Abordajes en contexto de pandemia: dispositivo grupal de mujeres: un pasaje de lo presencial al territorio virtual

El presente artículo se propone compartir la experiencia de un dispositivo territorial, grupal e interdisciplinario para mujeres atravesadas por la vulnerabilidad social, desarrollado en Villa Soldati por Instituciones Públicas y del Tercer Sector. El mismo se llevó adelante entre los años 2018 y principios de 2020, posibilitando y sentando las bases para el armado de una red de acompañamiento en los tiempos que corren, marcados por el Covid 19 y el aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio. En primer lugar, se presenta el marco conceptual a partir de las categorías de salud, vulnerabilidad social, dispositivo grupal y red. En segundo lugar, se hace referencia al recorrido del espacio, que involucra el diagnóstico situacional inicial planificación y el diseño del dispositivo, sus principales objetivos y metas. Luego, se disponen algunos obstáculos y aprendizajes del espacio, entendiendo a los mismos como un aporte valioso a la reflexión en el abordaje comunitario de violencias. Para cerrar, se relata cómo las mismas mujeres participantes fueron reconfigurando el espacio adaptándolo al contexto actual y haciendo de la virtualidad un recurso para seguir sosteniendo el lazo social.The purpose of this paper is to share the experience of a group, territorial and interdisciplinary space for women which is characterized by the social vulnerability that takes place in Villa Soldati and in the third sector. This was developed between 2018 and early 2020, and it enabled and lay the foundations for the assembly of an accompaniment network in the current times, marked by covid19 and the social, preventive and mandatory isolation. In the first place, the theoretical framework is presented, with the following central categories: health, woman, social vulnerability, group device and network. In the second place, the journey that involves the initial situational diagnosis, the planning and design of the device, and their main objectives are made explicit. Then some of the obstacles and information about the space are presented, these are seen as valuable contributions to the reflection on communitary approach to violences. Finally, how the participating women themselves were reconfiguring the space, adapting it to the current context, and how they made use of virtual tools as a resource to continue supporting the social bond.Facultad de Psicologí

Real-world evidence for secukinumab in UK patients with psoriatic arthritis or radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: interim 2-year analysis from SERENA

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate retention rates for secukinumab in patients with active PsA or radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) treated in routine UK clinical practice. Methods: SERENA (CAIN457A3403) is an ongoing, non-interventional, international study of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis, active PsA or active r-axSpA, who had received secukinumab for ≥16 weeks before enrolment. The primary objective of this interim analysis was to assess treatment retention rates in patients with PsA or r-axSpA who were enrolled and followed for ≥2 years at centres in the UK. The safety analysis set includes all patients who received at least one dose of secukinumab. The target population set includes all patients who fulfilled the patient selection criteria. Results: The safety set comprised 189 patients (PsA, n = 81; r-axSpA, n = 108), and the target population set comprised 183 patients (PsA, n = 78; r-axSpA, n = 105). In the safety set, 107 patients (45 of 81 with PsA and 62 of 108 with r-axSpA) had previously received a biologic agent. Retention rates were similar between patients with PsA and r-axSpA after 1 year (PsA 91.0%, 95% CI: 84.0, 98.0; r-axSpA 89.2%, 95% CI: 82.7, 95.7) and 2 years (PsA 77.6%, 95% CI: 67.6, 87.7; r-axSpA 76.2%, 95% CI: 67.4, 85.0) of observation. Overall, 17.5% of patients (33 of 189) experienced at least one treatment-related adverse event, and 12.7% of patients (24 of 189) discontinued secukinumab because of adverse events. Conclusion: This analysis of real-world data from the UK demonstrates high retention rates for secukinumab over 2 years in patients with PsA or r-axSpA, with a favourable safety profile

Effect of aerobic exercise on cognition in younger adults: a randomized clinical trial

Objective To determine efficacy of aerobic exercise for cognitive function in younger healthy adults. Methods In a randomized, parallel-group, observer-masked, community-based clinical trial, 132 cognitively normal individuals aged 20–67 with below median aerobic capacity were randomly assigned to one of two 6-month, 4-times-weekly conditions: aerobic exercise and stretching/toning. Efficacy measures included aerobic capacity; cognitive function in several domains (executive function, episodic memory, processing speed, language, and attention), everyday function, body mass index (BMI), and cortical thickness. Results Aerobic capacity increased significantly (β = 2.718; p = 0.003), and BMI decreased significantly (β = −0.596; p = 0.013) in the aerobic exercise but not in the stretching/toning condition. Executive function improved significantly in the aerobic exercise condition; this effect was moderated by age (β = 0.018 SD/y; p = 0.028). At age 40, the executive function measure increased by 0.228 SD (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.007–0.448), and by 0.596 SD (95% CI 0.219–0.973) at age 60. Cortical thickness increased significantly in the aerobic exercise group in a left frontal region and did not interact with age. Controlling for age and baseline performance, individuals with at least one APOE ε4 allele showed less improvement in executive function with aerobic exercise (β = 0.5129, 95% CI 0.0381–0.988; p = 0.0346). Conclusions This randomized clinical trial demonstrates the efficacy of aerobic exercise for cognition in adults age 20–67. The effect of aerobic exercise on executive function was more pronounced as age increased, suggesting that it may mitigate age-related declines. Increased cortical thickness suggests that aerobic exercise contributes to brain health in individuals as young as age 20. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01179958. Classification of evidence This study provides Class II evidence that for adults age 20–67 with below median aerobic capacity, aerobic exercise significantly improves executive function but not other measures of cognitive function

QUANTITATIVE VS. CONVENTIONAL PCR FOR DETECTION OF HUMAN ADENOVIRUSES IN WATER AND SEDIMENT SAMPLES

SUMMARY Human Adenoviruses (HAdV) are notably resistant in the environment. These agents may serve as effective indicators of fecal contamination, and may act as causative agents of a number of different diseases in human beings. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and, more recently, quantitative PCR (qPCR) are widely used for detection of viral agents in environmental matrices. In the present study PCR and SYBR(r)Green qPCR assays were compared for detection of HAdV in water (55) and sediments (20) samples of spring and artesian wells, ponds and streams, collected from dairy farms. By the quantitative methodology HAdV were detected in 87.3% of the water samples and 80% of the sediments, while by the conventional PCR 47.3% and 35% were detected in water samples and sediments, respectively

Identifying candidate genes affecting developmental time in Drosophila melanogaster: pervasive pleiotropy and gene-by-environment interaction

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Understanding the genetic architecture of ecologically relevant adaptive traits requires the contribution of developmental and evolutionary biology. The time to reach the age of reproduction is a complex life history trait commonly known as developmental time. In particular, in holometabolous insects that occupy ephemeral habitats, like fruit flies, the impact of developmental time on fitness is further exaggerated. The present work is one of the first systematic studies of the genetic basis of developmental time, in which we also evaluate the impact of environmental variation on the expression of the trait.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We analyzed 179 co-isogenic single <it>P[GT1]-</it>element insertion lines of <it>Drosophila melanogaster </it>to identify novel genes affecting developmental time in flies reared at 25°C. Sixty percent of the lines showed a heterochronic phenotype, suggesting that a large number of genes affect this trait. Mutant lines for the genes <it>Merlin </it>and <it>Karl </it>showed the most extreme phenotypes exhibiting a developmental time reduction and increase, respectively, of over 2 days and 4 days relative to the control (a co-isogenic <it>P</it>-element insertion free line). In addition, a subset of 42 lines selected at random from the initial set of 179 lines was screened at 17°C. Interestingly, the gene-by-environment interaction accounted for 52% of total phenotypic variance. Plastic reaction norms were found for a large number of developmental time candidate genes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We identified components of several integrated time-dependent pathways affecting egg-to-adult developmental time in <it>Drosophila</it>. At the same time, we also show that many heterochronic phenotypes may arise from changes in genes involved in several developmental mechanisms that do not explicitly control the timing of specific events. We also demonstrate that many developmental time genes have pleiotropic effects on several adult traits and that the action of most of them is sensitive to temperature during development. Taken together, our results stress the need to take into account the effect of environmental variation and the dynamics of gene interactions on the genetic architecture of this complex life-history trait.</p

Herpesvirus entry mediator (TNFRSF14) regulates the persistence of T helper memory cell populations

Blocking HVEM–LIGHT interactions on T cells reduces the persistence of antigen-specific memory T cell populations after secondary expansion through decreased Akt activity and loss of Bcl-2 expression

CD152 (CTLA-4) Determines CD4 T Cell Migration In Vitro and In Vivo

BACKGROUND:Migration of antigen-experienced T cells to secondary lymphoid organs and the site of antigenic-challenge is a mandatory prerequisite for the precise functioning of adaptive immune responses. The surface molecule CD152 (CTLA-4) is mostly considered as a negative regulator of T cell activation during immune responses. It is currently unknown whether CD152 can also influence chemokine-driven T cell migration. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We analyzed the consequences of CD152 signaling on Th cell migration using chemotaxis assays in vitro and radioactive cell tracking in vivo. We show here that the genetic and serological inactivation of CD152 in Th1 cells reduced migration towards CCL4, CXCL12 and CCL19, but not CXCL9, in a G-protein dependent manner. In addition, retroviral transduction of CD152 cDNA into CD152 negative cells restored Th1 cell migration. Crosslinking of CD152 together with CD3 and CD28 stimulation on activated Th1 cells increased expression of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR7, which in turn enhanced cell migration. Using sensitive liposome technology, we show that mature dendritic cells but not activated B cells were potent at inducing surface CD152 expression and the CD152-mediated migration-enhancing signals. Importantly, migration of CD152 positive Th1 lymphocytes in in vivo experiments increased more than 200% as compared to CD152 negative counterparts showing that indeed CD152 orchestrates specific migration of selected Th1 cells to sites of inflammation and antigenic challenge in vivo. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:We show here, that CD152 signaling does not just silence cells, but selects individual ones for migration. This novel activity of CD152 adds to the already significant role of CD152 in controlling peripheral immune responses by allowing T cells to localize correctly during infection. It also suggests that interference with CD152 signaling provides a tool for altering the cellular composition at sites of inflammation and antigenic challenge

Multiproject–multicenter evaluation of automatic brain tumor classification by magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Contains fulltext : 75361.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)14 p

Symptom-based stratification of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: multi-dimensional characterisation of international observational cohorts and reanalyses of randomised clinical trials

Background Heterogeneity is a major obstacle to developing effective treatments for patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. We aimed to develop a robust method for stratification, exploiting heterogeneity in patient-reported symptoms, and to relate these differences to pathobiology and therapeutic response. Methods We did hierarchical cluster analysis using five common symptoms associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pain, fatigue, dryness, anxiety, and depression), followed by multinomial logistic regression to identify subgroups in the UK Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Registry (UKPSSR). We assessed clinical and biological differences between these subgroups, including transcriptional differences in peripheral blood. Patients from two independent validation cohorts in Norway and France were used to confirm patient stratification. Data from two phase 3 clinical trials were similarly stratified to assess the differences between subgroups in treatment response to hydroxychloroquine and rituximab. Findings In the UKPSSR cohort (n=608), we identified four subgroups: Low symptom burden (LSB), high symptom burden (HSB), dryness dominant with fatigue (DDF), and pain dominant with fatigue (PDF). Significant differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibody positivity, as well as serum IgG, κ-free light chain, β2-microglobulin, and CXCL13 concentrations were observed between these subgroups, along with differentially expressed transcriptomic modules in peripheral blood. Similar findings were observed in the independent validation cohorts (n=396). Reanalysis of trial data stratifying patients into these subgroups suggested a treatment effect with hydroxychloroquine in the HSB subgroup and with rituximab in the DDF subgroup compared with placebo. Interpretation Stratification on the basis of patient-reported symptoms of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome revealed distinct pathobiological endotypes with distinct responses to immunomodulatory treatments. Our data have important implications for clinical management, trial design, and therapeutic development. Similar stratification approaches might be useful for patients with other chronic immune-mediated diseases. Funding UK Medical Research Council, British Sjogren's Syndrome Association, French Ministry of Health, Arthritis Research UK, Foundation for Research in Rheumatology

Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape

Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens to view mammal responses to changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 species sampled in 102 projects around the world, changes in the amount and timing of animal activity varied widely. Under higher human activity, mammals were less active in undeveloped areas but unexpectedly more active in developed areas while exhibiting greater nocturnality. Carnivores were most sensitive, showing the strongest decreases in activity and greatest increases in nocturnality. Wildlife managers must consider how habituation and uneven sensitivity across species may cause fundamental differences in human–wildlife interactions along gradients of human influence.Peer reviewe