Phytotoxic effect of chrome liquor on growth and chlorophyll content of Spirodela polyrrhiza L. Schleid

The present study assessed the tolerance of Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid (giant duckweed) exposed to different concentrations (5% -100%) of chrome liquor for 7 days. Physiological conditions of S.polyrrhizaplants were monitored daily by measuring fresh weight and chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. Fresh biomass of Spirodela plant showed concentration and duration dependent reduction with minimum value (5.71 g) reported on 7 d at 100% tannery effluent concentration. Likewise, significant reduction in chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b content wasobserved in concentration-duration dependent manner with maximum reduction reported to be 99.8% and 99.6% respectively on 7 d at 100% effluent concentration in comparison to control

Impact of tannery effluent on germination of various varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The present study has been focused on the impact of tannery effluent on germination pattern of ten varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum).The physico-chemical analysis of the tannery effluents showed that it had high salinity (45.97 ppt) and an acidic pH (3.61). For screening test, a setup with various concentrations of tannery effluent (4.5%, 9%, 13.5%and 18%) was prepared in petri plates to check the impact of tannery effluent on various varieties of wheat. Among ten varieties, PBW-343 and HS-365 showed better performance at 4.5% tannery effluentand considered to be more tolerant, whereas HS -295 was the most sensitive to tannery effluent treatment

Effect of influent load fluctuation on the efficiency of vertical constructed wetlands treating dairy farm wastewater

Three vertical sub-surface flow (VSSF) constructed wetland (CW) systems (CW-1, CW-2 and CW-3) filled with different filter media, each 4 m2 in area, planted with Arundo donax was operated for 4 years for treating dairy farm wastewater. The vertical CW systems received high fluctuations in influent concentration and loads i.e. BOD (26 to 619 mg L-1 and 1.5 to 34 g m-2 d-1), TSS (165 to 643 mg L-1 and 9.1 to 24 g m-2 d-1), TP (16 to 49.9 mg L-1 and 1.2 to 2.7 g m-2 d-1) and NH4-N (24.5 to 76.2 mg L-1 and 1.3 to 4.2 g m-2 d-1) during the assessment period. Average annual removal rates showed fluctuations in removal of BOD (70.5 to 92.9%), TSS (82.5 to 97.5%), TP (51.1 to 91.9%) and NH4-N (34.6 to 69%). This shows that the removal of BOD is very sensitive to inlet load fluctuations in CWs. High inlet loads may confine good nitrification that affects ammonium-nitrogen removal while TP removal rate reduced when inlet TP loads reduced. The average concentration of the pollutants (BOD, TSS, TP and NH4-N) in the treated effluent showed noticeable decrease: 43.4 to 16.1 mg L-1 for BOD; 43.3 to 11.7 mg L-1 for TSS; 17.9 to 3.1 mg L-1 for TP and 33.2 to 22.7 mg L-1 for NH4-N. Thus from the outcomes of the current study, it can be concluded that the VSSF CW system may provide promising outcomes despite there is fluctuations in the influent loads

16.MDI

Abstract The study has been focused on effect of untreated distillery effluent (Devans Breweries Ltd., Jammu) on germination of gobi sarson (Brassica napus. L. var. Punjabi Special). Six treatments (E 0…. E 100 ) each having three replicates were made. E 0 was taken as control in which tap water was used for irrigation of the plants. For E 20, E 40, E 60, E 80 and E 100 , different concentrations i.e. 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of effluent were used for irrigation, respectively. The 100% sample of distillery effluent analyzed for various physicochemical parameters showed acidic nature (pH 4.0) and higher values of COD (2496 mg l ). The parameters e.g. percent germination, germination index, speed of germination, and peak value were highest in treatment receiving 20% effluent concentration which also showed minimum values for percent inhibition, germination period, and delay index

Resource Utilization Pattern with Special Reference to Fodder and Fuel in Village Shahdarah Sharief, District Rajouri (J&K)

ABSTRAcT The present study was conducted to understand fodder and fuel utilization pattern in village Shahdarah Sharief, Rajouri, India. The common fodder types used were green fodder, top feeds, crop residues and tree leaves. The green fodder consumption was found to be highest (16.83 kg/ day/family) while top feed was least utilized (1.10 kg/day/family). The major fuel types fulfilling the energy demand of local people in study area were wood, LPG and dung cake. LPG constituted the major share of consumption (10.7x10 5 kcal/month) while dung cake consumption was least (3.1x10 5 kcal/month). The total fuel and fodder consumption in study area was 17.2x10 5 kcal/month and 36.65 kg/day/family, respectively. Livestock population of study area was comprised of cow, bullock, buffalo, he-buffalo, goat and sheep with highest share of buffaloes (43.38%) and lowest of he-buffaloes (4.42%)