238 research outputs found

    Measurement of the mass difference between top quark and antiquark in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

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    Capturing wheat phenotypes at the genome level

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    Recent technological advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have dramatically reduced the cost of DNA sequencing, allowing species with large and complex genomes to be sequenced. Although bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world’s most important food crops, efficient exploitation of molecular marker-assisted breeding approaches has lagged behind that achieved in other crop species, due to its large polyploid genome. However, an international public–private effort spanning 9 years reported over 65% draft genome of bread wheat in 2014, and finally, after more than a decade culminated in the release of a gold-standard, fully annotated reference wheat-genome assembly in 2018. Shortly thereafter, in 2020, the genome of assemblies of additional 15 global wheat accessions was released. As a result, wheat has now entered into the pan-genomic era, where basic resources can be efficiently exploited. Wheat genotyping with a few hundred markers has been replaced by genotyping arrays, capable of characterizing hundreds of wheat lines, using thousands of markers, providing fast, relatively inexpensive, and reliable data for exploitation in wheat breeding. These advances have opened up new opportunities for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) in wheat. Herein, we review the advances and perspectives in wheat genetics and genomics, with a focus on key traits, including grain yield, yield-related traits, end-use quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. We also focus on reported candidate genes cloned and linked to traits of interest. Furthermore, we report on the improvement in the aforementioned quantitative traits, through the use of (i) clustered regularly interspaced short-palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated gene-editing and (ii) positional cloning methods, and of genomic selection. Finally, we examine the utilization of genomics for the next-generation wheat breeding, providing a practical example of using in silico bioinformatics tools that are based on the wheat reference-genome sequence

    Measurements of the ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) differential cross sections in pp collisions at s=7TeV

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    Differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum pTpT are presented for the production of ϒ(nS)ϒ(nS) (n = 1, 2, 3) states decaying into a pair of muons. Data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9View the MathML sourcefb−1 in pp collisions at View the MathML sources=7TeV were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The analysis selects events with dimuon rapidity |y|<1.2|y|<1.2 and dimuon transverse momentum in the range View the MathML source10<pT<100GeV. The measurements show a transition from an exponential to a power-law behavior at View the MathML sourcepT≈20GeV for the three ϒ states. Above that transition, the ϒ(3S)ϒ(3S) spectrum is significantly harder than that of the ϒ(1S)ϒ(1S). The ratios of the ϒ(3S)ϒ(3S) and ϒ(2S)ϒ(2S) differential cross sections to the ϒ(1S)ϒ(1S) cross section show a rise as pTpT increases at low pTpT, then become flatter at higher pTpT

    An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

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    Search for light pseudoscalar boson pairs produced from decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson in final states with two muons and two nearby tracks in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

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    Measurement of differential cross sections for Z bosons produced in association with charm jets in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

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    Search for W ' -> tb in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV

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    Production of Λ⁺_c baryons in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at √s_(NN) = 5.02 TeV

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    The transverse momentum (p_T) spectra of inclusively produced Λ⁺_c baryons are measured via the exclusive decay channel Λ⁺_c →p K⁻π⁺ using the CMS detector at the LHC. Spectra are measured as a function of transverse momentum in proton-proton (pp) and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The measurement is performed within the Λ⁺_c rapidity interval |y|<1 in the p_T range of 5–20GeV/c in pp and 10–20GeV/c in PbPb collisions. The observed yields of Λ⁺_c for p_T of 10–20GeV/c suggest a suppression in central PbPb collisions compared to pp collisions scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions. The Λ⁺_c D0 production ratio in pp collisions is compared to theoretical models. In PbPb collisions, this ratio is consistent with the result from pp collisions in their common p_T range
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