Analysis of Genetic Relationship Among 11 Iranian Ethnic Groups with Bayesian Multidimensional Scaling Using HLA Class II Data

Background: The key feature of Bayesian methods is their lack of dependence on defaults necessary for classical statistics. Because of the high volume of simulation, Bayesian methods have a high degree of accuracy. They are efficient in data mining and analyzing large volumes of data, and can be upgraded by entering new data. Objective: We used Bayesian multidimensional scaling (MDS) to analyze the genetic relationships among 11 Iranian ethnic groups based on HLA class II data. Method: Allele frequencies of three HLA loci from 816 unrelated individuals belonging to 11 Iranian ethnic groups were analyzed by Bayesian MDS using R and WinBUGS software. Results: like the results of correspondence analysis as a prototype of classical MDS analysis, the results of Bayesian MDS also showed Arabs from Famur, Balochis, Zoroastrians and Jews to be separate from other Iranian ethnic groups. Decreases stress in Bayesian MDS method compared to classical method revealed the accuracy of Bayesian MDS for HLA data analyses. Conclusion: This study reports the first application of Bayesian multidimensional scaling to HLA data analysis with Nei's DA genetic distances. Stress reduction in Bayesian MDS compared to classical MDS showed that the Bayesian approach can improve the accuracy of genetic data analysis

Verification of reported chief complaints about the injuries in Tehran road accidents from pre-hospital emergency, year 2010-2011

Abstract:   Introduction: According to international statistics, road accidents in Iran are 20 times more than world’s average. Because of the necessity of correct valuation of chief complaints in treatment services management and also considering this point that there is no survey about this subject on Iran till now, so this study has verified the valuation of chief complaints caused by traffic events in pre-hospital section of Tehran in years 89 and 90.   Methods: This is a cross-sectional study for survey of reported chief complaint about the injuries in Tehran road accidents from pre-hospital emergency, belongs to year 1389-90.   Results: Totally there is just %30 valid data for age and gender. Mean and standard deviation of age is 31.54 and 14.3. All valid data includes % 81.7 meals and %18.3 females. Furthermore in all data there is just %1.5 valid recoded data for chief complaint. Trauma _without consider to part of body_ is the most chief complaint. Multiple traumas has mostly accompanied by nausea and bleeding, trauma to lower limbs by bleeding and movement disorder and trauma to head and neck ,beside the high rate of bleeding, has been associated with nausea and dizziness.   Conclusion: In general, the results indicate a significant effect of age, sex and place of emergency in the chief complaint. Complaints of Lethargy and then nausea are more associated to older people and also trauma to the upper limbs is more for people age 25 to 30 years. Men also suffer more severe than women. All those who have suffered amputation, internal bleeding and genitourinary damaging, have been male. In this way, all those who have been impaired consciousness before the accident, have been male. Trauma to the pelvis and complained of dizziness have occurred significantly in rural road accident.     Keywords: chief complaint, road accident, pre-hospital emergency syste

2015 Estimation of Hospitals Safety from Disasters in I.R.Iran: The Results from the Assessment of 421 Hospitals.

Iran's health system has developed a Farsi edition of the Hospital Safety Index (HSI) and has integrated the related assessment program into the health information system. This article presents the results of the 2015 estimation of hospital safety from disasters in I.R.Iran using HSI.We analyzed data from 421 hospitals that had submitted a complete HSI assessment form on the Ministry of Health and Medical Education Portal System. Data collection was based on the self-assessments of the hospital disaster committees. HSI includes 145 items categorized in three components including, structural, non-structural and functional capacity. For each item, safety status was categorized into three levels: not safe (0), average safety (1) and high safety (2). A normalized scoring scheme on a 100-point scale was developed. Hospitals were classified to three safety classes according to their normalized total score: low (≤34.0), average (34.01-66.0) and high (>66.0).The average score of all safety components were 43.0 out of 100 (± 11.0). Eighty-two hospitals (19.4%) were classified as not safe, and 339 hospitals (80.6%) were classified in the average safety category. No hospital was placed in the high safety category. Average safety scores were 41.0, 47.0, and 42.0 for functional capacity, non-structural safety, and structural safety respectively. The average safety score increased between 2012 and 2015, from 34.0 to 43.0.Hospital safety in the event of disasters has improved in Iran in recent years and more hospitals have joined the HSI program. This is a result of continuous efforts invested in capacity building programs and promotion of the 2012 HSI estimation. The HSI should be maintained to monitor the progress of Iran's health system in regards to hospital safety in the case of disasters. It is recommended that WHO continue advocacy of HSI, establish a HSI monitoring system, and add it to country profiles on WHO website

FSHI dashboard posted in office of Health Deputy Minister.

<p>FSHI dashboard posted in office of Health Deputy Minister.</p

Trend of hospital disaster safety in I.R.Iran from 2012 to 2015, based on Farsi Hospital Safety Index.

<p>Trend of hospital disaster safety in I.R.Iran from 2012 to 2015, based on Farsi Hospital Safety Index.</p

Components of hospital safety in Farsi Hospital Safety Index.

<p>Components of hospital safety in Farsi Hospital Safety Index.</p

Average safety score of functional capacity for disasters in 421 of Iran’s hospitals, 2015.

<p>Average safety score of functional capacity for disasters in 421 of Iran’s hospitals, 2015.</p

Disaster safety score in terms of A) functional capacity, B) non-structural safety, and C) structural safety in 421 of Iran’s hospitals, 2015.

<p>Disaster safety score in terms of A) functional capacity, B) non-structural safety, and C) structural safety in 421 of Iran’s hospitals, 2015.</p