Manifestations of CP Violation in the B Meson System: Theoretical Perspective

CP violation in the field of $B$ physics is a crucial topic for exploring the quark sector and search for New Physics, both for theorists and experimentalists. CP violation manifests itself in various ways and in this presentation, we will categorise the decays based on their different dynamics. We aim to present highlights related to the studies of CP violation in each category from a theoretical perspective.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, Contribution to the Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on B-Physics at Frontier Machines (Beauty2023), 3-7 July 2023, Clermont-Ferrand, Franc

Theoretical Highlights of CP Violation in BB Decays

In this presentation, we discuss recent key topics in theoretical analyses of CP violation in benchmarks decays of the $B$ meson. We provide the most updated values of the mixing phases and discuss the importance of including the penguin contributions in their studies. Exploring intriguing patterns in purely tree decays, interesting new methodologies can be developed and applied. New data related to the CP asymmetries of key modes like $B^0_d \to \pi^0 K_S$ and $B^0_s \to K^+ K^-$ lead to interesting results. The new $R_{K^{(*)}}$ measurement, compatible with the Standard Model, can still allow for electron-muon symmetry violation through new sources of CP violation.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, Contribution to the Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Heavy Quarks and Leptons (HQL2023), 28 November-2 December 2023, TIFR, Mumbai, Maharashtra, Indi

Exploring New Physics in B→πKB \rightarrow \pi K Decays

B-meson decays play an important role in flavour physics. The $B \rightarrow \pi K$ decays are dominated by QCD loop diagrams (penguins) but also electroweak penguins, where New Physics may enter, have a significant impact on the decay amplitude. Since measurements from B-factories indicate deviations from the Standard Model picture, we perform a state-of-the-art analysis to explore the correlation of the CP asymmetries and to get an updated picture. We propose a strategy for the optimal determination of the parameters which describe electroweak penguin effects and apply it to current data, utilising both neutral and charged $B \rightarrow \pi K$ decays. This new method can be fully exploited at the future Belle-II experiment, which will hopefully answer the question: Do these decays imply New Physics?Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, Corfu Summer Institute 2019 "School and Workshops on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity" (CORFU2019) - Workshop on Connecting Insights in Fundamental Physics: Standard Model and Beyon

Influence of Compression Stresses on Timber Potentials of Plantation Grown Eucalyptus camaldulensis Denhn in North-Western Nigeria

A study was conducted on the influence of compression stresses on timber potentials of plantation grown E. camaldulensis (Denhn) in North-western Nigeria, with a view to finding an alternative to the over exploited rainforest species. Five 20 year old trees each from Sokoto, Kebbi and Zamfara states were selected and felled for the study. These were cut into top, middle and bottom regions. A total of 225 samples were cut for laboratoryanalysis according to BS881:74 standard procedures. Laboratory analysis was carried out at Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Ibadan, using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). ANOVA was used to analyze the data and mean separation was done using Duncanfs New Multiple Range Test. Results of the study revealed overall mean compression stress values of 51.85 N/mm2 and 5.00 N/mm2 parallel (//g) and perpendicular („¨g) to grain respectively. ANOVA showed that differences between means in compression stress perpendicular to grain were highly significant while region/location interaction also revealed significant differences. Similarly, location/region and tree/region interactions were highly significant. It is recommended that E. camaldulensis be added in to the list of exploitable species in North-western Nigeria as it provides suitable alternative to species hitherto exploited and that further research should be carried out on wood in service to study the peculiarities of timber behaviour under actual service conditions.Keywords: Compression, stress, timber, parallel, perpendicular, grain and plantatio

EFFECT OF COOPERATIVE TEACHING METHODS ON STUDENTS LISTENING SKILL IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS, SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA

The study investigates the effect of cooperative teaching methods on students listening skill in English language in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria. A sample of fifty (70) students in Junior Secondary School classes was drawn in one secondary school in Sokoto Metropolis through the availability sample technique and simple random sampling. A self-developed questionnaire was used in generated the data from the respondents and data was analysed using descriptive consisting of mean and standard deviation as well as inferential statistics one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).The findings observed there is a significant effect on students’ listening skill in English language when taught using cooperative teaching methods (P=0.009). The study revealed that cooperative teaching methods are a good method of teaching students’ listening skill in English language. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers should give learners the opportunity to listen to native speakers’ speeches, should choose listening texts that are uttered by non-native speakers so that they can develop their listening skills and not get disappointed..  Article visualizations

In Silico Screening of Sesquiterpene Lactones as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors

Aldose reductase, a key enzyme of the polyol pathway catalyses NADPH-dependent reduction of glucose to sorbitol. Increased activity of this enzyme is considered a major factor contributing to the development of diabetic complications hence could be an important target in the treatment of these complications. In this work, a database of sesquiterpenes was prepared and screened for their drug-like properties based on the Lipinski’s rule of 5. The co-crystallised structure of aldose reductase was obtained from the Protein Databank and prepared for docking. In silico docking experiments was performed on Autodock tools using 198 sesquiterpene lactones that passed screening, and compounds with the lowest binding energy and favourable binding interactions were selected for molecular docking simulation. Six of the best ranking compounds selected had binding energies ranging from–11.96 Kcal/mol to -9.45 Kcal/mol  and were comparable to the energy of the standard inhibitor Idd594 used in the study. They also show good complementarity in their binding to the residues of the binding pocket. The results suggest that dehydrooopodin (1), 11(S),13-dihydrolactucopicrin (2), and Chrysanin (3) offered potential inhibitory activities toward aldose reductase and may serve as lead compounds for in vivo validation as aldose reductase inhibitors. Keywords: Sesquiterpene lactones, Aldose reductase, Binding energy, Molecular docking, Autodoc

Effects of Inter and Intra Row Spacing on Growth Characteristics and Fodder Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Var. Kanannado) in the Semi-Arid North-Western Nigeria

A field trial was conducted during the 2009/2010 cropping season at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching and Research Farm at Dabagi to investigate the effects of inter and intra row spacing on the growth and fodder yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp Variety Kanannado). The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of three each of inter and intra spacing of 50, 75 and 100cm and 25, 50 and 75cm respectively. The treatments were laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. The result of the study showed that inter-row spacing influenced (P<0.05) stand establishment count and plant height while intra row spacing affected (P<0.05) stand establishment count, plant height, leaf width, number of leaves and canopy spread. Dry matter yield did not differ (P> 0.05) across the different spacing and the highest yield of 1020 and 970 kg ha-1 were recorded for the widest inter-row and intra-row spacing of 100 and 75 cm respectively. It was therefore concluded that wider inter-row spacing of 100 cm and intra-row spacing of 75cm produced the highest dry matter yield with Vigna unguiculata L. Walp Variety Kanannado in the semi-arid region of north-western Nigeria

Analysis of Food And Feeding Habits of Catfish (Bagrus bayad, Macropterus (Daget>/i>) in River Rima and Goronyo Dam, in Sokoto State, Nigeria

Food and feeding habits of the two size class of Bagrus bayad caught in River Rima and Goronyo Dam in north western Nigeria between October, 2002 and September, 2003 were studied for feeding adaptations and stomach contents. Feeding adaptive features such as mouth, gill rakers, dentition and gut system were examined. Gut length and fish length indicated rectilinear positive relationship. The regression coefficient (b) and correlation coefficient (r) of gut length to fish length were highly significant (