Beyond the local marriage market

This study examines whether the increase of geographical heterogamy in the nineteenth and early twentieth century is related to modernization. Specifically, we test whether mass communication and mass transport enhanced the likelihood of a geographically heterogamous marriage as well as the distance over which heterogamous marriages took place. Furthermore, we study whether modernization decreased the relationship between social background and geographical heterogamy. We employ individual and municipality level data of some 30,000 marriages in over 40 municipalities in the Dutch province Overijssel between 1823 and 1922. The results from our multi-level analyses suggest that mass communication was more important than mass transport.geographical homogamy, mass communication, mass transport, migration, modernization, status homogamy

Studying historical occupational careers with multilevel growth models

In this article we propose to study occupational careers with historical data by using multilevel growth models. Historical career data are often characterized by a lack of information on the timing of occupational changes and by different numbers of observations of occupations per individual. Growth models can handle these specificities, whereas standard methods, such as event history analyses can’t. We illustrate the use of growth models by studying career success of men and women, using data from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands. The results show that the method is applicable to male careers, but causes trouble when analyzing female careers.careers, growth models, historical data

Demography and Aging: Long Term Effects of Divorce, Early Widowhood, And Migration on Resources and Integration in Old Age

Do characteristics of the marital and migration history of the elderly population of West-Berlin matter for their present resources and societal integration? To answer this question we analyse data from the Berlin Aging Study. We show that for resources in old age, it is important when and under what circumstances women lost their partner. Divorced women and WWll widows are financially worse off than never married women, still married women, and more recent widows, and they also evaluate their health more negatively than others. The migration history seems equally important. Financial resources, social resources, and societal integration in old age depend on characteristics like region of birth and having experienced flight or expulsion. But contrary to the effects of divorce and early widowhood for women, here we could not generally speak of one group of looser

Industrialization and Intergenerational Mobility in Sweden

The relationship between industrialization and intergenerational mobility has been a topic of discussion for over forty years. In this article both total mobility and relative mobility chances are studied in the decades preceding industrialization and the decades during industrialization. A high-quality data set is used covering the male population of a region in the north of Sweden during the 19th century. Total intergenerational mobility increased during industrialization until, at the end of the century, both industrialization and the growth of mobility stagnated. Sectorial barriers resulted in unequal relative mobility chances before and also during industrialization. However, sons from self-employed classes were less likely to inherit the class position of their father after the onset of industrialization. At the same time, mobility between classes differing in status became less frequent. These results show a decline in the importance of the direct transfer of resources between generations and may indicate the increasing importance of education

Chancengleichheit durch die Bildungsexpansion

Die Frage nach der Angleichung der Bildungschancen konnte bisher nicht befriedigend beantwortet werden. Einerseits kann man aufgrund des Schulausbaus und der größeren Durchlässigkeit des Schulsystems einen Abbau von Bildungsbarrieren erwarten. Andererseits spricht der Beitrag des Bildungssystems zu der Reproduktion der Klassenstruktur für eine Fortdauer sozialer Ungleichheiten im Bildungssystem. Der Beitrag basiert auf einer empirischen Untersuchung zu den Veränderungen der Chancengleichheit im Bildungssystem der (alten) Bundesrepublik. Es werden hierzu Daten der Lebensverlaufsstudie am Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung in Berlin für die Geburtskohorten 1919-21, 1929-31, 1939-41, 1949-51, 1954-56 und 1959-61 ausgewertet. Die Analyse lässt erhebliche Unterschiede in den Bildungsentscheidungen zwischen Stadt und Land sowie dem Norden, dem Süden und der Mitte der Bundesrepublik erkennen. Die Berücksichtigung dieses Aspekts verändert jedoch nicht die geschätzten Effekte. Die Schätzungen bestätigen, dass die Bildungsentscheidungen vom Straus des Vaters, der Bildung der Eltern, der Zahl der Geschwister und der beruflichen Bildung der Eltern beeinflusst sind. (ICB2

First-generation students’ educational outcomes: The role of parental educational, cultural, and economic capital – A 9-years panel study

We examined the role of parental educational, cultural, and economic capital in differences between first-generation students’ (FGS) and continuous-generation students’ (CGS) educational outcomes: enrollment in a selective university, university performance, the probability of dropout, and the probability of pursuing a master's or PhD program. We analyzed data from nine waves of a cohort of 5000 Russian students surveyed yearly from 2012 to 2020. We applied structural equation modeling that allowed to conduct a multiple multivariate regression analysis and to correct for measurement error. We found that FGS are 10.8 percentage points less likely to choose a selective university and are 10.7 percentage points less likely to choose to follow a graduate program. But they do not differ from CGS in university performance and the likelihood of dropout. FGS are clearly positively selected on capitals and performance, but they still have on average less parental capital and worse school performance than CGS. Parental educational and cultural capitals partly explain the differences in educational outcomes between FGS and CGS, because they improve school and university performance. Cultural capital is an especially important mediator for choosing a selective university, while educational capital is important for the other three educational outcomes. Parental economic capital plays no role in explaining educational differences between FGS and CGS. Generally, FGS and CGS benefit equally from parental capital, except FGS profiting less from parental educational capital when entering a graduate program

What is your mother doing? The influence of mother’s occupational status on her children’s educational outcomes and how it is related to father’s influence

In this article, we investigated the influence of mother’s occupational status on her child’s educational outcomes and to what extent this depends on father’s occupational status. Based on the Breen and Goldthorpe (1997) model, we expected that mother’s occupational status positively affects the educational outcomes of her child, although this influence may be weaker than father’s influence due to remains of traditional gender roles in the Netherlands. Second, we expected that daughters benefit more from mother’s occupational status than sons. Finally, we derived from the dominance model (Erikson, 1984) that the positive influence of mother’s occupational status becomes weaker when father’s occupational status is higher. The three hypotheses were tested with datasets from the LISS panel in 2012 on 1.176 Dutch participants who grew up in dual earner households. The results of multilevel regression analyses show that mother’s occupational status indeed has a moderately positive effect on her child’s education level. This effect does not differ between sons and daughters and is independent of fathers’ occupational status. Unexpectedly, father’s occupational status does not affect his child’s educational level when mother’s occupational status is taken into account. This suggests that in dual earner households mother’s occupational status is more relevant than father’s occupational status