The Synthesis of Nanodispersed Magnetite Using Electrochemical Method

The purpose of the work was to obtain nanodispersed magnetite (Fe3O4) with fewer impurities compar-ing to its natural form. For this the electrochemical method of dissolution of steel sheets or shavings in the heated electrolyte was employed. In order to optimize the technological parameters of this process the structural and magnetic properties of the obtained materials were studied using powder X-ray diffraction and vibrational magnetometry techniques correspondingly. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3627

Magnetic and X-ray Studies of Nanodispersed Magnetite Synthesized from Chrome Containing Galvanic Sludge

In the current work we discuss the processes occurring along with the temperature treatment of the samples of chromium containing sludge. The results of powder X-ray diffraction and vibrational magnetometry show that magnetite forms in the samples with the increase of the calcination temperature higher than 500 C. Its quantity increases with the heating, which is clearly visible from the value of saturation magnetization obtained for the samples after various temperature treatments

Application of full-scale three-dimensional models in patients with severe spine deformities

Introduction. Correction of severe spinal deformities remains challenging. Our objective was to describe our experience using three-dimensional (3D) models and individual implants for the correction of severe spinal deformities. Methods. Full-scale 3D models were custom-made for 20 patients with different types of spinal deformities: 5 patients with severe spondylolisthesis, 3 patients with upper cervical deformities, 2 patient with neurofibromatosis, 2 patients with paralytic scoliosis, 7 patients with severe congenital deformities of spine, one patient with tumor of sternum. 3D models were manufactured using rapid prototyping from CT data. In all cases 3D models were used for planning surgical interventions. Using models as a template, individual implants were created for the fixation of the spine in 11 patients. In 2 patients with C1-C2 deformity, anterior transoral C1-C2 fixation using individual plates was performed. In one 9 yrs patient with neurofibromatosis, secondary deformity and sacral hypoplasia, and in 4 patients with paralytic and congenital scoliosis instrumental deformity correction was performed combined with lumbo-pelvic fixation using individual iliac plates. In 4 patients with spondylolisthesis, additional anterior L5-S1 fixation using individual plates and long threaded cages was performed, in one patient with tumor of sternum a custom-made sternum substitute implant was manufactured. Results. The follow-up period was 2 years, with neurological restoration and stable fixation in all cases. Conclusion. Full-scale 3D models offer a useful tool in preoperative planning, allowing full-scale stereoscopic recognition from any direction and distance with tactile feedback. Full-scale 3D models can be effectively used for creating individual implants

Surgical treatment of severe deformities of cervico-thoracic junction

In this study, the outcomes of surgical treatment of severe spinal cervico-thoracic deformities are evaluated. An analysis of 8 patients who underwent surgery between 2012 and 2015 is presented. Mean age was 11,2 years (range from 2 to 18 y.o.). In 6 patients KFS with cervico-thoracic kyphosis was observed. In 2 patients, both 2-year-old girls, there was anterior displacement at the Th1 vertebra, most likely due to congenital dislocation. In 2 cases type I neurofibromatosis was observed. All the patients with KFS presented with neurological deficit: four patients presented with inferior paraparesis and two patients – with tetraparesis due to cervical myelopathy. In all cases staged surgical treatment was performed: halo-traction for 10-14 days, then occipito-cervico-thoracic instrumented fixation as the 2nd stage. In one case, anterior cervical multilevel fusion with autografting was performed as the 3rd stage. In all but one patient full-scale 3D models of the vertebral column at the deformity level was manufactured based on CT-scans. Mean follow-up time was 18,8 months (range 12-36). In all cases, sufficient correction was achieved. In two cases, there was improvement in neurological status. In two cases fractures of one of the 2,5 mm rods in occipito-cervical instrumentation were observed. This condition requires reoperation and additional reinforcing occipito-cervical fixation using cortical peroneal autograft. Conclusion. Due to the severity and complexity of congenital deformities of the cervico-thoracic junction, full-scale 3-D models are indispensable for understanding anatomical relationships and for surgery planning. Halo-traction is recommended for preoperative correction and neurological complication prevention

Social Determinants of Human Health: Quantitative and Qualitative Studies

The study is devoted to the analysis of social determinants of human health, their quantitative and qualitative aspects. The analysis was carried out according to the authors' methodology, which includes a comparison of the results of the questionnaire (subjective qualitative assessment) and the correlation analysis of social determinants with the life expectancy indicator. The Republic of Tatarstan, a dynamically developing region of the Russian Federation, where life expectancy is much higher compared to other regions (75.03 years in 2019), was chosen as the territorial object of analysis. The study hypothesized that it could be proved that social determinants were the most important component of health, and without them, its formation, maintenance, and strengthening would be impossible. Based on the results of the comprehensive analysis, the hypothesis was confirmed: 1) the qualitative analysis confirmed that the respondents were aware of the impact of social determinants on their health and identified individual indicators: the level of social security, stress, ecology, as well as immediate environment and working conditions; 2) the results of the quantitative analysis made it possible to state that health was affected by the following social determinants: divorce rates, environmental pollution, provision of medical services, construction rates and housing costs