Bioavailability of orange juice (poly)phenols: the impact of short-term cessation of training by male endurance athletes

Background: Physical exercise has been reported to increase the bioavailability of citrus flavanones. Objective: To investigate the bioavailability of orange juice (OJ) (poly)phenols in endurance-trained men before and after cessation of training for 7 days. Design: Ten fit endurance-trained males, with a maximal oxygen consumption of 58.2 ± 5.3 mL/kg/min, followed a low (poly)phenol diet for 2 d before drinking 500 mL of OJ, containing 398 µmol of (poly)phenols of which 330 µmol were flavanones. After the volunteers stopped training for 7 days the feeding study was repeated. Urine samples were collected 12 h pre- and 24 h post-OJ orange consumption. Bioavailability was assessed by the quantitative analysis of urinary flavanone metabolites and (poly)phenol catabolites using HPLC-HR-MS. Results: While training, 0-24 h urinary excretion of flavanone metabolites, mainly hesperetin-3-O-glucuronide, hesperetin-3´-sulfate, naringenin-4´-O-glucuronide, naringenin-7-O-glucuronide, was equivalent to 4.2% of OJ flavanone intake. This increased significantly to 5.2% when OJ was consumed after the volunteers stopped training for 7 days. Overall, this trend, although not significant, was also observed with OJ-derived colonic catabolites which after supplementation in the trained state were excreted in amounts equivalent to 51% of intake compared to 59% after cessation of training. However, urinary excretion of three colonic catabolites of bacterial origin, most notably, 3-(3´-hydroxy-4´-methoxyphenyl)hydracrylic acid, did increase significantly when OJ was consumed post- compared to pre-cessation of training. Data were also obtained on inter-individual variations in flavanone bioavailability. Conclusion: A 7-day cessation of endurance training enhanced, rather than reduced, the bioavailability of OJ flavanones. The biological significance of these differences and, whether or not they extend to the bioavailability of other dietary (poly)phenols, remains to be determined. Hesperetin-3´-O-glucuronide and the colonic microbiota-derived catabolite 3-(3´-hydroxy-4´-methoxyphenyl)hydracrylic acid are key biomarkers of the consumption of hesperetin-O-glycoside-containing OJ and other citrus products

Identification of plasma and urinary metabolites and catabolites derived from orange juice (poly)phenols: analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry

Orange juice is a rich source of (poly)phenols, in particular, the flavanones hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside and naringenin-7-O-rutinoside. Following the acute consumption of 500 mL of orange juice containing 398 μmol of (poly)phenols by 12 volunteers, 0–24 h plasma and urine samples were analyzed by targeted high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry in order to identify flavanone metabolites and phenolic acid and aromatic catabolites. A total of 19 flavanone metabolites—comprising di-O-glucuronide, O-glucuronide, O-glucuronyl-sulfate, and sulfate derivatives of hesperetin, naringenin, and eriodictyol—and 65 microbial-derived phenolic catabolites, such as phenylpropanoid, phenylpropionic, phenylacetic, benzoic, and hydroxycarboxylic acids and benzenetriol and benzoylglycine derivatives, including free phenolics and phase II sulfate, glucuronide, and methyl metabolites, were identified or partially identified in plasma and/or urine samples. The data obtained provide a detailed evaluation of the fate of orange juice (poly)phenols as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract and are absorbed into the circulatory system prior to renal excretion. Potential pathways for these conversions are proposed

Monitoring of grinding condition in drum mills based on resulting shaft torque

Grinding is the most energy-intensive process among all stages of raw material preparation and determines the course of subsequent ore beneficiation stages. Level of electricity consumption is determined in accordance with load characteristics forming as a result of ore destruction in the mill. Mill drum speed is one of process variables due to which it is possible to control ore destruction mechanisms when choosing speed operation mode of adjustable electric mill drive. This study on increasing energy efficiency due to using mill electric drive is based on integrated modelling of process equipment – grinding process and electromechanic equipment – electric drive of grinding process. Evaluating load torque by means of its decomposition into a spectrum, mill condition is identified by changing signs of frequency components of torque spectrum; and when studying electromagnetic torque of electric drive, grinding process is monitored. Evaluation and selection of efficient operation mode of electric drive is based on the obtained spectrum of electromagnetic torque. Research results showed that with increasing mill drum speed – increasing impact energy, load torque values are comparable for the assigned simulation parameters. From the spectra obtained, it is possible to identify mill load condition – speed and fill level. This approach allows evaluating the impact of changes in process variables of grinding process on parameters of electromechanical system. Changing speed operation mode will increase grinding productivity by reducing the time of ore grinding and will not lead to growth of energy consumption. Integration of digital models of the technological process and automated electric drive system allows forming the basis for developing integrated methods of monitoring and evaluation of energy efficiency of the entire technological chain of ore beneficiation

Двусторонний паротит как проявление аутоиммунного заболевания

The paper presents a clinical case of recurrent parotitis in a girl of 8 years during differential diagnosis, classified as Sjogren's syndrome in combination with autoimmune thyroiditis.Представлен клинический случай рецидивирующего двустороннего паротита у девочки 8 лет, классифицированного при проведении дифференциального диагноза как синдром Шегрена в сочетании с аутоиммунным тиреоидитом

Туляремия у детей

Among patients  with tularemia in Russia, children make up 15%. In the available literature, the description of tularemia in children is practically not found. The article provides two clinical examples of tularemia in children of different ages.A child aged 2 years with an ulcero-glandular  form had a primary affect, febrile fever for a week, regional lymphadenitis, inflammatory changes in the general blood test. The second child at the age of 8 years with a glandular form had a painful increase in the inguinal lymph node to the right, up to 4 cm without primary affect, febrile fever during the week. The diagnosis of tularemia was confirmed in both cases serologically  in the agglutination  test on the 19th and 6th days of the disease, respectively.The diagnosis of tularemia caused difficulties for doctors of different specialties (pediatrician, surgeon), which did not allow for the timely appointment of treatment. Etiotropic drug was amikacin.По данным российской статистики, среди больных туляремией дети составляют 15%. Между тем, в доступной литературе описания туляремии у детей практически не встречается. В статье приводятся два клинических примера туляремии у детей разного возраста.У ребенка в возрасте 2-х лет с ульцеро-гландулярной формой отмечался первичный аффект, фебрильная лихорадка в течении недели, регионарный лимфаденит, воспалительные изменения в общем анализе крови. У второго  ребенка в возрасте 8 лет с гландулярной формой отмечалось болезненное увеличение пахового лимфоузла справа до 4 см без первичного аффекта, фебрильная лихорадка в течении недели. Диагноз туляремии подтвержден в обоих случаях серологически в РА на 19-й и 6-й дни болезни соответственно.Диагноз туляремии вызвал затруднение у врачей разных специальностей (педиатра, хирурга), что не позволило своевременно назначить лечение. Этиотропным препаратом был амикацин

Effect of Bacteriophages and Gentamycine on Morphology and Vesicle Formation of Bacteria Yersinia pestis EV

Objective was to assess the effect of specific bacteriophages and gentamycine on the morphological-functional properties of bacteria in the vaccine strain Yersinia pestis EV.Materials and methods. The vaccine strain Y. pestis EV, Pokrovskaya bacteriophage and the pseudotuberculous diagnostic bacteriophage were used for the study. The microbial culture was grown on solid and in liquid growth media at 27 °C for 20–24 h. The co-incubation of bacteria and bacteriophage or gentamycine was carried out at 27 °C for 20 minutes or at 37 °C for 2 hours, respectively. Culture preparations were examined by transmission electron microscopy.Results and discussion. The influence of cultivation conditions and various stress factors on the vesicle production by the vaccine strain Y. pestis EV cells was evaluated. The nature and intensity of morphological-functional changes in Y. pestis EV cells in response to the effect of bacteriophages (plague Pokrovskaya and pseudotuberculous bacteriophages) or an antibiotic (gentamycine) were determined. It was established that co-incubation of Y. pestis EV with Pokrovskaya bacteriophage or gentamycine for 20 min leads to the increase in the production of extracellular vesicles and is accompanied by the development of degenerative changes in bacterial cells

Identification of enhanced IFN-γ signaling in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis with mass cytometry

Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is among the most challenging of the JIA subtypes to treat. Even with current biologic therapies, the disease remains difficult to control in a substantial subset of patients, highlighting the need for new therapies. The aim of this study was to use the high dimensionality afforded by mass cytometry with phospho-specific antibodies to delineate signaling abnormalities in immune cells from treatment-naive polyarticular JIA patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 17 treatment-naive polyarticular JIA patients, 10 of the patients after achieving clinical remission, and 19 healthy controls. Samples were stimulated for 15 minutes with IL-6 or IFN-γ and analyzed by mass cytometry. Following IFN-γ stimulation, increased STAT1 and/or STAT3 phosphorylation was observed in subsets of CD4 T cells and classical monocytes from treatment-naive patients. The enhanced IFN-γ signaling was associated with increased expression of JAK1 and SOCS1 in CD4 T cells. Furthermore, substantial heterogeneity in surface marker expression was observed among the subsets of CD4 T cells and classical monocytes with increased IFN-γ responsiveness. The identification of enhanced IFN-γ signaling in CD4 T cells and classical monocytes from treatment-naive polyarticular JIA patients provides mechanistic support for investigations into therapies that attenuate IFN-γ signaling in this disease

ТУЛЯРЕМИЯ КАК ПРИЧИНА ЛИМФАДЕНОПАТИЙ У ВЗРОСЛЫХ И ДЕТЕЙ

Objective: to study the clinical and epidemiological features of tularemia to identify its differences from other diseases. flowing with lymphadenopathy. Materials and methods The study included patients living in the Kirov region undergoing tularemia from 2012 to 2018. For the laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis of tularemia used agglutination with tularemia antigen and a method of solid phase ELISA. The results Among the patients were dominated by citizens (63.4%). All cases were recorded in the summer. Infection usually occurred during the bites of flying insects. The most common manifestations of the disease were fever and lymphadenitis. Among the clinical forms prevailed ulcero – glandular (71,7%). The correct diagnosis at the prehospital stage is exhibited only in 28.6% of patients. Conclusion Tularemia remains an actual natural focal infection. To reduce the incidence of disease, it is necessary to increase the volume of vaccination of the population and regularly improve the knowledge of physicians with regard to endemic infections in the region.Цель: изучить клинико-эпидемиологические особенности туляремии для выявления ее отличий от других заболеваний, протекающих с лимфаденопатией. Материалы и методы: в исследование были включены пациенты, проживающие в Кировской области, перенесшие туляремию с 2012 по 2018 г. Для лабораторного подтверждения диагноза туляремии использовали реакцию агглютинации с туляремийным диагностикумом и метод твердофазного ИФА. Результаты: среди заболевших преобладали горожане (63,4%). Все случаи заболевания регистрировались в летнее время года. Заражение обычно происходило при укусах летающих насекомых. Самыми распространенными проявлениями заболевания были: лихорадка и лимфаденит. Среди клинических форм преобладала ульцеро-гландулярная (71,7%). Правильный диагноз на догоспитальном этапе выставляется только у 28,6% пациентов. Заключение: туляремия остается актуальной природно-очаговой инфекцией. Для снижения заболеваемости необходимо увеличить объемы вакцинации населения и регулярно совершенствовать знания медиков в отношении эндемичных инфекций региона