FACTORES DETERMINANTES EN EL DESEMPEÑO LABORAL DEL PERSONAL ADMINISTRATIVO EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE HUÁNUCO - FILIAL LEONCIO PRADO - 2018

La presente investigación ha permitido conocer la influencia de los factores determinantes en el desempeño laboral del personal administrativo en la universidad de Huánuco – Filial Leoncio - 2018. Se basó en el enfoque cuantitativo, a un nivel descriptivo – correlacional, diseño no experimental y como técnicas se manejaron: la encuesta, la entrevista y el análisis estadístico. Se trabajó con una población de 16 Trabajadores administrativos de la Universidad de Huánuco Filial Leoncio Prado. Se conoció la influencia de la motivación en el desempeño laboral del personal administrativo en la universidad de Huánuco – Filial Leoncio Prado – 2018, esto se observa a través del indicador de remuneración, donde el 50% del personal administrativo lo califican como bueno, aspecto que les permite trabajar mejor. Así mismo más del 50% menciona que a veces reciben reconocimiento y capacitación. Se conoció la influencia del clima laboral en el desempeño del personal administrativo en la universidad de Huánuco – Filial Leoncio Prado – 2018. Tal factor se visualiza en la tabla 6, donde más del 50% califica la relación entre sus colegas de trabajo como excelente y la mitad de los trabajadores califica como bueno al grado de identidad para con la universidad y la solución de las diferencias de interés. Se conoció la influencia de la comunicación en el desempeño laboral del personal administrativo en la universidad de Huánuco – Filial Leoncio Prado – 2018, ya que el 50% del personal administrativo, menciona que generalmente recibe información clara y a tiempo lo que le permite desempeñarse mejor en su trabajo, tal como lo afirma el coordinador administrativo de la universidad de Huánuco – Filial Leoncio Prado. Se conoció la influencia del factor ambiental en el desempeño laboral del personal administrativo en la universidad de Huánuco – Filial Leoncio Prado – 2018, esto se sustenta en la tabla 11, donde el personal administrativo menciona que generalmente se considera el aspecto ergonómico para facilitar su trabajo. Así mismo el 63% menciona que solo a veces existen ruidos que interfieren su desempeño laboral.Tesi

Cognitive Control and Bilingualism: The Bilingual Advantage Through the Lens of Dimensional Overlap

Past research shows that the bilingual experience may enhance cognitive executive function. In this experiment, we evaluated cognitive control in bilinguals relative to monolinguals by using a dimensional overlap model to predict performance in a task composed of Stroop and Simon stimuli. A group of 24 Spanish monolinguals and 24 bilinguals with differing first languages and all having Spanish as a second language (L2) did a picture naming task and a task composed of Stroop and Simon stimuli, where the effect of different overlap conditions (spatial/color) between stimuli and responses were examined. The tasks were performed in Spanish for both groups and performance was indexed with behavioral and electrophysiological measures. We hypothesized that the bilinguals’ daily language practice in L2 reflected overlap conditions similar to the Simon task. Both naming a picture in L2 and the Simon task would involve conflict at the response level. L2 picture naming entails interference between two potential oral responses, to name in L2 vs. L1 (correct vs. incorrect responses, respectively). Similarly, incongruent stimuli in the Simon task produce interference because the irrelevant dimension (spatial location) overlap with an incorrect response. In contrast, the manual Stroop task involves a different type of conflict between two overlapping stimulus dimensions (the ink color and the color meaning). We predicted for these reasons a superior performance in Simon tasks over Stroop tasks for bilinguals, while monolinguals were expected to have a similar performance in both tasks. We also expected to see a correlation between the performance on the picture naming task and the Simon task in bilinguals. However, the behavioral results did not confirm these hypotheses. In fact, both groups had similar congruency effects as measured by reaction times and error rates, and there was no correlation between the picture naming and Simon task in bilinguals. Despite this, the electrophysiological data suggested a relationship between the picture naming task and the P300 congruency effect in bilinguals. Our findings provide insights into the neurocognitive bases of language and serve as a research avenue for language behaviors in bilinguals.Spanish Government PID2019-111359GB-I00/SRA State Research Agency/10.13039/50110001103

Ambiguous Sentence Processing in Translation

Preparation of this manuscript was supported by a grant awarded to Pedro Macizo by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-111359GB-I00/SRA State Research Agency/10.13039/501100011033) . The study was undertaken in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and followed the ethical standards delineated by this journal and by the Ethical Committee of the University of Granada (number issued by the Ethical Committee:957/CEIH/2019) and each participant provided written informed consent before taking part in the experiment.The goal of our research was to explore the possible online co-activation of both the target language (TL) syntactic structure representation and TL attachment strategies in translation, and to look over a possible interaction between both syntactic properties. To this purpose, Spanish (L1) – English (L2) bilinguals were instructed to read complex noun phrases with an ambiguous relative clause in Spanish to either repeat them in Spanish or translate them into English. The final word of the sentences and the syntactic congruency between the source language (SL) and TL syntactic structure were manipulated. The results revealed co-activation of both TL syntactic properties: participants interpreted sentences more accordingly to the TL preferred strategy (low attachment) in the reading for translation task, read congruent sentences faster, and used the TL preferred interpretation strategy in the congruent condition of the sentences more. These results indicated TL activation at different syntactic levels during comprehension of the SL in translation.Spanish Government PID2019-111359GB-I00/SR

The value of banknotes: relevance of size, colour and design

In the current study, we evaluate the relevance of three physical features when people retrieve the monetary value of banknotes. To this end, three monetary comparison tasks were designed in which in each trial a pair of banknotes were presented and participants selected the one with higher monetary value. In each task, a different banknote feature (size, colour and design) was examined and a congruent and an incongruent condition (the value of the physical feature corresponded or not to its actual value, respectively) were compared to a neutral condition (no information about the physical feature was provided). We found a pattern of facilitation and interference effects which suggests that size is the most relevant physical feature for accessing the monetary value of banknotes followed by colour. However, the availability of a variety of designs across banknotes seemed not to facilitate the performance of the task, but rather the opposite, hindering the monetary comparison task.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA. This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Reference of the project: PID2019-111359 GB-I00/SR

The processing of prices across numerical formats

Preparation of this manuscript was supported by a grant awarded to Pedro Macizo by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-111359GB-I00 / SRA State Research Agency /10.130 39/501100011033). The study was undertaken in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration. The Ethics Committee at the University of Granada approved the experimental procedures (Number issued by the Ethical Committee: 957/CEIH/2019) and each participant provided written informed consent before taking part in the experiment. In order to comply with APA Ethics Code Standard 8.14a (sharing research data for verification), the stimuli, experimental procedure, data and analyses reported in this manuscript have been stored in a freely accessible repository (reference links have been indicated in the manuscript). The authors declare no conflict of interest.We evaluated whether the format in which prices are presented determines the processing of their magnitude. A price comparison task was used in which two-digit prices with Arabic digits, written number words and auditory number words were presented in the euro currency. Prices were number-monetary category (NMC) compatible (49 euros - 36 cents) when the number and monetary category of one price were larger than those of the other (49 > 36, euros > cents); or NMC incompatible (49 cents - 36 euros) when the number of one price was larger but the monetary category smaller than those of the other (49 > 36, cents 3, 9 > 6); and UD incompatible prices when the decade of one price was larger but the unit smaller than those of the other (46 euros - 39 cents, 4 > 3, 6 < 9). The results showed NMC compatibility effects in all numerical formats. However, the UD compatibility effect was not found in any numerical format. The results are discussed within the hybrid model of multisymbolic magnitude processing.Spanish Government PID2019-111359GB-I00/SRA State Research Agency/10.130 39/50110001103

Gestures as Scaffolding to Learn Vocabulary in a Foreign Language

This paper investigates the influence of gestures on foreign language (FL) vocabulary learning. In this work, we first address the state of the art in the field and then delve into the research conducted in our lab (three experiments already published) in order to finally offer a unified theoretical interpretation of the role of gestures in FL vocabulary learning. In Experiments 1 and 2, we examined the impact of gestures on noun and verb learning. The results revealed that participants exhibited better learning outcomes when FL words were accompanied by congruent gestures compared to those from the no-gesture condition. Conversely, when meaningless or incongruent gestures were presented alongside new FL words, gestures had a detrimental effect on the learning process. Secondly, we addressed the question of whether or not individuals need to physically perform the gestures themselves to observe the effects of gestures on vocabulary learning (Experiment 3). Results indicated that congruent gestures improved FL word recall when learners only observed the instructor’s gestures (“see” group) and when they mimicked them (“do” group). Importantly, the adverse effect associated with incongruent gestures was reduced in the “do” compared to that in the “see” experimental group. These findings suggest that iconic gestures can serve as an effective tool for learning vocabulary in an FL, particularly when the gestures align with the meaning of the words. Furthermore, the active performance of gestures helps counteract the negative effects associated with inconsistencies between gestures and word meanings. Consequently, if a choice must be made, an FL learning strategy in which learners acquire words while making gestures congruent with their meaning would be highly desirable.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness grant PSI2016-75250-PSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-111359GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Propuesta de intervención para mejorar la adaptación psicológica ante una ruptura de pareja

En la actualidad los divorcios han aumentado considerablemente y forman parte de una de las situaciones más complicadas en la vida de las personas, donde se ha visto que gran parte de ellas no consiguen un adecuado proceso de adaptación a la ruptura, llevándoles a sufrir grandes efectos emocionales negativos, además de depresión, dificultades para adaptarse, problemas de salud, etc. (Tamez-Valdez y Ribeiro-Ferreira, 2016). Es por ello que el objetivo general de este programa es favorecer un adecuado proceso de adaptación al divorcio/separación de personas que están separadas o en proceso de redacción de los trámites para la separación mediante las variables: resiliencia, nivel de perdón hacia la expareja, resolución de conflictos, autoestima y autocuidado, aspectos que se han visto que favorecen dicho proceso. Por lo tanto, este programa se ha compuesto por siete sesiones teórico/prácticas desde el enfoque de la psicología positiva, con una duración de 90 minutos cada una, llevándose a cabo a lo largo de siete semanas. Por último, se realizará una evaluación pre y post intervención.Nowadays, divorces have increased considerably and are part of one of the most complicated situations in people's lives, and it has been seen that a large part of them do not achieve a correct process of adaptation to the breakup, leading them to suffer big negative emotional effects, besides depression, adaptation difficulties, health problems, etc. (Tamez-Valdez & Ribeiro-Ferreira, 2016). That is why the general objective of this program is to promote a correct process of adaptation to divorce/separation of people who are separated or in the process of drafting the procedures for separation through the variables: resilience, level of forgiveness towards the ex-partner, conflict resolution, self-esteem and self-care, aspects that have been seen in favor of this process. Therefore, this program is composed of seven theoretical/practical sessions from the perspective of positive psychology, with a duration of 90 minutes each one and will be carried for seven weeks. Finally, we will do a pre and post intervention assessment

The impact of bilingualism in within-language conflict resolution: an ERP study

We compared Spanish (L1)–English (L2) bilinguals and Spanish monolinguals in a semantic judgment relationship task in L1 that produced within-language conflict due to the coactivation of the two meanings of a Spanish homophone (e.g., “hola” and “ola” meaning “hello” and “a wave” in English). In this task, participants indicated if pairs of words were related or not (“agua-hola,” “waterhello”). Conflict arose because a word (“agua,” “water”) not related to the orthographic form of a homophone (“hola,” “hello”) was related to the alternative orthographic form (“ola,” “wave”). Compared to a control condition with unrelated word pairs (“peluche-hola,” “teddy-hello”), the behavioral results revealed greater behavioral interference in monolinguals compared to bilinguals. In addition, electrophysiological results revealed N400 differences between monolinguals and bilinguals. These results are discussed around the impact of bilingualism on conflict resolution.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019- 111359GBI00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

The influence of expertise in simultaneous interpreting on non-verbal executive processes

This study aimed to explore non-verbal executive processes in simultaneous interpreters. Simultaneous interpreters, bilinguals without any training in simultaneous interpreting, and control monolinguals performed the Wisconsin card sorting task (WCST, Experiment 1) and the Simon task (Experiment 2). Performance on WCST was thought to index cognitive flexibility while Simon task performance was considered an index of inhibitory processes. Simultaneous interpreters outperformed bilinguals and monolinguals on the WCST by showing reduced number of attempts to infer the rule, few errors, and few previous-category perseverations. However, simultaneous interpreters presented Simon effects similar to those found in bilinguals and monolinguals. Together, these results suggest that experience in interpreting is associated with changes in control processes required to perform interpreting tasks.SEJ2005-00842Ramón y CajalPSI2009-11094/PSIEDU2008-01111CSD2008-00048 Consolider Ingenio 2010 from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Spanish GovernmentProyecto de Excelencia de la JA-2007 y JA-2008_HUM 360