Psychological Principles of Forming The Propaedeutic Knowledge of The 4th- 6th form Pupils in Chemistry

The urgency of the research. The psychological science confirms that one of the factors, influencing the formation level of the 4 th - 6 th former’s knowledge, skill and habits is the peculiarities of their age. The transition to systematic learning the fundamentals of sciences needs a knowledge generalization in a certain subject by establishing a connection between an acquired knowledge and a knowledge in another branch and one’s life experience

Вдосконалення системи управління барабанних котлів для спалювання горючих штучних газів

One of the promising directions in the development of power industry in Ukraine is the implementation of low-cost activities with a fast payback period, which would make it possible, without attracting significant funds, and in the shortest possible time, to bring down fuel and electricity consumption. Such activities could include the use of the new structural circuits of automated control at the existing steam generators running on organic fuel, which will allow, without a substantial equipment modernization, the use of combustible artificial gases as fuel.A limiting factor for the combustion of artificial gases in energy drum boilers is their low calorific value and insufficient throughput of the regulating valve, which depends on density of the regulated medium.We examined a possibility of burning artificial gases in energy boilers without considerable modernization of basic equipment (replacement of burners and controlling elements, installation of additional steam generating equipment) both for a single drum boiler and a group of boilers operating in the common steam line. In both cases, in order to increase the throughput, a gas compressor is employed. It was established that for the aligned work of the compressor with a heat load ACS of one boiler, it is necessary to define a transfer function of the communication device. To control a group of boilers, we synthesized multidimensional optimal ACS that would make it possible to improve the integrated quality indicators to regulate pressure and consumption of superheated steam.The implementation of the obtained technical solutions will improve energy security and effectiveness of the industrial potential of Ukraine. Рассмотрена возможность использования искусственных газов в качестве топлива вместо природного газа для энергетических барабанных котлов. Предложены технические решения для автоматического управления как одним барабанным котлом, так и группой, работающей на общий паропровод. Решения основаны как на использовании дополнительных технических средств, так и многомерных оптимальных алгоритмах управленияРозглянуто можливість використання штучних газів в якості палива замість природного газу для енергетичних барабанних котлів. Запропоновано технічні рішення для автоматичного управління як одним барабанним котлом, так і групою, що працює на загальний паропровід. Рішення засновані як на використанні додаткових технічних засобів, так і багатовимірних оптимальних алгоритмів керуванн

Ispitivanje djelovanja ugljičnog monoksida na ljude u slučaju požara u zgradi

The research has been conducted to determine the safe residence time for people in a room where the composition of the gas environment has deteriorated due to fire. Carbon monoxide, which is produced by fire, has been found to be lethal for human life and health. Determination of safe time was made based on the study of the composition and amount of fire load in premises and buildings, physical and chemical properties of carbon monoxide, and its effect on the human body. The graphical dependences of the concentration of carbon monoxide in a room, as a function of time, were obtained for eight variants. The results allow authors to determine the possible residence time of a person in a building during a fire before the lethal concentration of carbon monoxide occurs. Studies made it possible to determine the safe residence time of people in a building on fire in a calculated way and to compare it with the normative indicators of the onset of lethal concentration of carbon monoxide in the air. The results obtained determine the safe time during which a person can escape from the building on fire.Istraživanje je provedeno kako bi se utvrdilo koliko dugo ljudi mogu boraviti u prostoriji u kojoj je kakvoća zraka smanjena zbog požara. Ugljični monoksid, proizvod požara, jest smrtonosan i opasan za zdravlje. Sigurno vrijeme boravka utvrđeno je na temelju ispitivanja sastava i količine požarnog opterećenja u prostorijama i zgradama, fizikalnih i kemijskih svojstava ugljičnog monoksida i njegova djelovanja na ljudsko tijelo. Grafički je prikazana ovisnost koncentracije ugljičnog monoksida u prostoriji kao funkcije vremena, i to za osam varijanti. Rezultati omogućuju da se utvrdi moguće vrijeme boravka u zgradi tijekom požara prije nego dođe do smrtonosne koncentracije ugljičnog monoksida. Ispitivanjem je izračunato vrijeme sigurnog boravka u požarom zahvaćenoj zgradi te je moguća usporedba s normativnim pokazateljima dostizanja smrtonosne koncentracije ugljičnog dioksida u zraku. Rezultati služe za utvrđivanje sigurnog vremena za bijeg ljudi iz požarom zahvaćene zgrade

Pedagogy of Argumentation: Teaching the Skills of Argumentation to Older Teens

The article deals with the problem of training future teachers to teach older teens the ability of argumentation as an intellectual and communicative activity. The authors analyze the specifics of the training of future teachers in higher education institutions; the process of formation of the competence of teaching the ability of argumentation; the development of pedagogy of argumentation in higher education institutions. The current stage of the education system development requires improving the level of teachers’ training. The problem of professional competence of future teachers who acquire the method of teaching students the ability of argument is relevant. At the same time, there is a need to develop a special professional quality of the future teacher–to be able to defend their own point of view, to formulate theses, to effectively build a system of arguments during communication. So, the issue has a complex character–university students should be taught pedagogical argumentation, they should be equipped with the corresponding technique in order their future pupils gain an opportunity to realize successfully the structure of argumentation both in written and spoken communication. The purpose of the article is to determine the features of teaching methods used at secondary school when forming pupils’ ability of argumentation. This paper aims to identify the main approaches to teaching argumentation, to find out the level of future teachers’ readiness to teach students the ability of argumentation, to develop an experimental method of teaching pedagogy of argumentation and check its results. We conducted an experimental study with 44 students

Legal regulation of religion in the context of ecclesiastical law as a model of a single legal space in Europe

The purpose of this article is to identify the key istorical aspects of the formation of the teachings of religion within the Christian faith. In the course of the study, it is established that the church did not interfere with the existence of nation states, proclaiming the need for European unity. The conclusion of the manuscript argues for the church's (in its general sense) desire to subordinate political power in European states, which would serve to establish unified methods of government. The theological and canonical principles of Catholic religious doctrine provided the basis for such methods. The church's teachings became the basis for the formation of rules aimed at regulating relations in society in general, interpersonal relations and relations between the individual, the state and the church in particular. The article also examines and reveals the processes of integration of cultural studies in the environment, including science and art. The church actively finances various projects of preservation and restoration of historical art objects and promotes the development of new artistic directions. The church also actively promotes the development of science, primarily in the field of theology and philosophy. Such actions are quite valuable, because the church demonstrates adherence to its principles and values, thereby encouraging people to adhere to them as well. Such influence caused the integration and emergence of ideas of humanistic principles in the European consciousness. Moreover, the established canon law actively contributed to it. It became the basis for many branches of secular law

Topics of a cross-cutting interdisciplinary course project

Prospects for the development of operation of middle-range cargo aircraft with turboprop engines based on the needs of the European air transportation market. Analytical research of directions and trends in the use of non-destructive testing of the technical condition of the aircraft and its components on the basis of innovative technologies. Concepts of application of ecologically safe methods and means with use of innovative technologies at routine repair of the aircraft and its components in the conditions of real operation. Concepts of application of ecologically safe methods and means with use of innovative technologies at aircraft and its components overhaul. Innovative technology in the continuing airworthiness of aircraft and its components to ensure environmental safety requirements.Technological support of aviation tribomechanical systems reliability on the basis of modern innovative surface hardening technologies. The use of alternative resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies in the maintenance of aircraft and aircraft engines in real operation. Prospects for directions of creation of high-temperature materials technologies development for tribodes of turbofan engine and power plant hot part

Tutors’ psychological readiness for professional activity in Ukraine

The article deals with the issue of tutors’ psychological readiness for professional activity in the system of Ukrainian higher education. The concepts that are defined are psychological readiness, tutor, professional tutors training, tutor activity, competence, and innovations in the educational system; and the core activity of the Center of Excellence at Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University is described. Innovative strategies for the development of the international community lead to the creation of such a system of education which will enable the growth of creative potential of the individuals, and their spiritual and moral characteristics. The cultural and educational institutions have the task to organize the educational process in such a way that the educational-dominant theory and practice of developmental education will focus on methodologies and methods of self-development of the individuals, on the one hand, and the program of expanded professional (psychological) support of self-education of the individuals, on the other hand. The purpose of the article is to determine the update on the problem of tutors’ psychological readiness for professional activity in the system of higher education of Ukraine. The analysis of the respondents’ answers, and the comparison of the results of teachers training for the tutor activity at the start and end of the experimental work give grounds to fix quantitative and qualitative changes in the formation of psychological readiness for tutor activity in teachers. The level of future tutors’ psychological readiness for the tutor activity in the experimental and control groups at the formative stage of the experiment has been increased due to a qualitatively prepared certification program «professional tutors training»; active participation in practical trainings including discussions, round tables, thematic conferences devoted to introduction of excellence tutoring; and conducting training exercises for the development of innovative skills, research and experimental work

Tutor's psychological readiness for professional activity in Ukraine

The article deals with the issue of tutors’ psychological readiness for professional activity in the system of Ukrainian higher education. The concepts that are defined are psychological readiness, tutor, professional tutors training, tutor activity, competence, and innovations in the educational system; and the core activity of the Center of Excellence at Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University is described. Innovative strategies for the development of the international community lead to the creation of such a system of education which will enable the growth of creative potential of the individuals, and their spiritual and moral characteristics. The cultural and educational institutions have the task to organize the educational process in such a way that the educational-dominant theory and practice of developmental education will focus on methodologies and methods of self-development of the individuals, on the one hand, and the program of expanded professional (psychological) support of self-education of the individuals, on the other hand. The purpose of the article is to determine the update on the problem of tutors’ psychological readiness for professional activity in the system of higher education of Ukraine. The analysis of the respondents’ answers, and the comparison of the results of teachers training for the tutor activity at the start and end of the experimental work give grounds to fix quantitative and qualitative changes in the formation of psychological readiness for tutor activity in teachers. The level of future tutors’ psychological readiness for the tutor activity in the experimental and control groups at the formative stage of the experiment has been increased due to a qualitatively prepared certification program «professional tutors training»; active participation in practical trainings including discussions, round tables, thematic conferences devoted to introduction of excellence tutoring; and conducting training exercises for the development of innovative skills, research and experimental work

Topics of a cross-cutting interdisciplinary course project

Prospects for the development of operation of middle-range cargo aircraft with turboprop engines based on the needs of the European air transportation market. Analytical research of directions and trends in the use of non-destructive testing of the technical condition of the aircraft and its components on the basis of innovative technologies. Concepts of application of ecologically safe methods and means with use of innovative technologies at routine repair of the aircraft and its components in the conditions of real operation. Concepts of application of ecologically safe methods and means with use of innovative technologies at aircraft and its components overhaul. Innovative technology in the continuing airworthiness of aircraft and its components to ensure environmental safety requirements.Technological support of aviation tribomechanical systems reliability on the basis of modern innovative surface hardening technologies. The use of alternative resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies in the maintenance of aircraft and aircraft engines in real operation. Prospects for directions of creation of high-temperature materials technologies development for tribodes of turbofan engine and power plant hot part

СОЦІАЛЬНО-СТАНОВІ АСПЕКТИ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СУДОВИХ УСТАНОВ ТА ЗАКЛАДІВ ПЕНІТЕНЦІАРНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНОЇ УКРАЇНИ (1864-1914 рр.)

Right-bank Ukraine became part of the Russian Empire after the second partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1792. The integration of these territories into the new administrative, economic and cultural space caused certain difficulties. In the first half of the 19th century, the region had the highest percentage of peasant serfs and the elements and institutions of the non-existent state (including the courts) still existed and kept functioning.The defeat in the Crimean War of 1853–1856 imposed on the Russian Empire the need for radical reforms in all spheres of life. The wave-like periods of cooperation-confrontation between the Russian authorities and the local nobility brought about regional provisions in virtually all the reforms, launched by the peasant reform of 1861. The judicial reform and the emergence of new institutions and practices had to resolve existing problems, disputes, and punish criminals legally. The social estate (stanovy) character of the society was reflected in the establishment and activities of the volost courts, as the lower courts. The district courts were a completely novel phenomenon in the legal culture; their functioning was ensured by professional lawyers on the basis of new judicial statutes.The purpose of this article is to consider the court practices and functioning of penitentiary establishments in Right-Bank Ukraine (on the example of Volyn province) under implementation of the judicial reform through the prism of social and estate factors, based on the cases of the Zhytomyr District Court and the reports of the heads of local prisons.The methodology of the research includes the tools of social history and the so-called "new imperial history" that have helped to trace the adaptation of new legal practices to the socio-ethnic peculiarities of Right Bank Ukraine. The methods of history of everyday life and history of reading have been employed to consider the under-researched component of the penitentiary system of the Russian Empire, namely the libraries and their funds. This component should be attributed to the novelty of the suggested research findings.Conclusions. Estate privileges were maintained in the Russian Empire throughout the "long 19th century". Belonging to a higher social status practically made the Polish nobles equal in the rights with the imperial officials, endowed with power. During court decisions and sentencing, an ethnic criterion was not taken into consideration or had secondary significance. Many years of placing the peasants outside the legal field developed a steady arrogant attitude of the power-holders towards the representatives of this social estate. Though the peasants dominated in the social structure of the Empire population, they remained the most prevalent class. Since the early 20th century, some shifts in perception and attitudes towards peasantry were observed.Prawobrzeżna Ukraina stała się częścią imperium po drugim rozbiorze Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w 1792 r. Włączenie tych ziem ukraińskich do nowej przestrzeni administracyjnej, gospodarczej i kulturalnej nie było łatwe. W czasie pierwszej połowy XIX wieku w rejonie był najwyższy procent pańszczyźnianych chłopów, a także istniały elementy i funkcjonujące instytucje (między innymi sądy) od nieistniejącego już państwa.Porażka w wojnie krymskiej w latach 1853–1856 postawiła Imperium Rosyjskie przed koniecznością radykalnych reform wszystkich dziedzin życia. Faliste okresy współpracy-konfrontacji rządu rosyjskiego i lokalnej szlachty przywiozły do pojawienia się oddzielnych (regionalnych) regulaminów praktycznie we wszystkich reformach, które rozpoczęły się od reformy uwłaszczeniowej chłopów w 1861 r. Zmіna statusów społecznych, stosunków, kwestia własności i relacja do przedstawicieli władzy wymagały legalnej regulacji. Reforma sądowa, nowe instytucje i praktyki miały rozwiązywać potoczne problemy, spory, karać przestępców zgodnie z prawem. Zachowanie stanowości społeczeństwa odtworzyło się w stworzeniu i funkcjonowaniu sądów rejonowych jako sądów najniższego rzędu. Sądy okręgowe były zupełnie nowym zjawiskiem kultury prawnej, a ich funkcje zostały zapewnione przez profesjonalnych prawników na podstawie nowych statutów sądowych.Cel artykułu. Przeanalizować praktyki sądowe i szczególne cechy działania instutucji systemu penitencjarnego Prawobrzeżnej Ukrainy (na przykładzie obwodu wołyńskiego) w czasie wprowadzenia reformy sądownictwa przez pryzmat czynników społecznych i stanowych, na podstawie analizy spraw Żytomierskiego Sądu Okręgowego oraz raportów kierowników lokalnych więzień.Wśród metod, które zostały wykorzystane w badaniu, są takie, jak narzędzia historii społecznej oraz tak zwanej “nowej historii imperialnej”. To pozwoliło skoncetrować się na specyfice dostosowywania nowych praktyk do społeczno-etnicznych cech Prawobrzeżnej Ukrainy. Metody historii codzienności i historii czytania umożliwiły zbadać praktycznie niezbadaną część systemu penitencjarnego Imperium Rosyjskiego – mianowicie biblioteki i ich treściowe napełnienie. Jednocześnie zastosowanie takich metod stanowi i oryginalność naukową danego materiału. Wnioski. Stanowe przywileje zostały czynne w Imperium Rosyjskim podczas całego “długiego dziewiętnastego wieku”. Należąc do wyższego statusu społecznego, polska szlachta miała praktycznie jednakowe prawa z upoważnionymi do władzy cesarskimi urzędnikami. Podczas podejmowania decyzji sądowej i orzeczenia kary kryteria etniczne odgrywały niewielką lub żadną rolę. Długotrwałe przebywanie chłopów poza obszarem prawnym sformowało silną powierzchowną relację władzy wobec przedstawicieli tej kategorii społecznej. Pomimo dominacji chłopów w strukturze społecznej populacji imperium, oni pozostali najbardziej upokorzonym stanem. Od początku XX. wieku są obserwowane pewne zmiany w percepcji i stosunku do chłopstwa.Правобережна Україна стала частиною імперії після другого поділу Речі Посполитої 1792 р. Включення цих земель до нового адміністративного, економічного та культурного простору відбувалось непросто. Протягом першої половини ХІХ ст. в регіоні був представлений найвищий відсоток кріпосних селян та зберігались елементи й функціонували інститути (в тому числі й судові) неіснуючої держави. Поразка у Кримській війні 1853–1856 рр. поставила Російську імперію перед потребою у радикальному реформуванні всіх сфер життя. Хвилеподібні періоди співробітництва-конфронтації російської влади й місцевої шляхти призвели до появи окремих (регіональних) положень практично у всіх реформах, яким дала старт Селянська 1861 р. Зміна соціальних статусів, стосунків, питання власності та ставлення до представників влади потребували юридичного урегулювання. Судова реформа й поява нових інституцій та практик мали вирішувати наявні проблеми, суперечки, карати злочинців на законних підставах. Збереження становості суспільства знайшло відображення у створенні та діяльності волосних судів, як найнижчої судової ланки. Окружні суди являли собою цілком нове явище у правовій культурі, функціонування яких забезпечувалось професійними юристами на основі нових судових статутів. Мета статті. Проаналізувати судові практики та особливості функціонування закладів пенітенціарної системи Правобережної України (на прикладі Волинської губернії) в умовах реалізації судової реформи крізь призму соціального та станового фактору, на основі аналізу справ Житомирського окружного суду та звітів керівників місцевих в’язниць. Серед методів, які були використані у дослідженні – інструментарій соціальної історії, та так званої «нової імперської історії», які допомогли зосередитись на особливостях адаптації нових правових практик до соціально-етнічних особливостей Правобережної України. Методи історії повсякдення та історії читання дозволили розглянути практично не досліджену складову функціонування пенітенціарної системи Російської імперії – бібліотеки та їх змістовне наповнення. Цю компонента одночасно слід віднести до новизни запропонованого матеріалу. Висновки. Станові привілеї зберігались в Російській імперії протягом всього «довгого ХІХ ст.». Належність до вищого соціального стану практично зрівнювало у правах дворян-поляків із імперськими чиновниками, наділеними владним повноваженнями. Під час винесення судових рішень та призначення покарань етнічний критерій не відігравав практично ніякої ролі, або ж мав другорядне значення. Тривале перебування селян поза правовим полем сформувало стійке зверхнє ставлення можновладців до представників цієї соціальної категорії. Попри домінування селян у соціальній структурі населення імперії, вони залишались найбільш упослідженим станом. Від початку ХХ ст. спостерігаються певні зрушення у сприйнятті та ставленні до селянства