a satirical text including dialogues, poems, and prose. These etchings and their associated passages allude to Victorian society and politics with varying degrees of complexity. In some cases, pairing Cruikshank's illustration with its text is not enough to decipher its meaning clearly, bur despite their obscurity, these etchings are excellent examples of nineteenth-century social satire in art and representative of a masterful comic artist's work."--First paragraph.Includes bibliographical reference

The Strict Application of the Restatement, Ohio Law and the Rules of Civil Procedure: Estates of Morgan v. Fairfield Family Counseling Center

Considered by some in the mental health profession as the imposition of an onerous duty, the Ohio Supreme Court\u27s decision in Estates of Morgan v. Fairfield Family Counseling Center represents an extension of the recognized legal duty imposed upon mental health practitioners who treat inpatients to those who treat outpatients. This created a uniform standard. The article begins in Part II by describing the story of a psychiatric patient, Matt Morgan. Part III then discusses the duty to control in the outpatient setting by going through traditional tort analysis, stare decisis, strict statutory application, and civil procedure. Part IV concludes the discussion by describing the importance of the Morgan decision. The authors believe that the Ohio Supreme Court\u27s decision in Morgan is both conservative and judicially sound. They posit that by using Tarasoff as a starting point rather than a destination, the Court avoided many of the dangers other courts have encountered in addressing psychotherapist negligence

The Release of Particles from GAC Filter-Adsorbers and Their Effect on Disinfection

Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) filter-adsorbers can be an effective process for the removal of organic compounds in the treatment of drinking water. They have also been shown to provide a favorable environment for microbial activity. A consequence of the attachment of microorganisms to the GAC surface is the release of particle-attached organisms into the product water of the filter-adsorbers. Previous research has shown that attachment of organisms to surfaces can provide a mode for microbial survival during disinfection. A pilot plant consisting of three GAC filter-adsorbers was constructed to examine the impact of GAC filtration, and its associated microbial growth, on product water quality. Of primary interest was the disinfection efficiency of microorganisms attached to particles released from the filter-adsorbers. The results indicated that the GAC filter-adsorbers produced extremely high quality water as measured by turbidity and gravimetric analysis. The filter-adsorbers shed a significant concentration of microorganisms (10,000 HPC/mL); however only a very small percentage of these organisms were found to be attached to particles (0.01 to 0.05%). In addition, organisms attached to particles were found to be effectively disinfected at chlorine dosages common to water treatment plants. Resistance to disinfection of attached organisms was only noticed in experiments conducted in solutions of particle concentrations unrealisitic of an actual drinking water treatment plant (> 1 mg/L particles).Master of Science in Environmental Engineerin

Immune response impairs learning in free-flying bumble-bees

Parasites can influence different host behaviours including foraging, mate choice and predator avoidance. Several recent papers have shown reduced learning abilities in infected insects. However, it is difficult to separate the effects of the immune response from the direct effects of the parasite. Using a free-flying learning paradigm, this paper shows that learning performance is impaired in bumble-bees (Bombus terrestris) that are not infected but whose immune system is stimulated non-pathogenically. This demonstrates that before it is assumed that a parasite has a direct effect on a host's behaviour, the effect of the immune response stimulated by the parasite must first be quantified

The impact of plasticizer and degree of hydrolysis on free volume of poly (vinyl alcohol) films

The effect of plasticizer species and the degree of hydrolysis (DH) on the free volume properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were studied using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Both glycerol and propylene glycol caused an increase in the free volume cavity radius, although exhibited distinct plasticization behavior, with glycerol capable of occupying existing free volume cavities in the PVA to some extent. The influence of water, normally present in PVA film under atmospheric conditions, was also isolated. Water added significantly to the measured free volume cavity radius in both plasticized and pure PVA matrices. Differences in plasticization behavior can be attributed to the functionality of each plasticizing additive and its hydrogen bonding capability. The increase in cavity radii upon plasticizer loading shows a qualitative link between the free volume of voids and the corresponding reduction in Tg and crystallinity. Cavity radius decreases with increasing DH, due to PVA network tightening in the absence of acetate groups. This corresponds well with the higher Tg observed in the resin with the higher DH. DH was also shown to impact the plasticization of PVA with glycerol, indicating that the larger cavities—created by the weaker hydrogen bonding acetate groups—are capable of accommodating glycerol molecules with negligible effect on the cavity dimensions

Public acceptance of disturbance-based forest management : a study of the attentive public in the Central Cascades Adaptive Management Area

Growing emphasis on ecosystem and landscape-level forest management across North America has spurred an examination of alternative management strategies which focus on emulating dynamic natural disturbance processes, particularly those associated with forest fire regimes. This topic is the cornerstone of research in the Blue River Landscape Study (BRLS) taking place in the Central Cascades Adaptive Management Area, located in the McKenzie River watershed of western Oregon. As scientists and managers involved with the BRLS work to unravel the ecological and economic implications of disturbance-based forest management, they must also consider the level of public acceptability for such an approach. Currently there is little information regarding what citizens know about disturbance-based management, their confidence in natural resource agencies to carry out this approach, and their overall level of support for it. This thesis summarizes research on public acceptability of using historical disturbance as a guide for future forest management. Specifically, it examines the perceptions of disturbance-based management held by members of the attentive public in McKenzie River watershed communities and the cities of Eugene and Springfield. The study is based upon responses to a mail questionnaire distributed to this group in the summer and fall of 2005. This questionnaire covered three broad categories: participants’ knowledge of forest management and ecosystem processes, their opinions about citizen-agency interactions, and their judgments about the use of disturbance-based management practices, including perceived risks and uncertainties associated with this approach. This study yielded several important findings. First, members of the attentive public in the McKenzie watershed have high levels of knowledge with respect to basic ecosystem management terms, and lower levels of knowledge about landscape-level disturbance processes. Knowledge of disturbance-based management techniques is also low, and terminology associated with this approach is not intuitive for citizens. Second, public confidence in agencies and the information they provide appears to be problematic, though McKenzie watershed citizens tend to trust local agency personnel more than agencies as institutions (e.g. federal or regional level). Third, respondents display cautious support of disturbance-based management, with several qualifications. These include emphasis on the need for projects based on sound science, transparent and inclusive decision-making processes, frank disclosure of risks and uncertainties associated with projects, and clear management objectives. Based on these findings, several recommendations can be made. First, acknowledge the important role that attentive citizens in McKenzie communities can play in making decisions about new management strategies, and engage them from the very beginning in decision-making processes. Second, objectives and rationale behind disturbance-based management approaches must be clarified for the public. Agencies can capitalize on the existing high level of basic knowledge of forests and ecosystem processes to cultivate understanding of disturbance-emulating techniques. Third, address issues of risk and uncertainty associated with a disturbance-based management approach. These issues are often primary factors in the public’s willingness to accept forest management practices, particularly those that are new and largely untested. Fourth and finally, focus on improving citizen-agency interactions, not just on a per-project basis, but as a central, long-term goal

Aircraft wing structure detail design

The provisions of this project call for the design of the structure of the wing and carry-through structure for the Viper primary trainer, which is to be certified as a utility category trainer under FAR part 23. The specific items to be designed in this statement of work were Front Spar, Rear Spar, Aileron Structure, Wing Skin, and Fuselage Carry-through Structure. In the design of these parts, provisions for the fuel system, electrical system, and control routing were required. Also, the total weight of the entire wing planform could not exceed 216 lbs. Since this aircraft is to be used as a primary trainer, and the SOW requires a useful life of 107 cycles, it was decided that all of the principle stresses in the structural members would be kept below 10 ksi. The only drawback to this approach is a weight penalty