Comparison of histopathologic findings of non-tumoral gastric mucus of patients with gastric cancer and patients with chronic gastritis

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: سرطان معده دومین علت مرگ ناشی از سرطان را در جهان به خود اختصاص داده است. تعیین ضایعات پاتولوژیک مرتبط با سرطان معده جهت ایجاد برنامه های غربالگری و در نتیجه اعمال اقدامات پیشگیرانه و پیگیری دقیق تر بیماران از اهمیت به سزایی برخوردار می باشد. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی برخی ضایعات هیستوپاتولوژی مرتبط با سرطان معده انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مورد -شاهدی یافته های بیوپسی 55 بیمار مبتلا به سرطان معده سلولهای اپیتلیال و همین تعداد از افراد گروه شاهد که شامل بیوپسی های غیر سرطانی و غیر اولسر پپتیک بودند در بخش پاتولوژی بیمارستان الزهراء(س) از لحاظ وجود گاستریت آتروفیک، متاپلازی روده ای، دیسپلازی، شدت گاستریت، وجود فولیکول لنفاوی، انفیلتراسیون ائوزینوفیل و ارگانیسم هلیکوباکتر پیلوری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های مجذور کای، من ویتنی و شاخص نسبت بخت (OR=Odds Ratio) تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: وجود گاستریت آتروفیک، ائوزینوفیلی و ارگانیسم هلیکوباکتر پیلوری در دو گروه مورد و شاهد اختلاف آماری معنی داری نداشت. در گروه مورد و شاهد به ترتیب درصد فراوانی متاپلازی روده ای 3/47 و 9/10 (001/0

Effect of venlafaxine on experimental colitis in normal and reserpinised depressed rats

Psychological disorders such as depression have more prevalence in inflammatory bowel disease patients and can exacerbate the clinical course of the disease, so anti-depressant therapy may have a potential to positively impact the disease course. On the other hand several antidepressant drugs have shown anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Thus, this study aimed to explore the beneficial effects of venlafaxine on experimental colitis in normal and reserpinised depressed rats. Acetic acid colitis was induced in both reserpinised and non-reserpinised rats. Reserpinised groups received reserpine at dose of 6 mg/kg i.p.1 h prior to colitis induction and then treated with venlafaxine at doses of 10, 20, 40 mg/kg given i.p. 2 h after induction of colitis and daily for 4 consecutive days. Non-reserpinised groups treated with 10, 20, 40 mg/kg venlafaxine i.p. 2 h after the induction of colitis and daily for 4 successive days. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as reference drug. Colonic inflammation was evaluated using macroscopic, histological and myeloperoxidase activity measurements. Results showed that reserpine at dose of 6 mg/kg exacerbated the colitis damage. Compared to acetic acid control, venlafaxine at dose of 40 mg/kg as well as dexamethasone significantly improved colitis parameters in both reserpinised and non-reserpinised animals. Venlafaxine reduced inflammatory injury in this animal model of induced ulcerative colitis. These effects are probably mediated first through depressive behavioral changes that could be mediated through the brain-gut axis and second for the anti-inflammatory effect of the drug

Beneficial Effects of Maprotiline in a Murine Model of Colitis in Normal and Reserpinised Depressed Rats.

Background. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities have been reported for maprotiline, a strong norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. In addition, some other antidepressant drugs have shown beneficial effects in experimental colitis. Methods. All the animals were divided into normal and depressed groups. In normal rats colitis was induced by instillation of 2 mL of 4% acetic acid and after 2 hours, maprotiline (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered. In reserpinised depressed rats, depression was induced by injection of reserpine (6 mg/kg, i.p.), 1 h prior to colitis induction, and then treated with maprotiline (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg). Treatment continued daily for four days. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was given as a reference drug. On day five following colitis induction, animals were euthanized and distal colons were assessed macroscopically, histologically, and biochemically (assessment of myeloperoxidase activity). Results. Maprotiline significantly improved macroscopic and histologic scores and diminished myeloperoxidase activity in both normal and depressed rats while reserpine exacerbated the colonic damage. Conclusion. Our data suggests that the salutary effects of maprotiline on acetic acid colitis are probably mediated first through depressive behavioral changes that could be mediated through the brain-gut axis and second for the anti-inflammatory effect of the drug

An Immunohistochemical Study of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Meningioma and Its Correlation with Tumor Grade

Background: Meningiomas are one of the most common primary brain tumors and the most common intradural spinal tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor has been demonstrated to play an important role in the stimulation of angiogenesis in many types of cancers. Agents that block the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, such as bevacizumab, have the capability to decrease vascular permeability. The aim of this study is to evaluate vascular endothelial growth factor expression in meningioma patients. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study used an immunohistochemical method to assess vascular endothelial growth factor expression in meningioma. We randomly chose 83 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of meningiomas diagnosed during 2015 from the files of the Pathology Laboratory of Al-Zahra Hospital, affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Results: All of the meningioma samples (100%) were vascular endothelial growth factor-immunoreactive. There was a vascular endothelial growth factor score of 1 in 6 (7.2%) cases, a score of 2 in 54 (65.1%) cases, and score of 3 in 23 (27.7%) cases. A correlation existed between vascular endothelial growth factor score and tumor grade. However, there was no correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor score and age and sex of patients. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a significant role of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the pathogenesis of peritumoral brain edema in low- and high-grade meningiomas as well as in recurrence or malignant transformation. Thus, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents such as bevacizumab might be useful as a treatment of this condition

Evaluation of anti-colitic effect of fluvoxamine against acetic acid-induced colitis in normal and reserpinized depressed rats

High prevalence of psychological comorbidities such as depression and anxiety in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) supports the premise that adding an anti-depressant drug with known anti-inflammatory effect to the medical treatment have beneficial effect in the course of the underlying disease. Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of 2 ml of 4% v/v acetic acid solution in rats. Anti-colitic effect of fluvoxamine was evaluated in two categories: A: normal rats, B: reserpinized (6 mg/kg, i.p.) depressed rats. In group A, fluvoxamine (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 2 h after induction of colitis and in group B. reserpine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 1 h prior to colitis induction and then fluvoxamine (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 2 h after colitis induction. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) was used as reference drug. All the treatments continued daily for five days. The effect was assessed on the basis of macroscopic score, biochemical (myeloperoxidase) changes and histopathological studies. Results showed that fluvoxamine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) and dexamethasone treatment markedly reduced disease severity in both reserpinized and non-reserpinized rats as indicated by reduction in macroscopic and microscopic colonic damages while reserpine adversely exacerbated the colitis damage. Myeloperoxidase activity which was increased following colitis induction was also decreased. The findings of this study elucidate the anti-colitic and anti-inflammatory properties of fluvoxamine and so introduced it as a good candidate to treat depressive symptoms in people comorbid to IBD. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Multiple Pseudotumors of the Liver Associated with Adenocarcinoma of the Colon: A Case Report

Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare non-neoplastic process of unknown etiology, generally following a benign inflammatory condition. It is often mistaken as an either primary or metastatic malignancy in imaging studies. We report a 48 year-old female with numerous target lesions (2-4 cm) seen on high resolution ultrasound, spiral CT scan, and MRI in all liver lobes compatible with metastasis. Guided biopsies of the lesions were performed twice, but the pathologies showed no evidence of malignancy. Colonoscopy revealed adenocarcinoma of the colon. This case highlights liver pseudotumor in the differential diagnosis of hepatic tumoral lesions

An observational study on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in meningioma

Background: The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is overexpressed in different types of tumors and is known to be associated with malignant behavior of tumors. We determined the association of COX-2 expression and different grades of human meningioma. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on specimens obtained from adult patients with meningioma. Meningioma was classified according to the WHO 2007 classification protocol (I, II, and III). COX-2 expression intensity was scored based on the percentage of immunopositive cells as 0: 0-10%; +1: >10% and a part of the cell membrane; +2: >10% and complete cell membrane; and +3: >30% and complete cell membrane. Scores of +2 or +3 were considered as COX-2 positive. Results: Ninety meningioma cases (mean age = 53.0 ± 13.2 years, 71.1% female) were studied. COX-2 was positive in 25% (17/68), 68.4% (13/19), and 100% (3/3) of cases with tumor grade I, II, and III, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between tumor grade and COX-2 expression score (Spearman′s correlation coefficient = 0.422, P < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a strong association between COX-2 expression and tumoral grade in meningioma with more aggressive tumors expressing COX-2 with more intensity. Prospective studies examining the association of COX-2 expression with tumor recurrence and interventional studies examining the role of COX-2 inhibitors anticancer therapy of meningioma are warranted

Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Expression in Neovasculature of Glioblastoma Multiforme

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis that can be very difficult to cure, and the current treatment options have no optimal outcomes. Hence, it is essential to find new treatment modalities. Histologically, this tumor has high microvascular density that makes it desirable for vascular target agent drugs. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a novel antigen with unique features that expresses in the vascular endothelium of some malignant tumors. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from sixty patients who underwent GBM tumor resection from 2012 to 2016 were evaluated for the expression of PSMA by immunohistochemistry. Sections were also assessed for the extent and intensity of endothelial staining in tumor microvessels and for clinicopathologic factor correlation. Results: A considerable PSMA expression level was detected in 66% of the cases, and the intensity was strong and moderate in 63%. There was no significant correlation neither between PSMA expression with tumor site, presence of necrosis, and endothelial proliferation nor with age and sex. Conclusion: The expression of PSMA in GBM, as observed in the current study, may suggest a new role of PSMA-targeted therapy and indicate more investigations focused on complementary treatment strategies that specifically target tumor vasculature

WT1 protein expression in astrocytic tumors and its relationship with cellular proliferation index

Background: Although Wilms′ tumor gene (WT1) was initially known as a tumor marker in Wilms′ tumor, nowadays its role is well known in other sorts of malignancy. This study aimed to evaluate WT1 protein expression levels and its association with cellular proliferation in astrocytic brain tumors by immunohistochemical methods. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study performed on 73 randomly selected archived tissue samples of astrocytic brain tumors. Sections were observed after immunohistochemical staining regarding WT1 protein expression and MIB-1 staining index. Tumors were classified based on World Health Organization grading system. Results: WT1 protein expression was seen in the majority of samples (97.3%) with significantly higher index in high-grade tumors (P<0.001). MIB-1 staining index was also significantly higher in high-grade tumors (P<0.001). Moreover, a significantly positive correlation was found between WT1 protein expression and MIB-1 staining index (r: 0.64, P<0.001). Conclusion: Astrocytic brain tumors express WT1 protein. It was also found that high-grade tumors are accompanied with higher WT1 protein expression, which is correlated with MIB-1 staining index. WT1 can be used as a marker of malignant cell proliferation and diagnostic tool to differentiate normal astrocytes from neoplastic cells

The study of CD117 expression in glial tumors and its relationship with the tumor-type and grade

Background: CD117 is a thyrosin kinase receptor encoded by c-kit proto-oncogene. It is expressed during normal development in some tissues and also in a subset of neoplasia especially gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Treatment with thyrosin kinase inhibitors (e.g., Imatinib) is useful in CD117- positive GISTs. The goal of this study is to investigate the expression of CD117 in glial tumors as a potential diagnostic marker and target for therapy. Materials and Methods: in this descriptive-analytical study, paraffin- embedded tissue blocks from 50 cases of glial tumors (various histological types and grades) were selected in a convenience sampling for the CD117 immunhistochemical study including expression of the marker, staining intensity, and percentage of the stained cells. The results were analyzed by Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: CD117 expression was detected in about 76% of glial tumors but the frequency of the expression showed no statistically significant relationship with the tumor type (P = 0.829). Although CD117 immunoreactivity was more frequent in high-grade tumors (84%) compared to the low-grade ones (68%), no statistically significant relationship was found between the CD117 expression and grade of the tumor (P = 0.09). Staining intensity and percentage of stained cells in high-grade tumors were significantly more than in low-grade tumors (P values of 0.046 and 0.023, respectively). Conclusion: according to the statistically significant difference in the staining intensity and percentage of the stained cells between the low-grade and high-grade glial tumors, these two parameters may be useful for making distinction between various grades of these tumors. Moreover, according to the prominent expression of CD117 in high-grade gliomas, these tumors may be potential candidates for treatment with thyrosin kinase inhibitors