Correlations Between Gene Expression and Mercury Levels in Blood of Boys With and Without Autism

Gene expression in blood was correlated with mercury levels in blood of 2- to 5-year-old boys with autism (AU) compared to age-matched typically developing (TD) control boys. This was done to address the possibility that the two groups might metabolize toxicants, such as mercury, differently. RNA was isolated from blood and gene expression assessed on whole genome Affymetrix Human U133 expression microarrays. Mercury levels were measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed and partial correlations between gene expression and mercury levels were calculated, after correcting for age and batch effects. To reduce false positives, only genes shared by the ANCOVA models were analyzed. Of the 26 genes that correlated with mercury levels in both AU and TD boys, 11 were significantly different between the groups (P(Diagnosis*Mercury) ≤ 0.05). The expression of a large number of genes (n = 316) correlated with mercury levels in TD but not in AU boys (P ≤ 0.05), the most represented biological functions being cell death and cell morphology. Expression of 189 genes correlated with mercury levels in AU but not in TD boys (P ≤ 0.05), the most represented biological functions being cell morphology, amino acid metabolism, and antigen presentation. These data and those in our companion study on correlation of gene expression and lead levels show that AU and TD children display different correlations between transcript levels and low levels of mercury and lead. These findings might suggest different genetic transcriptional programs associated with mercury in AU compared to TD children

Synthesis of 5-Organotellanyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles: Functionalization of the 5-Position Scaffold by the Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reaction

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)An efficient synthesis of 5-organotellanyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole compounds was accomplished through [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of organic azides and (organotellanyl)alkynes. Additionally, 5-organotellanyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles were readily functionalized at the 5-position by using a Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction, leading to highly functionalised triazoles. The regiochemistry of the products was assessed by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic experiments and X-ray crystallography.1837803785Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FAPESP [12/00424-2, 10/15677-8]CNPq [300.613/2007-5, 306532/2009-3]CAPES [808/2009

The “Non-Cuttable” Space In Between: Context, Boundaries And Their Natural Fluidity

The inherent open-ended nature of socio-cultural phenomena makes it necessary to create new theoretical frameworks that enable us to understand the fluidity of the relations between different parts of the dynamic system. Recent advance in modern biology seems to provide a set of heuristic concepts useful to investigate the complexity and fluidity of the relationship between different contexts. One of these is the Rayner’s logic of natural inclusionality. According whit Rayner’s evolutionary standpoint any living system is constantly in dialogue with its natural neighbourhood on the basis of an interdependent and co-evolutive process involved both the context and the organism. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the model proposed by Rayner in light of contextual perspective in development and educational psychology arguing as the space in between is neither a cuttable and divisible presence into discrete things, nor a mere “nothing” that could be cut off our conceptualization. Rather, it’s a ground (for a figure) in which flow and counter-flow in a fluid interplay amidst a distinct bounded context takes place. The interest for the boundary conditions calls for focusing on what happened on the border. By adopting a simultaneous perspective from two standpoints we are able to constantly focus on both aspects—what happens inside and outside different social settings—we became aware that the “walls” of the context of our living are much more permeable than has been until now theorized by psychological research. Keywords: Life’s context . Boundary conditions . Biological perspective . Fluid inclusion . Binocular visio

Effects of circuit-based exercise programs on the body composition of elderly obese women

Danilo Sales Bocalini,1 Lucas S Lima,3 Socrates de Andrade,4 Angelo Madureira,4 Roberta L Rica,4,5 Rodrigo Nolasco dos Santos,4 Andrey Jorge Serra,1,2 Jose Antonio Silva Jr,2 Daniel Rodriguez,6 Aylton Figueira Jr,6 Francisco Luciano Pontes Jr31Departamenteo de Educação Física e, 2Ciências da Reabilitação da Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; 3Curso de Gerontologia, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo (EACH), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; 4Universidade Gama Filho (UGF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; 5Departamento de Educação Física, Colegio Arbos, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; 6Departamento de Educação Física. Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, BrazilAim: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of circuit-based exercise on the body composition in obese older women by focusing on physical exercise and body weight (BW) gain control in older people.Methods: Seventy older women (>60 years old) voluntarily took part in the study. Participants were randomized into six different groups according to body mass index (BMI): appropriate weight (AW) control (AWC) and trained (AWT) groups, overweight (OW) control (OWC) and trained (OWT) groups, and obesity (O) control (OC) and trained (OT) groups. The exercise program consisted of 50 minutes of exercise three times per week for 12 weeks. The exercises were alternated between upper and lower body using rest between sets for 40 seconds with intensity controlled by heart rate (70% of work). The contraction time established was 5 seconds to eccentric and concentric muscular action phase. The following anthropometric parameters were evaluated: height (m), body weight (BW, kg), body fat (BF, %), fat mass (FM, kg), lean mass (LM, kg), and BMI (kg/m2).Results: The values (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) of relative changes to BW (−8.0% ± 0.8%), BF (−21.4% ± 2.1%), LM (3.0% ± 0.3%), and FM (−31.2% ± 3.0%) to the OT group were higher (P < 0.05) than in the AWT (BW: −2.0% ± 1.1%; BF: −4.6% ± 1.8%; FM: −7.0% ± 2.8%; LM: 0.2% ± 1.1%) and OWT (BW: −4.5% ± 1.0%; BF: −11.0% ± 2.2%; FM: −16.1% ± 3.2%; LM: −0.2% ± 1.0%) groups; additionally, no differences were found for C groups. While reduction (P < 0.03) in BMI according to absolute values was observed for all trained groups (AWT: 22 ± 1 versus 21 ± 1; OWT: 27 ± 1 versus 25 ± 1, OT: 34 ± 1 versus 30 ± 1) after training, no differences were found for C groups.Conclusion: In summary, circuit-based exercise is an effective method for promoting reduction in anthropometrics parameters in obese older women.Keywords: anthropometric parameters, body fat, obesity, older women, physical exercis

O cuidar do enfermeiro especialista em reabilitação físico-motora El cuidar del enfermero especialista en rehabilitación físico motora The care of the nurse spcialized in physical-motor rehabilitation

O processo de reabilitação físico-motora tem por objetivo principal a adaptação das pessoas com deficiência física às novas condições de vida. Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever as atividades desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro de reabilitação em uma unidade de internação de pacientes em reabilitação físico-motora e destacar sua importância frente à equipe de reabilitação. Dentre as principais atividades desenvolvidas destacamos a manutenção das necessidades fisiológicas, onde a equipe de Enfermagem executa, orienta, demonstra, supervisiona e reavalia as condições de autocuidado destes pacientes. O enfermeiro atua, também, na prevenção de possíveis complicações que podem ocorrer frente à suscetibilidade peculiar desta clientela.<br>El processo de rehabilitación físico-motora tiene como principal objetivo la adaptación de las personas con deficiencia física a las nuevas condiciones de vida. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo describir las actividades desarrolladas por el enfermero de rehabilitación físico-motora y destacar su importancia frente al equipo de rehabilitación. Dentro de las principales actividades desarrolladas, se destaca la manutención de las necesidades fisiológicas, donde el equipo de enfermería ejecuta, orienta, demuestra, supervisa y reevalúa las condiciones de auto cuidado de estos pacientes. El enfermero también actúa en la prevención de pisibles complicaciones que pueden ocurrir frente a la suceptibilidad peculiar de esta clientela.<br>The main objective of the physical-motor rehabilitation process is to help people with physical deficiency adapt to their new condition of life. This paper aims to describe the activities developed by the rehabilitation nurse in a unit for patients undergoing physical-motor rehabilitation and to detail his/her importance for the rehabilitation team. Among the most important activities carried out are the maintenance of the patient's physiological needs, which the nursing staff executes, orients, demonstrates and supervises, and the reevaluation of the conditions of such patients to care for themselves. The nurse also acts in the prevention of possible complications that could occur given the unique susceptibility of this clientele

Tecnologias educacionais, assistenciais e gerenciais: uma reflexão a partir da concepção dos docentes de enfermagem Tecnologías educacionales, asistenciales y gerenciales: una reflexión a partir de la concepción de los docentes de enfermería Education, care and management technologies: a reflection based on nursing teachers' conception

Estudo realizado com os docentes de dezesseis Cursos de Enfermagem das Instituições de Ensino Superior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com objetivo de identificar as tecnologias assistenciais, educacionais e gerenciais que vêm sendo utilizadas e/ou produzidas em sua práxis profissional nas disciplinas profissionalizantes. Este texto apresenta um recorte da investigação realizada e centra-se nas concepções das diferentes tipologias de tecnologias abordadas pelos docentes. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário com perguntas fechadas e abertas e, após, foram categorizados e analisados, apoiados nos referenciais metodológicos de análise de conteúdo. Ficou evidenciado que a maioria dos docentes apresentou concepção conceitual restrita a respeito da temática, manifestando dificuldades para produção e utilização de tecnologias e sugerindo formas de assessoramento para suprir as dificuldades na perspectiva de melhoria da práxis profissional.<br>Este estudio fue realizado con los docentes de dieciséis Cursos de Enfermería de las Instituciones de Enseñanza Superior del Estado de Rio Grande do Sul, con objeto de identificar las tecnologías asistenciales, educacionales y gerenciales que han sido usadas y/o producidas en su praxis profesional en las disciplinas profesionalizantes. Este texto presenta un recorte de la investigación realizada y enfoca las concepciones de las diferentes tipologías de tecnologías aproximadas por los docentes. Los datos fueron colectados a través de un cuestionario con preguntas cerradas y abiertas y después analizados, con base en los referenciales metodológicos de análisis de contenido. El estudio evidenció que la mayoría de los docentes presentó una concepción restricta respecto a la temática, manifestando dificultades para la producción y utilización de tecnologías y sugiriendo formas de asesoramiento para suplir las dificultades en la perspectiva de mejorar la praxis profesional.<br>This study involved the teachers of sixteen Nursing Courses at Higher Education Institutions in the State of Rio Grande do Sul and aimed to identify the care, education and management technologies that are used and/or produced in their professional praxis in professionalizing subjects. This text presents a research extract and focuses on the conceptions about the different types of technologies the teachers approached. Data were collected through a questionnaire with closed and open questions and later analyzed according to the methodological framework of content analysis. The study revealed that most teachers presented a restricted concept of the theme, manifesting difficulties for technology use and production and suggesting ways of support to overcome these difficulties, with a view to improving professional praxis

Masculinidade hegemônica, vulnerabilidade e prevenção ao HIV/AIDS Hegemonic masculinity, vulnerability and the prevention of HIV/AIDS

O estudo tem como objetivo analisar as relações entre masculinidade, vulnerabilidade e prevenção do HIV/AIDS, com a ancoragem em narrativas de homens jovens pertencentes às chamadas classes trabalhadoras urbanas, levando em conta não só os sentidos atribuídos à prevenção por parte desses sujeitos, mas também considerando a relação dialética entre individuo e sociedade. O referencial conceitual engloba três eixos masculinidade hegemônica, prevenção e vulnerabilidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa baseada na perspectiva da hermenêutica dialética que utiliza o método de interpretação de sentidos. A análise produziu dois eixos como resultados: A masculinidade hegemônica como fator de vulnerabilidade; Mitos e preconceitos como fatores de vulnerabilidade ao HIV/AIDS; Em termos de conclusão, reforça-se a necessidade da discussão acerca da prevenção encampar a necessidade de colocar na ordem do dia a construção do sistema sexo/gênero em volta do qual se articulam os significados sociais da masculinidade e da feminilidade que influenciam estruturalmente o plano das relações afetivo sexuais, em geral, e a prevenção do HIV/AIDS, em específico.<br>The study aims to examine the relationship between masculinity, vulnerability and the prevention of HIV/AIDS, based on reports from young men from the so-called urban working classes, taking into account not only the meanings attributed to prevention by these subjects, but also considering the dialectical relationship between the individual and society. The conceptual framework encompasses the three main aspects of hegemonic masculinity, prevention and vulnerability. This involves qualitative research based on the perspective of dialectical hermeneutics that uses the method of interpretation of meanings. The analysis yielded two main results, namely hegemonic masculinity as a vulnerability factor, and myths and prejudices as factors of vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. By way of conclusion, it reinforces the need for discussion of prevention encompassing the need to put on the agenda the construction of the sex/gender system around which to articulate the social meanings of masculinity and femininity that influence the structural plan of affective sexual relations in general and HIV/AIDS in particular