PROFESOR JERZY TOPOLSKI JAKO LEKTURA OBOWIĄZKOWA, JAKO CZŁOWIEK I WSPOMNIENIE

PROFESOR JERZY TOPOLSKI JAKO LEKTURA OBOWIĄZKOWA, JAKO CZŁOWIEK I WSPOMNIENI

Dane archeozoologiczne z miejscowości Bocień (stanowisko 5) do poznania gospodarki ludności kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej na ziemi chełmińskiej

During rescue excavations curried out in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie section of A1 motorway in Chełmża commune, animal bone remains were found in Bocień, site 5. The only homogenous and simultaneously the most numerous assemblage (1115 NISP) were bones collected in features of the linear band pottery culture (LBPC) – phase II and III. They were registered within the range of an space-function areas I, II and S of the settlement (fig. 1, appendix 1). The material presented significant predomination of domestic mammals, mainly cattle, clearly smaller bones of pig, sheep/goat and dog. Wild mammals are represented by red deer, elk, roe deer and aurochs. Reptile remains belonged to European pond turtle. Teeth and head bones were the most numerous cattle elements’ specimens. Some of cattle, pig, sheep/goat and dog bones bore traces of shallow and narrow pits after using blades (knives) of stone (fl int). The others registered black coloring, which was the result of meat or bone marrow roasting. The collection also consisted of examples with work traces (fragments of red deer and elk antlers) and bone tools (chisel – made of metatarsal) and plates’ fragments. The excavated fauna collection became the grounds for interpretation, referring to the following questions: a) genesis of the studied fauna finds, b) significance of domestic species in manufacturing raw material of animal origin, c) strategies implemented in manufacturing raw material of animal origin, d) some features of natural environment of the settlement surrounding and e) Neolithic morphotypes of Chełmno Land animals. Population inhabiting the settlement produced food of animal origin by breeding. Utilization of natural fauna resources, e.g. aurochs, deer, roe-deer and wild horses (probably tarpan) was clearly smaller. Animal economy was based on cattle, which belonged to aurochs like form (Bos primigenius), analogous to cattle sizes from Kuyavia and settlements of linear band pottery culture populations inhabiting the areas of present Germany. Meat and bone marrow obtained of it was prepared for consumption by roasting it in fire. Cow milk was not important food product, because at least half of herds’ populations was slaughtered at juvenis and subadultus ages. Keeping ruminants, species suitable for grazing, resulted from open grassy spaces existence. However, the settlement was also surrounded by forests, what is confirmed by red deer and aurochs presence in the material. A part of the land was soppy, grown with temporate broadleaved forests, perfect for elks existence. The performed exploration and analyses deliver evidence, that local population inhabiting the settlement related in their economic strategy to cultural rules obligatory in wider space, e.g. in Kuyavia. Zooarchaeological sources from Bocień, as first in Chełmno Land delivered the grounds for analyses of cattle individual age and its morphological forms. Moreover, thanks to anatomical composition analysis we were able to indicate the settlement spatial zones, basing on observations made by the means of archaeological data.W artykule zawarto dane archeozoologiczne uzyskane podczas badań pokonsumpcyjnych zbiorów faunistycznych, odkrytych w obiektach osady ludności kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej (fazy II i III). Ich szczegółowa analiza biologiczna oraz archeologiczna (kontekstowa) stała sie podstawą do rozważań na temat genezy zbadanego zbioru faunistycznego, znaczenia gatunków domowych i strategii gospodarczych w wytwarzaniu surowców pochodzenia zwierzęcego, niektórych cech środowiska przyrodniczego otoczenia osady oraz morfotypów zwierząt neolitycznych ziemi chełmińskiej

Dane archeozoologiczne z miejscowości Bocień (stanowisko 5) do poznania gospodarki ludności kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej na ziemi chełmińskiej

During rescue excavations curried out in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie section of A1 motorway in Chełmża commune, animal bone remains were found in Bocień, site 5. The only homogenous and simultaneously the most numerous assemblage (1115 NISP) were bones collected in features of the linear band pottery culture (LBPC) – phase II and III. They were registered within the range of an space-function areas I, II and S of the settlement (fig. 1, appendix 1).The material presented significant predomination of domestic mammals, mainly cattle, clearly smaller bones of pig, sheep/goat and dog. Wild mammals are represented by red deer, elk, roe deer and aurochs. Reptile remains belonged to European pond turtle. Teeth and head bones were the most numerous cattle elements’ specimens. Some of cattle, pig, sheep/goat and dog bones bore traces of shallow and narrow pits after using blades (knives) of stone (fl int). The others registered black coloring, which was the result of meat or bone marrow roasting. The collection also consisted of examples with work traces (fragments of red deer and elk antlers) and bone tools (chisel – made of metatarsal) and plates’ fragments.The excavated fauna collection became the grounds for interpretation, referring to the following questions: a) genesis of the studied fauna finds, b) significance of domestic species in manufacturing raw material of animal origin, c) strategies implemented in manufacturing raw material of animal origin, d) some features of natural environment of the settlement surrounding and e) Neolithic morphotypes of Chełmno Land animals.Population inhabiting the settlement produced food of animal origin by breeding. Utilization of natural fauna resources, e.g. aurochs, deer, roe-deer and wild horses (probably tarpan) was clearly smaller. Animal economy was based on cattle, which belonged to aurochs like form (Bos primigenius), analogous to cattle sizes from Kuyavia and settlements of linear band pottery culture populations inhabiting the areas of present Germany. Meat and bone marrow obtained of it was prepared for consumption by roasting it in fire. Cow milk was not important food product, because at least half of herds’ populations was slaughtered at juvenis and subadultus ages.Keeping ruminants, species suitable for grazing, resulted from open grassy spaces existence. However, the settlement was also surrounded by forests, what is confirmed by red deer and aurochs presence in the material. A part of the land was soppy, grown with temporate broadleaved forests, perfect for elks existence.The performed exploration and analyses deliver evidence, that local population inhabiting the settlement related in their economic strategy to cultural rules obligatory in wider space, e.g. in Kuyavia.Zooarchaeological sources from Bocień, as first in Chełmno Land delivered the grounds for analyses of cattle individual age and its morphological forms. Moreover, thanks to anatomical composition analysis we were able to indicate the settlement spatial zones, basing on observations made by the means of archaeological data.W artykule zawarto dane archeozoologiczne uzyskane podczas badań pokonsumpcyjnych zbiorów faunistycznych, odkrytych w obiektach osady ludności kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej (fazy II i III). Ich szczegółowa analiza biologiczna oraz archeologiczna (kontekstowa) stała sie podstawą do rozważań na temat genezy zbadanego zbioru faunistycznego, znaczenia gatunków domowych i strategii gospodarczych w wytwarzaniu surowców pochodzenia zwierzęcego, niektórych cech środowiska przyrodniczego otoczenia osady oraz morfotypów zwierząt neolitycznych ziemi chełmińskiej

Zwierzęce szczątki kostne z dawnego grodu w Dusinie, stanowisko 1, gm. Gostyń

This article presents the results of a specialist archaeozoological analysis of materials from an early medieval stronghold in Dusina, in southern Greater Poland. The examined bones come from millennium excavations and are a fragment of the collection obtained at that time. The remains were subjected to a description of zoological, anatomical and biological features, presenting the composition of individual taxa, as well as identifying traces on bones, indicating slaughtering activities and preferences in the selection of animal carcass partsThis article presents the results of a specialist archaeozoological analysis of materials from an early medieval stronghold in Dusina, in southern Greater Poland. The examined bones come from millennium excavations and are a fragment of the collection obtained at that time. The remains were subjected to a description of zoological, anatomical and biological features, presenting the composition of individual taxa, as well as identifying traces on bones, indicating slaughtering activities and preferences in the selection of animal carcass part

The cultural roles of perforated fish vertebrae in prehistoric and historic Europe

This paper provides a new synthesis of perforated fish vertebrae in prehistoric and historic Europe, with a particular focus on Poland, within the broader context of Central and Eastern Europe. The earliest examples of such artefacts in Europe date from the Upper Palaeolithic, but compared to other ‘beads’ manufactured from animal bone, perforated fish vertebrae are rare. This paper examines the diachronic trends in the range of species that have been chosen for such objects, as well as their depositional contexts. Despite the wide range of freshwater and marine species exploited by people, only the vertebrae of a few species—especially pike and catfish—were selected for use as beads. There is a general shift from their deposition in funerary contexts in prehistoric European societies to their association as low-status objects associated with Christian private devotion in the post-conversion period. However, this may not reflect continuity in the use of fish vertebrae, with a shift in their symbolism after the conversion to Christianity, given the substantial chronological gaps in the archaeological record. This synthesis nonetheless provides a solid foundation for contextualising future archaeological finds of such artefacts

Reactive multilayer synthesis of hard ceramic foils and films

Disclosed is method for synthesizing hard ceramic materials such as carbides, borides and aluminides, particularly in the form of coatings provided on another material so as to improve the wear and abrasion performance of machine tools, for example. Method involves the sputter deposition of alternating layers of reactive metals with layers of carbon, boron, or aluminum and the subsequent reaction of the multilayered structure to produce a dense crystalline ceramic. The material can be coated on a substrate or formed as a foil which can be coiled as a tape for later use

NEW TECHNOLOGY OR ADAPTATION AT THE FRONTIER? BUTCHERY AS A SIGNIFIER OF CULTURAL TRANSITIONS IN THE MEDIEVAL EASTERN BALTIC

This paper focuses on a number of examples of cut marks on animal bones from a range of sites associated with the cultural transformations in the eastern Baltic following the Crusades in the 13th century. Recorded observational and interpretational characteristics are quantified and explained through more detailed selected case studies. The study represents a pilot project, the foundation for a more detailed and systematic survey of a larger dataset within the framework of the ecology of Crusading project. Relatively clear differences between sites are observable on the basis of the cut marks; however, the initial trends do not suggest a straightforward connection between butchery technology and colonisation in the east Baltic region.Key words: zooarchaeology, butchery, technology, Crusades, colonisation, Teutonic Order, eastern Baltic.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v20i0.80

Ślady gospodarki roślinno-zwierzęcej ludności kultury łużyckich pól popielnicowych z osady w Rudzie, gmina Grudziądz, północna Polska

Site 3–6 in Ruda, Grudziądz district, is situated in southern part of the Grudziądz Basin, just at the foot of the brink of Vistula Valley, on the flat, vast headland, sloping towards the river. The Motorway Investigations Team at the Institute of Archaeology Nicolas Copernic University, during their research in years 2000–2002, found some evidence of settlement that had existed there in the later Bronze Age and the early Iron Age. The site of the Lusatian Urnfield Culture included remains of homesteads composed of dwellings of different purpose as well as pits of various functions. Archaeological material from the site is represented by abundant set of ceramic dishes fragments, dishes and ornaments of bronze and first found in Chełmno Land metallurgical clay casting moulds as well as tools of stone and flint. Numerous and diverse set of collected plants, cereals, weeds and carbonised remains of various timber species have been discovered in number of pits. Pieces of domestic and wild animal bones and mollusc shells represent are also known from the site. The use of animals and plants is represented by biogenic materials discovered in cultural layers. Soil samples, analysed with regard to phosphorus content, present diverse values of that element in pits. Archaeological finds together botanical and zoological evidence provide a unique opportunity for interpretation of economy, spatial settlement organisation and farming characteristic for the Lusatian Urnfield Culture communities