146 research outputs found
Structural Polymorphism Kinetics Promoted by Charged Oxygen Vacancy in HfO
Defects such as oxygen vacancy are widely considered to be critical for the
performance of HfO2-based devices, and yet atomistic mechanisms underlying
various exotic effects such as wake-up and fluid imprint remain elusive. Here,
guided by a lattice-mode-matching criterion, we systematically study the phase
transitions between different polymorphs of hafnia under the influences of
neutral and positively charged oxygen vacancies by mapping out the minimum
energy pathways using a first-principles-based variable-cell nudged elastic
band technique. We find that the positively charged oxygen vacancy can
substantially promote the transition of various nonpolar phases to the polar
phase kinetically, enabled by a transient high-energy tetragonal phase and
extreme charge-carrier-inert ferroelectricity of the polar phase. The
intricate coupling between structural polymorphism kinetics and the charge
state of the oxygen vacancy has important implications for the origin of
ferroelectricity in HfO-based thin films as well as wake-up, fluid imprint,
and inertial switching
Climatic Efficiency Analysis of Ten Leading UK Offshore Wind Farms: A Data-Driven Approach
As wind energy becomes increasingly important in globalenergy systems, accurately evaluating the performance of wind farms isessential for understanding wind generation efficiency and fostering sustainabledevelopment. The aim of this paper is to assess wind powergeneration efficiency under different climatic wind conditions. A datadrivenapproach is used to simulate the power generation of ten leadingwind farms in the UK, using real wind data and geographic informationwhile considering wake effects. Furthermore, to evaluate whetherthese wind farms perform optimally when climate-related wind patternschange, we modify the layouts of the wind farms and compare their performancewith the original designs. Extensive results from 15 years (2008to 2023) of wind data show that the originally designed layouts of theseten leading wind farms will no longer be optimal when the wind resourcechanges
Modular development of deep potential for complex solid solutions
The multicomponent oxide solid solution is a versatile platform to tune the
delicate balance between competing spin, charge, orbital, and lattice degrees
of freedom for materials design and discovery. The development of
compositionally complex oxides with superior functional properties has been
largely empirical and serendipitous, in part due to the exceedingly complex
chemistry and structure of solid solutions that span a range of length scales.
The classical molecular dynamics (MD), as a powerful statistical method to
investigate materials properties over large spatial and temporal scales, often
plays a secondary role in computer-aided materials discovery because of the
limited availability and accuracy of classical force fields. Here, we introduce
the strategy of ``modular developing deep potential" (ModDP) that enables a
systematic development and improvement of deep neural network-based model
potential, termed as deep potential, for complex solid solutions with minimum
human intervention. The converged training database associated with an
end-member material is treated as an independent module and is reused to train
the deep potential of solid solutions via a concurrent learning procedure. We
apply ModDP to obtain classical force fields of two technologically important
solid solutions, PbSrTiO and HfZrO. For both
materials systems, a single model potential is capable of predicting various
properties of solid solutions including temperature-driven and
composition-driven phase transitions over a wide range of compositions. In
particular, the deep potential of PbSrTiO reproduces a few
known topological textures such as polar vortex lattice and electric dipole
waves in PbTiO/SrTiO superlattices, paving the way for MD
investigations on the dynamics of topological structures in response to
external stimuli.Comment: 32 pages, 9 figure
Semiconducting nonperovskite ferroelectric oxynitride designed ab initio
Recent discovery of HfO2-based and nitride-based ferroelectrics that are
compatible to the semiconductor manufacturing process have revitalized the
field of ferroelectric-based nanoelectronics. Guided by a simple design
principle of charge compensation and density functional theory calculations, we
discover HfO2-like mixed-anion materials, TaON and NbON, can crystallize in the
polar Pca21 phase with a strong thermodynamic driving force to adopt anion
ordering spontaneously. Both oxynitrides possess large remnant polarization,
low switching barriers, and unconventional negative piezoelectric effect,
making them promising piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics. Distinct from HfO2
that has a wide band gap, both TaON and NbON can absorb visible light and have
high charge carrier mobilities, suitable for ferroelectric photovoltaic and
photocatalytic applications. This new class of multifunctional nonperovskite
oxynitride containing economical and environmentally benign elements offer a
platform to design and optimize high-performing ferroelectric semiconductors
for integrated systems
Oxygen-vacancy Mediated Deterministic Domain Distribution at the Onset of Ferroelectricity
Ferroelectric domains are mesoscale structures that mediate between
synchronized atomic-scale ion displacements and switchable macroscopic
polarization. Here, we evaluated the randomness of the domain distribution at
the onset of ferroelectricity. First-principle calculations combined with
atomic-scale imaging demonstrate that oxygen vacancies that serve as pinning
sites for the ferroic domain walls remain immobile above the Curie temperature.
Thus, upon cooling to a ferroelectric state, these oxygen vacancies dictate
reproducible domain-wall patterning. Domain-scale imaging with
variable-temperature piezoresponse force microscopy confirmed the memory
effect, questioning the spontaneity of domain distribution under thermotropic
transitions
Potential Applications of Remote Limb Ischemic Conditioning for Chronic Cerebral Circulation Insufficiency
Chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCCI) refers to a chronic decrease in cerebral blood perfusion, which may lead to cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders such as depression, and acute ischemic stroke. Remote limb ischemic conditioning (RLIC), in which the limbs are subjected to a series of transient ischemic attacks, can activate multiple endogenous protective mechanisms to attenuate fatal ischemic injury to distant organs due to acute ischemia, such as ischemic stroke. Recent studies have also reported that RLIC can alleviate dysfunction in distant organs caused by chronic, non-fatal reductions in blood supply (e.g., CCCI). Indeed, research has indicated that RLIC may exert neuroprotective effects against CCCI through a variety of potential mechanisms, including attenuated glutamate excitotoxicity, improved endothelial function, increased cerebral blood flow, regulation of autophagy and immune responses, suppression of apoptosis, the production of protective humoral factors, and attenuated accumulation of amyloid-β. Verification of these findings is necessary to improve prognosis and reduce the incidence of acute ischemic stroke/cognitive impairment in patients with CCCI
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