Deep Recurrent Learning for Efficient Image Recognition Using Small Data

Recognition is fundamental yet open and challenging problem in computer vision. Recognition involves the detection and interpretation of complex shapes of objects or persons from previous encounters or knowledge. Biological systems are considered as the most powerful, robust and generalized recognition models. The recent success of learning based mathematical models known as artificial neural networks, especially deep neural networks, have propelled researchers to utilize such architectures for developing bio-inspired computational recognition models. However, the computational complexity of these models increases proportionally to the challenges posed by the recognition problem, and more importantly, these models require a large amount of data for successful learning. Additionally, the feedforward-based hierarchical models do not exploit another important biological learning paradigm, known as recurrency, which ubiquitously exists in the biological visual system and has been shown to be quite crucial for recognition. Consequently, this work aims to develop novel biologically relevant deep recurrent learning models for robust recognition using limited training data. First, we design an efficient deep simultaneous recurrent network (DSRN) architecture for solving several challenging image recognition tasks. The use of simultaneous recurrency in the proposed model improves the recognition performance and offers reduced computational complexity compared to the existing hierarchical deep learning models. Moreover, the DSRN architecture inherently learns meaningful representations of data during the training process which is essential to achieve superior recognition performance. However, probabilistic models such as deep generative models are particularly adept at learning representations directly from unlabeled input data. Accordingly, we show the generalization of the proposed deep simultaneous recurrency concept by developing a probabilistic deep simultaneous recurrent belief network (DSRBN) architecture which is more efficient in learning the underlying representation of the data compared to the state-of-the-art generative models. Finally, we propose a deep recurrent learning framework for solving the image recognition task using small data. We incorporate Bayesian statistics to the DSRBN generative model to propose a deep recurrent generative Bayesian model that addresses the challenge of learning from a small amount of data. Our findings suggest that the proposed deep recurrent Bayesian framework demonstrates better image recognition performance compared to the state-of-the-art models in a small data learning scenario. In conclusion, this dissertation proposes novel deep recurrent learning pipelines, which utilize not only limited training data to achieve improved image recognition performance but also require significantly reduced training parameters

Comparative Acceptability of GTM and CLT to the Teachers of Rural Secondary High Schools in Bangladesh

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) has been innovated in the secondary (and the higher secondary) level of education in Bangladesh by drastically devaluing the principles of the long-practiced traditional Grammar Translation Method (GTM). The present study was carried out on some rural secondary high school teachers in Bangladesh about comparative acceptability of GTM and CLT in respects of achieving four skills, accuracy/ fluency, translating activity, ? group/pair works, and classroom language. The result of the study reflected their mixed attitude to GTM and CLT, though all of them put emphasis on language learning through translating activity in group/pair works. Their tendency and claims were in favor of the multi-syllabus. On the basis of the data findings this paper also presents some suggestions for appropriate methodology in ELT in Bangladesh. Keywords: CLT, GTM, translation, group/pair works, learners, teachers, four skills, grammar, classroom- language, multi-syllabus, etc

A Unified Model for Multi-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer in Wellbores

Multiphase flow is a common occurrence in the chemical and petroleum industries. The objective of this study was to apply the principles of multiphase flow to the production of petroleum fluids. A unified model was developed to predict the pressure profiles in wellbores using models available in the literature, which was then used to develop a simulator. A rigorous approach was also taken to model heat transfer and predict the temperature profiles in wellbores unde, various circumstances. Our model is capable of predicting the pressure profiles for various channel orientation and geometries. It can handle flow in vertical, and inclined system. Countercurrent flow and flow in downward direction can also be simulated. With appropriate value for the parameters, the model applies to liquid-liquid systems in addition to the gas-liquid systems. The temperature profile in a wellbore is important to the petroleum industry. Fluid temperature determines various properties such as viscosity, density, the extent of dissolved gases etc. The pressure profile depends on these physical properties. In addition, the temperature profile is important in many production operations in arctic regions. A prior knowledge of the temperature and pressure profile enables the operators to take preventive measures against the clogging of pipelines due to hydrate or wax formation. Accurate temperature estimation is also important during such operations as drilling, cementing etc. Fluid temperature depends orji the extent of heat loss from the wellbore, which in turn, depends on the formation temperature. The present approach of temperature estimation assumes a constant heat flux between the wellbore and formation throughout the entire operation time. However, quite often the heat transfer rate between the formation and wellbore changes with time. We used the superposition principle to account for the gradual change of heat flux with time. Analytical solutions with the assumption of invariant and linear variation of heat flux with depth, and numerical solution of the governing differential equation were obtained. We developed expressions for fluid temperature during production, injection and mud circulation. The results showed variation in the temperature profiles when superposition is used during oil production and in mud circulation compared to solution without superposition. The solutions of linear variation of heat flux with depth assumption were close to the numercial solutions

セルロースナノファイバーの表面修飾とボトムアップ集積に関する研究

要約のみTohoku University三ツ石方也課

Exploring the Reasons of Non-Utilization of Literature in SSC and HSC Textbook English for Today in Bangladesh

Literature is a productive and viable medium in the language classroom. The English for Today textbooks at the secondary and higher secondary levels of education in Bangladesh have significant number of literary works for being used for achieving linguistic skills. But unfortunately, things in the real ELT classroom are utterly frustrating. Both teachers and students try to avoid the literary contents included in the textbooks. Thus, both of them are being deprived of the pleasure ?and possibility of exploiting literature for acquiring language skills. Again, most of the researches carried out in this field in our context have avoided this issue and have gone through the possibility of using literature in ELT class, not considering the practicality. This study has shed light on the practical ELT field and tried to find out the causes of avoiding the literary contents included in the textbooks and suggest the language policy planners of Bangladesh in this respect. Keywords: English for Today, literary contents, language skills, teachers, learners etc

Frugal Innovation Strategies of Electric Vehicles: A New Era

Recently, electric vehicles (EV) production and markets have been growing and auto makers are producing their products, continuing development and improving portfolios to match the needs of consumers. This paper is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of different aspects, concepts and strategies of frugal innovation, then the development of EVs from a historical perspective and finally an overview is given of the different types of EVs developed in this paper. In other research done on Frgal Innovation the different challenges of facing EVs are described and analyzed. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness among companies of the need to innovate with limited resources. The main goal of the article is to demonstrate how the frugal innovations of EVs refers to innovative EV components, such as motors, bodies, tires, batteries, infrastructure and electricity, that are developed and deployed with minimal resources to meet the needs of their markets

Parallel Presentation of Positive and Negative Sides of Igbo Culture in Things Fall Apart

Chinua Achebe s magnum opus Things Fall Apart reflects authentic presentation of the Igbo society Various social political economic religious psychological and personal issues of the Igbo people have been put forward by the author in this ethnographic novel Achebe has depicted these issues from the perspective of both an observer and a critic The ethnographic depiction of the Igbo life indicates that Chinua Achebe has tried to maintain his objective stance in the novel He is not biased at all It is evident in his contrastive presentation of the culture and beliefs of the Igbo in one hand he presents the constructive and rational side of the Igbo on the other hand he highlights their follies and irrational beliefs too Achebe as an original Igbo expectedly presents the riches and potentialities of the Igbo society But at the same time he is not uncritical of the limitations of his society where he belongs to The present study has dealt with Achebe s audacious attempt to present the limitations and follies of Igbo life in Things Fall Apar

Reading Achebeas Things Fall Apart from the Perspective of Cesaireas Discourse on Colonialism

This article attempts to study Chinua Achebe s novel Things Fall Apart from the perspectives put forward in Aime Cesaire s anti-colonial text Discourse on Colonialism For this purpose various thematic key-issues found in Discourse on Colonialism are studied first These thematic key-issues include old African societies representation colonial effects colonial Christianity decolonization flaws of civilization etc In the text Aime Cesaire has strongly dealt with these issues Then in this paper each of these issues is thoroughly attempted on the basis of their having treated in Things Fall Apart Finally this paper shows that Things Fall Apart can well be analyzed by considering all the thematic concerns voiced by Cesair