Neuro-Fuzzy System based Handwritten Marathi Numerals Recognition System

Character Recognition is one of the important tasks in Pattern Recognition. The complexity of the character recognition problem depends on the character set to be recognized. In this paper it is developed 0ff-line strategies for the isolated handwritten Marathi numerical (0 to ९) with Neuro fuzzy logic has been provided. The neural fuzzy system is considered for soft computing.  This method improves the character recognition method. Neuro Fuzzy System is integration of Neural Network and Fuzzy logic. In that we are using neural fuzzy system for classification

A Study of Cross Layer Design compare with Layer Design for MANET

Mobile Ad – hoc networks (MANET) are becoming increasingly popular in wireless technology, especially for providing services in disaster area. Mobile users are looking forward to new technologies that allow them to communicate anytime, anywhere, and using any communication device. Mobile ad – hoc networks suffer from several performance limitations, especially related to excessive burden deriving from the layering approach for the TCP / IP protocol stack design. In fact, TCP / IP protocol stack originally designed for wired networks and it is not suitable for wireless and mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, it focuses on cross layer network design which is especially for wireless and mobile ad hoc networks. The main objective is to how cross layer differ from layered design, cross layer design approaches, challenges of cross layer design and implementation of cross layer design based MANET. And also this article brief the readers an overview of cross layer concept while discussing different cross layer proposals given by researchers

Prevalence of self-medication practices in the Maharashtra population: a cross-sectional study

Background: Self-medication is a significant issue in public health, with varying global prevalence. It is one of the major causes of the emergence of antibiotic resistance in India. The study's objective was to identify the pattern, cause, and adverse events of self-medication in Maharashtra's urban and rural areas. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a pre-populated questionnaire; including information on age (18-85 years), non-prescription and prescription medication use. Age, gender, past medical and medication history, social history, and self-medication pattern, frequency, reason, source of information, and adverse events noticed as a result of self-medication are all sociodemographic questions on the questionnaire. A percentage analysis was used to examine the data. Results: Study states that out of 400 sample, 76% of the individuals self-medicate, with painkillers (49.4%), antacids (23.7%), antibiotics (15.3%), being the most often used drugs for ailments like headache, fever, bodily pain, and acidity. The top most medications taken for self-medication are paracetamol (53.1%), pantoprazole (30.43%), ondansetron (13.62%), and azithromycin (12.46%); 66.07% usage of prescription drugs as self-medication was found. The most frequent causes of self-medication were discovered to be mild illnesses, the easy accessibility of medications, and chemist recommendations, 8% of those surveyed had adverse events, and sources of information were chemists, past prescriptions, family members, and acquaintances. Conclusions: In Maharashtra, self-medication is a prevalent practice that primarily utilizes over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. As a result, consumers should be made aware of the hazards of antibiotic resistance and other pharmaceuticals

Perceived ethnic discrimination, rumination, and hope: implications for sleep quality in minority and non-minority college students

There is a vast amount of literature supporting the notion that sleep is vital for the physical and mental health of human beings. Mentally, poor sleep can interfere with cognitive processes and is a risk factor in the development of health problems. Studies exploring racial and ethnic differences in sleep quality suggest that Blacks/African Americans tend to experience poorer sleep (i.e., more sleep disturbance, slow-wave sleep) than their White counterparts, but few studies have examined the mechanism by which minority status (as in the case of Blacks/African Americans) compromises sleep quality. Aside from race and ethnicity, literature states that rumination (i.e., excessive reflecting on life events and stressors) may also influence sleep negatively. Considering this, racially charged events that are increasingly displayed in today’s media have heightened the awareness of unfair treatment based on race and ethnicity. Consequently, Blacks/African Americans (who are prone to discrimination in a variety of societal domains), may experience an additional layer of stress that increases the tendency to ruminate. In contrast, the instillation of hope may decrease rumination, in that a positive outlook and a sense that one’s goals are attainable may overshadow the perception of barriers pertaining to ethnic discrimination. To examine this, data were collected from students attending a Historically Black College/University (HBCU) and a Predominately White Institution (PWI) (N = 295). The aim of the present study was to examine differences in brooding and reflective rumination, perceived ethnic discrimination (PED), hope, stress, and sleep quality in Black/African American and White college students. This study also examined hope as a buffering variable against the negative impact of other study constructs. Independent t-test results indicated that Blacks/African Americans reported worse sleep quality, more disturbed sleep, more brooding rumination, and more overall PED than Whites, which is consistent with the existing literature. In contrast, there were no differences in hope scores between Blacks/African Americans and their White counterparts, and hope was not significant predictor of sleep quality when entered into a regression equation with other study constructs (brooding, reflection, perceived stress, PED, ethnicity, and gender). However, the regression model containing the study constructs found brooding and perceived stress to be predictive of sleep quality, thus suggesting that these constructs are especially pertinent to sleep quality above and beyond other variables. Limitations, implications, and suggestions for future research will be discussed

A Study of Cross Layer Design compare with Layer Design for MANET

Mobile Ad – hoc networks (MANET) are becoming increasingly popular in wireless technology, especially for providing services in disaster area. Mobile users are looking forward to new technologies that allow them to communicate anytime, anywhere, and using any communication device. Mobile ad – hoc networks suffer from several performance limitations, especially related to excessive burden deriving from the layering approach for the TCP / IP protocol stack design. In fact, TCP / IP protocol stack originally designed for wired networks and it is not suitable for wireless and mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, it focuses on cross layer network design which is especially for wireless and mobile ad hoc networks. The main objective is to how cross layer differ from layered design, cross layer design approaches, challenges of cross layer design and implementation of cross layer design based MANET. And also this article brief the readers an overview of cross layer concept while discussing different cross layer proposals given by researchers

Hybrid Relaying Protocol for Joint Power and Subcar-rier Allocation for OFDM Based Cognitive Radio Networks

Abstract This paper aims to avoid the interference imposed by the secondary user on a primary user in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN). In CRN, the interference from secondary user enforced on primary user mainly depends on spectral interval between primary and secondary systems. Moreover, it also depends on the power allocated to the secondary user. In order to avoid interference imposed by secondary user on primary user, a Hybrid Relaying Protocol for Joint Power and Subcarrier Allocation for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based Cognitive Radio Networks is proposed. In hybrid relaying protocol, a secondary user uses amplify and forward (AF) protocol and decode and forward (DF) protocol based on the requirement to maximize network throughput. A greedy algorithm is proposed for the selection of relay to get the optimal solution. Moreover, an efficient hybrid power and subcarrier algorithm is used by considering interference constraint imposed by cognitive network to the primary user

Automatic Feeder for Poultry Farm

This project is to monitor the automatic feeder without the interruption of man power in the poultry sheds. In this project, we have PIC controller and GSM to monitor the system automatically by notifying the owner of poultry by sending a SMS which contains the information regarding the main feeder container. We have also used the ultrasonic sensors to measure the distance between the valve and grains in the feeder trays and the main tank, after measuring the distance it opens the outlet of feeder, if the grains are below the level and close the valve when it reaches to the level

Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) Flower as an Antioxidant Dietary Fibre in Chicken Meat Nuggets

The present work investigated the efficacy of Moringa flower (MF) extract to develop a functional chicken product. Three groups of cooked chicken nuggets—control (C), T1 (with 1% MF) and T2 (2% MF)—were elaborated and their physicochemical, nutritional, storage stability and sensory attributes were assessed during refrigerated storage at 4 °C up to 20 days. In addition, MF extracts were characterised in terms of chemical composition, total phenolic content and its components using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD), dietary fibre and antioxidant capacity. MF contained high protein (17.87 ± 0.28 dry matter), dietary fibre (36.14 ± 0.77 dry matter) and total phenolics (18.34 ± 1.16 to 19.49 ± 1.35 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry matter) content. The treated nuggets (T1 and T2) had significantly enhanced cooking yield, emulsion stability, ash, protein, total phenolics and dietary fibre compared to control. Incorporation of MF extract at 2% not only significantly reduced the redness/increased the lightness, but also decreased the hardness, gumminess and chewiness of the product compared to control. Moreover, the addition of MF extract significantly improved the oxidative stability and odour scores by reducing lipid oxidation during storage time. Sensory attributes of nuggets were not affected by the addition of MF extract and the products remained stable and acceptable even on 15th day of storage. These results showed that MF extract could be considered as an effective natural functional ingredient for quality improvement and reducing lipid oxidation in cooked chicken nuggets