Uticaj meteoroloških uslova na važnije kvantitativne i kvalitativne osobine heljde (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

The results of two-year investigations of buckwheat raised in agroecological conditions of South Banat (Pančevo) and West Serbia (Gorobilje) are presented in the paper. Based on the obtained investigation data, we confirm the hypothesis that buckwheat is a plant suited to more humid regions, since we have determined higher yield of the plant on locations with higher precipitation amount. During 1999, the yield of buckwheat was higher at the location in Pančevo and the next year at the location in Gorobilje. Also, in the year 2000, values of average plant height, number of seeds per plant and seed mass per plant were higher at the location in Gorobilje, whereas in the year 1999 (first year of investigation), which from the aspect of climatic conditions could be considered as optimal, plant yield and all other investigated parameters were better in case of buckwheat originating from the location in Pančevo. In the year 2000, in regard to the seed proportionally medium fractions were more present, which is, among other things, the result of the influence of higher precipitation amount. In regard to the exploitation value of the seed, better germination was registered for seed produced in 2000 (at both locations), although it had lower mass compared to the seed produced in 1999. Blossoming (blooming) in the first study year at both locations started 5 to 7 days earlier compared to the second year of investigations and lasted 5 to 8 days longer. On the other hand, in the second year of investigations at both locations harvesting started 10 to 12 days earlier compared to the previous year.Prikazani su rezultati dvogodišnjeg ispitivanja heljde gajene u agroekološkim uslovima Južnog Banata (Pančevo) i Zapadne Srbije (Gorobilje). Na osnovu dobijenih podataka istraživanja potvrđuje se hipoteza da je heljda biljka humidnijih rejona, jer je prinos veći na lokalitetima koji su bili bogatiji padavinama, tako je 1999. godine prinos veći na lokalitetu u Pančevu, a naredne godine u Gorobilju. Isto tako, u 2000. godini prosečna visina biljaka, broj semena po biljci i masa semena po biljci bili su veći u Gorobilju dok su u 1999. godini (prvoj godini istraživanja), koja je sa klimatskog stanovišta bila optimalna prinos, i svi drugi ispitivani pokazatelji bili bolji u Pančevu. U 2000. godini bile su u semenu procentualno više zastupljene srednje frakcije što je između ostalog rezultat uticaja većih količina padavina. Kada je u pitanju upotrebna vrednost semena bolje je klijalo seme proizvedeno u 2000. godini (na oba lokaliteta) iako je imalo manju masu u odnosu na seme proizvedeno 1999. godine. Cvetanje je u prvoj godini istraživanja na oba lokaliteta počelo 5-7 dana ranije u odnosu na drugu godinu i trajalo je vremenski duže 5-8 dana. S druge strane, žetva je u drugoj godini na oba lokaliteta bila ranija u odnosu na prvu 10-12 dana

Varijabilnost važnijih osobina semena nevena u odnosu na genotip i klimatske uslove

The results of the two-year comparative research of qualitative and quantitative traits of marigold seed of different genotypes in regard to the standard cultivar were analyzed. The highest yield of seed in both study years was registered in genotype "King orange", and the lowest in genotype "R". Concerning the quality of seed, that is, germination energy and total germination, the best results were established for genotype "King orange" and the poorest for genotype "R" in both study years. The highest absolute mass was registered in domestic cultivar "Domestic orange". Climatic conditions had great influence on yield and quality of marigold seed. In the first study year, with 2.5 times higher water sediment during the vegetation period, seed yield in all genotypes was higher compared to the second study year. Also, absolute mass of seed of all genotypes was higher in the first study year. However, germination energy and total germination for all genotypes was better in the second year, when the sum of temperatures during the vegetation period was 3758°C compared to the first year when the sum of temperatures recorded was 3523°C.Analizirani su rezultati dvogodišnjeg uporedog istraživanja kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih osobina semena više genotipova nevena u odnosu na standardnu sortu. Najveći prinos semena u obe eksperimentalne godine zabeležen je kod genotipa ²King orange² a najmanji kod genotipa ²R². U pogledu kvaliteta semena, odnosno energije klijanja i ukupnog klijanja, najbolje rezultate dao je genotip ²King orange² a najslabije genotip ²R² u obe godine istraživanja. Najveću apsolutnu masu imalo je seme standardne sorte ²Domaći oranž². Klimatski uslovi imali su velikog uticaja na prinos i kvalitet semena nevena. Tako je u prvoj godini istraživanja, kada je u vegetacionom periodu bilo 2,5 puta više vodenog taloga, prinos semena svih genotipova bio veći u odnosu na drugu godinu. Takođe, i apsolutna masa semena svih genotipova bila je veća u prvoj godini istraživanja. Međutim, energija klijanja i ukupno klijanje bili su kod svih genotipova bolji u drugoj godini istraživanja kada je suma temperatura u vegetacionom periodu bila 3758°C, u odnosu na prvu godinu istraživanja kada je ista suma iznosila 3523°C

Uticaj starosti semena heljde na njegov kvalitet

The effect of buckwheat seed storage duration on major indices of the quality was analyzed. Seed collected in 1996 and stored for 30 days (analyzed in 1996), seed stored for one year (analyzed in 1997), seed stored for two years (analyzed in 1998), seed stored for three years (analyzed in 1999) seed stored for four years (analyzed in 2000), seed stored for five years (analyzed in 2001) and seed stored for six years (analyzed in 2002) were investigated. The results of investigation have shown that seed stored up to two years had preserved its good production traits. Seed stored longer than two years have shown poor quality traits, and seed stored over three years could not be used - its production traits (germination energy and total germination) confirmed that such seed could not be used for planting. Seed stored over five years, regardless of storage conditions, had no qualitative traits, and therefore no value. It was also observed that longer storage duration induced decrease of seed mass. In regard to fractions, it was observed that smaller fractions lost their quality more quickly than medium fractions.Analiziran je uticaj dužine čuvanja, odnosno starosti semena heljde na najvažnije parametre njegovog kvaliteta. Ispitivano je seme sakupljeno 1996. godine i to staro 30 dana (ispitivano 1996. godine), staro jednu godinu (ispitivano 1997. godine), staro dve godine (ispitivano 1998. godine), staro tri godine (ispitivano 1999. godine), staro četiri godine (ispitivano 2000. godine), staro pet godina (ispitivano 2001. godine) i staro šest godina (ispitivano 2002. godine). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je seme starosti do dve godine zadržalo dobre proizvodne osobine. Seme starije od dve godine brzo je gubilo kvalitet, te ono starije od tri godine više nije bilo za upotrebu, odnosno njegove proizvodne osobine (energija klijanja i ukupno klijanje) su toliko oslabile da ono više nije bilo za setvu. Seme staro pet i više godina bez obzira na odgovarajuće uslove čuvanja nema više nikakvih kvalitativnih osobina pa samim tim ni upotrebnu vrednost. Primećeno je da se sa dužinom čuvanja smanjuje i masa semena. Kada su u pitanju frakcije zapaža se da sitna frakcija najbrže gubi kvalitet, a da ga srednja najduže zadržava

Small and medium enterprises as development factor of agribusiness in Republic of Serbia

Development of strong and competitive sector of small and medium enterprises has very important role in process of total transition in Republic of Serbia. This sector should be one of the guidelines of economical development and future, like in developed countries. Within the Strategy of development of SME and entrepreneurship in Republic of Serbia from 2003 to 2008 government of the Republic of Serbia, not accidentally, placed among many sectors which are expected to contribute and boost economical development, increase the employment rate, and realize increased influx of means deriving from export, the priority is on sector of processing of agricultural products. It can be concluded that significant contribution from agriculture to improvement of total economical situation is expected. Accession to EU should be considered primarily not only as the opportunity but serious task in regard to restructuring of the agriculture. However, impeding circumstance,in regard to export ofagricultural-foodproducts,first ofallto EU countries, isthefact that thismarket is under strict protective measures within the policy of agriculture and measures of agrarian protectionism. In such conditions it is very difficult for producers and processors of food to enter such closed markets. Small and medium enterprises are facing the choice of the business strategy: – to place the existing product on current market; – to place the existing product on new markets, including export; – to sell the new product on existing market; – to place the new product on new markets, including export. Therefore, based on analysis of domestic market, volume and structure of import and export of agricultural and food products, as well as analysis of food industry and agricultural production in Serbia, it is necessary to define potential programs for small and medium enterprises with production which could be economically efficient and profitable from the aspect of investment

Uporedo ispitivanje pojedinih osobina životne sposobnosti semena gajene i samonikle lincure sa više lokaliteta

Results of the laboratory study of the quality of gentian seed are analyzed in this paper. Seed originated from wild and grown plants from Zlatibor Mountain (approx. 1000 m above sea level) collected in the third decade of August 2006 and from wild and grown gentian plants around Ivanjica (approx. 1030 m above sea level) collected also in the third decade of August 2006, as well as from grown plants in the Tara Mountain (approx. 1000 m above sea level) collected during the same period. The effects of cooling (90 days at 40°C) and moistening and cooling (90 days at 40°C) on germination energy (GE) and total germination of seed (TG) were observed. The origin of the seed (if it comes from grown or wild plant) had influence on both investigated traits, and grown seed had slightly better germination energy and higher total germination compared to seed of wild plants. On the location in Tara we had no seed from wild plants so no comparison was possible. The location also demonstrated significant effect on traits of ability for living, so wild seed from Zlatibor was of higher quality than the one collected in the vicinity of Ivanjica. In regard to seed from grown gentian the highest quality was determined in seed grown in Zlatibor Mountain, than Tara, and the poorest germination traits were exhibited by seed grown around Ivanjica. The variant with moistening and cooling of seed regardless of the location and origin possessed better germination energy and total germination compared to seed that has only been cooled, and especially in regard to the control (no cooling).U radu su analizirani rezultati laboratorijskog ispitivanja kvaliteta semena lincure. Seme je bilo poreklom od samoniklih i gajenih biljaka sa Zlatibora (oko 1000 m nadmorske visine) sakupljeno u trećoj dekadi avgusta 2006. godine, od samoniklih i gajenih biljaka lincure iz okoline Ivanjice (oko 1030 m nadmorske visine) sakupljeno takođe u trećoj dekadi avgusta 2006. godine, kao i od gajenih biljaka sa planine Tare (oko 1000 m nadmorske visine) sakupljeno u istom periodu. 1 Dr Radosav Jevđović, naučni saradnik, Institut za proučavanje lekovitog bilja "Dr Josif Pančić ", 11000, Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, Srbija 2 Dr Radojka Maletić, vanredni profesor, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd-Zemun, 11081, Nemanjina 6, Srbija R. Jevđović and Radojka Maletić Posmatran je uticaj hlađenja (90 dana na 40°C) i kvašenja i hlađenja (90 dana na 40°C) na energiju klijanja (EK) i ukupno klijanje (UK) semena. Poreklo semena (gajeno ili samoniklo) imalo je uticaja na obe ispitivane osobine pa je gajeno seme imalo nešto bolju energiju klijanja i veću ukupnu klijavost od semena samoniklih biljaka. Sa Tare nismo imali seme samoniklih biljaka pa ovde poređenje nije pravljeno. Lokalitet je ispoljio značajan uticaj na osobine životne sposobnosti tako da je samoniklo seme sa Zlatibora bilo kvalitetnije od onog iz okoline Ivanjice. Kod semena gajene lincure najkvalitetnije je bilo seme gajeno na Zlatiboru, zatim na Tari, a najlošije osobine klijavosti ispoljilo je seme gajeno u okolini Ivanjice. Varijanta sa kvašenjem i hlađenjem semena bez obzira na lokalitet i poreklo, imala je bolju energiju klijanja i ukupno klijanje od semena koje je samo hlađeno, a naročito u odnosu na kontrolu (nehlađeno)

Vreme setve - faktor prinosa i kvaliteta semena piskavice (Trigonella foenum graecum L.)

Results of a two-year investigation (2005 and 2006) for the yield and quality of fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) obtained on the location in South Banat (around Pančevo) on marsh dark soil are presented in the paper. Fenugreek seed used in this investigation was produced in the collection of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Research "Dr Josif Pančić" in Pančevo. The effect of sowing date on yield (kg/ha) and quality of fenugreek seed (germination energy and total germination) were investigated. Sowing was carried out on seven dates, 10 days between dates of each sowing. Yield of fenugreek seed sowed on different dates differed in both years. Sowing carried out in the first two weeks in April resulted in considerably higher yield compared to sowing at the end of April and during May. The highest yield was produced in the second sowing date from April 10, then in the first (April 1) and the third sowing period (April 20). The lowest yield of fenugreek seed was recorded in sowing carried out at the end of May. Yield of fenugreek seed wasn't significantly different in study years. Earlier dates of sowing resulted in seed of better quality (better germination energy and total germination). In the second sowing date fenugreek seed obtained was of best germination energy and total germination (approx. 99%). Later sowing dates gave seed of lower quality. So, sowing carried out at the end of May resulted in seed with the lowest value of germination energy and total germination (approx. 91%).U radu su prikazani rezultati dvogodišnjih istraživanja (2005. i 2006. god.) prinosa i kvaliteta semena piskavice (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) dobijenog na lokalitetu regiona Južnog Banata (okolina Pančeva) na zemljištu tipa ritska crnica. Za istraživanje je korišćeno seme piskavice koje se umnožava u kolekciji Instituta za proučavanje lekovitog bilja "Dr Josif Pančić" u Pančevu. Proučavan je uticaj vremena setve na prinos (kg/ha) i kvalitet semena piskavice (energija klijanja i ukupno klijanje). Setva je obavljena u sedam rokova, sa razmakom od 10 dana između rokova. Prinos semena piskavice se razlikovao po rokovima setve u obe eksperimentalne godine. Setva obavljena u prvoj polovini aprila meseca je dala znatno veći prinos u odnosu na setvu krajem aprila i tokom maja meseca. Najveći prinos je ostvaren u drugom terminu setve od 10.04, zatim prvom (01.04.) i trećem periodu setve (20.04.). Najmanji prinos semena je izmeren u setvi krajem maja meseca. Prinos semena piskavice nije se značajno razlikovao između eksperimentalnih godina. Raniji termini setve dali su seme boljeg kvaliteta (bolja energija klijanja i ukupno klijanje). Iz drugog termina setve dobijeno je seme piskavice najbolje energije klijanja i ukupne klijavosti (oko 99%). Sa kasnijom setvom kvalitet semena se znatno smanjuje. Tako je setva krajem maja meseca dala seme najniže vrednosti energije klijanja i ukupne klijavosti (oko 91%)

Proizvodni kapaciteti porodičnih poljoprivrednih gazdinstava Srbije i zemalja EU

The analysis of the production capacities of family farms holds an important place in an effort to perceive the economic and social factors which are important for their development. The agriculture of the Republic of Serbia and the agricultures of the countries in the region have a similar trait consisted in the participation of a large number of small estate farms. The ownership structure of family farms is one of the key factors of agricultural business efficiency. In the conditions of small-estate ownership structure, small farm area is a limiting factor in the application of contemporary agrotechnical measures. Apart from crop production, livestock fund has also had negative results per hectare of used area in the process of transition in the Republic of Serbia. It is reflected on the low level of agricultural productivity, as well as on the negative financial results of the farms. The paper provides a comparison between the family farms production capacities and the EU-28 countries, in order to be able to take necessary and timely measures and to reform and structurally adjust the agrarian sector to the demands of the EU.U sagledavanju ekonomskih i socijalnih faktora bitnih za razvoj porodičnih gazdinstava od posebnog značaja je analiza njihovih proizvodnih kapaciteta. Poljoprivreda Republike Srbije i poljoprivreda zemalja u okruženju imaju zajedničko svojstvo koje se ogleda u učešću velikog broja gazdinstava sa malim posedom. Posedovna struktura gazdinstava je jedan od ključnih faktora efikasnosti poslovanja poljoprivrede. U uslovima sitnosopstveničke strukture, mala veličina poseda je ograničavajući faktor u primeni savremenih agrotehničkih mera. Pored biljne proizvodnje u procesu tranzicije Republike Srbije, i stočni fond beleži negativne rezultate po hektaru korišćene površine. To se odražava na nizak nivo produktivnosti poljoprivredne proizvodnje, kao i negativno na finansijski rezultat gazdinstva. U radu je upoređivan proizvodni kapacitet porodičnih gazdinstava sa zemljama EU-28 kako bi se na vreme preuzele neophodne mere i sektor agrara reformisao i strukturno prilagodio zahtevima EU

DEA pristup rangiranju opština prema efikasnosti MSP u agrobiznisu Srbije

The most important aspect of any business is efficiency. The goal is to achieve a greater output results using less inputs, i.e. to maximize the use of available inputs. Numerous mathematical and statistical procedures, such as DEA technique (Data Envelopment Analysis), take an important place in the process of the effective management of the company and its business activities. This paper illustrated the application of DEA technique in assessing the business efficiency of SMEs in agribusiness in Vojvodina Measuring the efficiency of business operations of SMEs is based on the values of the following indicators: fixed assets, working capital, number of companies, number of employees, total income, profit and loss. The data used to calculate the values of indicators of business efficiency were obtained from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, based on the annual accounts of SMEs in agribusiness for four-year average (2008-2011). The aim of this paper is statistical assessment of business efficiency of SMEs in agribusiness using DEA technique, and then, based on the results obtained, to perform the ranking of Vojvodina municipalities in which observed SMEs were located, and finally, based on 4 models, to show sensitivity of DEA technique compared to different combination of input / output indicators, so therefore, caution is needed when this method is used. If the combination of parameters in the model is better, the results are more realistic, since if a key parameter is omitted, wrong decisions could be made.Najvažniji aspekt svakog poslovanja jeste efikasnost. Cilj je da se uz što manje ulaze postignu što veći izlazni rezultati, tj. raspoloživi ulazi maksimalno iskoriste. Brojne matematičko-statističke procedure, poput tehnike DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) analize, zauzimaju značajno mesto u procesu merenja efikasnog upravljanja preduzećima i njegovim aktivnostima. U radu je ilustrovana primena DEA tehnike u oceni efikasnosti poslovanja MSP u agrobiznisu u Vojvodine. Merenje efikasnosti poslovanja malih i srednjih preduzeća se zasniva na vrednostima sledećih pokazatelja: stal na imovina, obrtna sredstva, broj firmi, broj zaposlenih, ukupan prihod, dobit i gubitak. Podaci koji se koriste za izračunavanje vrednosti pokazatelja efikasnosti poslovanja dobijeni su iz Zavoda za Statistiku, a na osnovu završnih računa MSP u agrobiznisu za četvrogodišnji prosek (2008-2011 god.). Cilj istraživanja ovog rada je, najpre statističko ocenjivanje efikasnosti poslovanja MSP u agrobiznisu primenom DEA tehnike, a zatim da se na osnovu dobijenih rezultata izvrši rangiranje opština Vojvodine kojima pripadaju posmatrana MSP i najzad da se na osnovu 4 modela pokaže koliko je DEA tehnika osetljiva metodologija na promenu kombinacija ulazno/izlaznih indikatora, zbog čega se mora biti vrlo obazriv u primeni iste. Što je kombinacija parametara u modelu bolja to su i rezultati realniji, jer ako se izostavi neki ključan parametar mogu se doneti pogrešne odluke

Regionalni aspekt razvoja MSP agrobiznisa u Srbiji - šansa za smanjenje nezaposlenosti

Changes of the political and economic concept initiated during the 1980s and still ongoing have significantly altered the strategy of agribusiness development. The direction has switched from the development of the agro-industrial complex that is focused on socialization of agriculture and creation of large corporate business systems towards a completely opposite concept, which implies privatization and development of small and medium enterprises. Current state of small and medium size agricultural entrepreneurship in Serbia is far below its potential and below satisfactory. Underused economic potential of agriculture is a great opportunity for the development of both SMEs and the agribusiness. The ranking of districts based on the prominence level of examined parameters will enable a formation of related groups and a determination of similarities or differences in the observed regions. In this study, we used cluster analysis to determine how the districts in Serbia are grouped according to development level of small and medium agribusiness enterprises in order to obtain insight into the current state of regional development of this sector, as well as into the possibility for developing the least developed regions in Serbia. Cluster analysis yielded five homogeneous groups, whereby each cluster has its own special characteristics in terms of prominence of certain observed indicators.Promene političkog i ekonomskog koncepta koje su započete osamdesetih godina prošlog veka i traju do današnjeg dana bitno su promenile strategiju razvoja agrobiznisa. Sa koncepta razvoja agroindustrijskog kompleksa usmerenog ka podruštvljavanju poljoprivrede i stvaranju korporativnih velikih poslovnih sistema, prešlo se na sasvim suprotni koncept, odnosno privatizaciju i razvoj malih i srednjih preduzeća. Nivo razvijenosti malog i srednjeg preduzetništva u poljoprivredi Republike Srbije je daleko ispod mogućeg i zadovoljavajućeg. Veliku šansu za mala i srednja preduzeća, a samim tim i za razvoj agrobiznisa, predstavlja nedovoljno iskorišćeni ekonomski potencijal koji poseduje poljoprivreda. Rangiranje okruga prema stepenu ispoljenosti ispitivanih pokazatelja omogućiće formiranje srodnih grupa, te definisanje sličnosti ili razlike posmatranih regiona. Klaster analiza je metod koji će utvrditi kako se grupišu okruzi u Republici Srbiji prema nivou razvijenosti malih i srednjih preduzeća iz oblasti agrobiznisa i tako dobiti uvid u trenutno stanje regionalne razvijenosti ovog sektora, te mogućnosti razvoja najnerazvijenijih područja u Srbiji. Analizom grupisanja izdvojeno je pet homogenih grupa okruga, pri čemu svaki klaster ima specifičnosti u pogledu izraženosti pojedinih od posmatranih indikatora

Uticaj genotipa na prinos i kvalitet uskolisne bokvice (plantago lanceolata)

The preliminary results of a two-year comparative investigation of two genotypes of ribwort-plantain in the agroecological conditions of west Serbia (Gorobilje), south Banat (Pančevo) are given. Genotype originating from the international exchange (marked with 'D') was compared with 'domestic' genotype which has been raised at the Medicinal Plants Research Institute 'Dr Josif Pančić', Belgrade, for more than ten years. Both genotypes have been monitored during two years of the research - 1998 and 1999. 'D' genotype is more early growing than 'domestic' genotype. That earliness is about one month in both years of the research. This genotype has broader leaves but is more susceptible to plant diseases. 'Domestic' genotype is higher yielding and its yield is less influenced by growing conditions. The differences in dry lief yield range up to 50% in favour of 'domestic' genotype. This genotype has much higher content of basic active matter aucubin.Dati su preliminarni rezultati dvogodišnjeg uporednog ispitivanja (1998. i 1999. godine) dva genotipa uskolisne bokvice u agroekološkim uslovima zapadne Srbije (Gorobilje) i južnog Banata (Pančevo). Genotip koji potiče iz međunarodne razmene (označen šifrom 'D') upoređivan je sa genotipom 'domaća' koji se više od deset godina gaji u Institutu za proučavanje lekovitog bilja 'Dr Josif Pančić', Beograd. Genotip 'D' je znatno ranostasniji od genotipa 'domaća'. Ta ranostasnost kreće se oko mesec dana u obe godine istraživanja. Ovaj genotip ima krupnije listove ali i veću sklonost oboljenju od biljnih bolesti. Genotip 'domaća' je znatno prinosniji i kod njega na visinu prinosa manje utiču uslovi gajenja. Razlike u visini prinosa suvih listova kreću se i do 50% u korist genotipa 'domaća'. Ovaj genotip ima i znatno veći sadržaj osnovne aktivne materije aukubina. Genotip 'D' je ispoljio velike oscilacije sadržaja aukubina i prinosa suvih listova i po godinama i po lokalitetima