Jain Buddhist Virtue in Purananuru

The Indian philosophy is based on the Vedas, and based on these Vedas, philosophies are divided into Vedic-accepting and Vedic-rejecting philosophies. These are called Vedic and Avedic philosophies respectively.  It is a constant argument of scholars that Indian philosophies based on the Vedas are antiquated. Sangyam, Yogam, Nyayam, Vaisedigam, Purvamimamsa, Utiramimamsa, Buddhism, Jainism, Asivakam are the Avedic philosophies. This article is to find out how these anti-vedic philosophies and Jain Buddhist religious values have been influenced in purananuru

Formation of linear plasmid multimers promoted by the phage lambda Red-system in lon mutants of Escherichia coli

We report here the formation of plasmid linear multimers promoted by the Red-system of phage lambda using a multicopy plasmid comprised of lambda redα, and redβ genes, under the control of the lambda cl 857 repressor. Our observations have revealed that the multimerization of plasmid DNA is dependent on the redβ and recA genes, suggesting a concerted role for these functions in the formation of plasmid multimers. The formation of multimers occurred in a recBCD+ sbcB+ xthA+ lon genetic background at a higher frequency than in the isogenic lon+ host cells. The multimers comprised tandem repeats of monomer plasmid DNA. Treatment of purified plasmid DNA with exonuclease III revealed the presence of free double-chain ends in the molecules. Determination of the size of multimeric DNA, by pulse field gel electrophoresis, revealed that the bulk of the DNA was in the range 50-240 kb, representing approximately 5-24 unit lengths of monomeric plasmid DNA. We provide a conceptual framework for Red-system-promoted formation and enhanced accumulation of plasmid linear multimers in lon mutants of E. coli

Dynamic Model for Flow and Droplet Deposition in Direct Ceramic Ink-jet Printing

A rapid fabrication technique, for building microceramic parts, using a dropon-demand ceramic ink-jet printer is currently under development. This finds application in producing ceramic cores for gas turbines, space applications, and ceramic hybrid electromechanical systems. Another application is in the use of intelligent inks, in which particles assemble themselves so as to interrupt the signals in a particular direction and to produce a suitable output for tactical applications. An attempt has been made to develo~a mathematical model for dro~leflo rmation from orifice and itsdewsition on subsmate. The distributidn of energy supplied to the pi~zoelectrica ctuator in the ink-jet p&t head is modelled and ejected droplet parameters (diameter and velocity) were related to the force imparted by the piezodisc. This model was extended to develop a relation for maxlmum droplet spread that occurs during impact. h p l e t spread determines the lateral resolution of the system and the thickness of each deposited layer

Bioremediation of Cr (VI) from Tannery effluent using Bacillus spp and Staphylococcus spp

In the present study, biosorption of Chromium by microorganisms from tannery effluent were investigated. The efficient bacteria isolated from tannery effluent were identified as Bacillus spp and Staphylococcus spp. The effect of pH and temperature on the biosorption capacity was investigated. The optimum pH and temperature was found to be pH 7 and 37ºC for Bacillus spp followed by Staphylococcus spp, the optimum pH was 8 and temperature 37ºC respectively. The maximum adsorption of Chromium (86.4 mg/L) was showed by Bacillus spp and Staphylococcus spp showed 70.6 mg/L at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L. Both the isolates exhibited high resistance to heavy metals with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for heavy metals ranging from 0.05 mg/L to 5 mg/L. Minimum inhibitory concentration of Cr (VI) resistant Bacillus spp 3.8 mg/L and Staphylococcus spp were 2.5 mg/L respectively

A study on median nerve conduction velocity in different age groups

Background: Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCS) is a test to measure the speed and electrical activity in a nerve. Physiological factors like age, temperature, height, gender affect the nerve conduction velocity. There is paucity on the data regarding the age group at which these changes become significant. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the specific age group at which changes in nerve conduction velocity occurs.Methods: 103 individuals in the age group of 15-65 years participated in the study. They were grouped into, Group I in the age group of 15-30 (n=40) years, Group II 31-45 years (n=31), Group III 46-60 years (n=32). Median motor and sensory conduction velocity were determined.Results: There was a significant correlation between age and median motor (p=0) and sensory (p=0) conduction velocities. There was a significant decreasing trend observed in Group III.Conclusions: Age has definite correlation with the NCS in median motor and sensory nerves. It is essential to have reference values with relation to age

RecA protein promoted homologous pairing in vitro. Pairing between linear duplex DNA bound to HU Protein (nucleosome cores) and nucleoprotein filaments of recA protein-single-stranded DNA

RecA protein promotes two distinct types of synaptic structures between circular single strands and duplex DNA; paranemic joints, where true intertwining of paired strands is prohibited and the classically intertwined plectonemic form of heteroduplex DNA. Paranemic joints are less stable than plectonemic joints and are believed to be the precursors for the formation of plectonemic joints. We present evidence that under strand exchange conditions the binding of HU protein, from Escherichia coli, to duplex DNA differentially affects homologous pairing in vitro. This conclusion is based on the observation that the formation of paranemic joint molecules was not affected, whereas the formation of plectonemic joint molecules was inhibited from the start of the reaction. Furthermore, introduction of HU protein into an ongoing reaction stalls further increase in the rate of the reaction. By contrast, binding of HU protein to circular single strands has neither stimulatory nor inhibitory effect. Since the formation of paranemic joint molecules is believed to generate positive supercoiling in the duplex DNA, we have examined the ability of positive superhelical DNA to serve as a template in the formation of paranemic joint molecules. The inert positively supercoiled DNA could be converted into an active substrate, in situ, by the action of wheat germ topoisomerase I. Taken collectively, these results indicate that the structural features of the bacterial chromosome which include DNA supercoiling and organization of DNA into nucleosome-like structures by HU protein modulate homologous pairing promoted by the nucleoprotein filaments of recA protein single-stranded DNA

GERMINATION CHANGES OF HELIANTHNS ANNUUS L. UNDER TANNERY EFFLUENT STRESS

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Wastewater from leather processing, a major industry that produces upto enormous waste water. The wastewater contains valuable nutrients, but also contaminants, such as salts and heavy metals, that might affect soil processes and crop production. The present investigated, effluent was examined for its chemical constituents and the various concentrations on the seed germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll, carbohydrates and protein content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The results low concentration (20%) of the tannery waste water promoted the germination, percentage growth, fresh dry weight of sunflower seedlings, whereas the higher concentration (above 20%) reduce the above all the parameters like percentage of germination, chlorophyll, carbohydrate and protein contents of sunflower showed decreasing trend with increasing effluent concentrations. The observation also indicates organ specific differences in the growth of seedlings in presence of different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) of tannery effluent. However, the tannery effluents due to presence of chemicals are not suitable for inclusion in irrigation system

Bioadsorption of chromium resistant enterococcus casseliflavus isolated from tannery effluents.

Bioadsorption, bioaccumulation and enzymatic reduction are the processes by which the microorganisms interact with the toxic metals, enabling their removal or recovery. In the present study, a bacterial strain was isolated from tannery effluent and identified as Enterococcus casseliflavus. It showed a high level resistance of 800 µg/ml chromium. The minimal inhibitory concentration of chromium was found to be 512 µg/ml of potassium dichromate in Nutrient broth medium. The chromium adsorption was more significant by the live cells than killed cells at different time intervals. It was observed that, the inoculation of Enterococcus casseliflavus reduced the BOD and COD values of tannery effluent. The maximum adsorption of chromium was at a temperature of 35ºC to 45ºC and at a pH of 7.0 to 7.

EFFECT OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA ON HALOPERIDOLINDUCED PARKINSON'S DISEASE IN WISTAR RATS

  Objective: Prolonged usage of neuroleptics in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia provokes extrapyramidal symptoms that are also seen in Parkinson's disease. An attempt has been made to study the neuroprotective role of Achyranthes aspera hydroalcoholic (HA) extract on haloperidol-induced Parkinson's symptoms in Wistar rats.Methods: The present study deals with the antiparkinson effect of HA extract of A. aspera on haloperidol (2 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration)- induced catatonia in Wistar rats. The motor coordination in case of haloperidol-treated animals was studied by performing rotarod test and hang test. Dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were estimated using an electrochemical detector and high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant status was also assessed to know the neurotoxicity of haloperidol by estimating the levels of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, and reduced GSH by performing individual assays.Results: All these assessments were done on 24 Wistar rats which were divided into four groups (n=6). HA was administered at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, 30 minutes before haloperidol treatment for 20 days. HA significantly (*p<0.05, **p<0.01) improved the antioxidant status.Conclusion: The results shown that HA shows a protective role in haloperidol catalepsy and also possess antioxidant property

Bioadsorption of Chromium Resistant Enterococcus casseliflavus Isolated from Tannery Effluents

AbstractBioadsorption, bioaccumulation and enzymatic reduction are the processes by which the microorganisms interact with the toxic metals, enabling their removal or recovery. In the present study, a bacterial strain was isolated from tannery effluent and identified as Enterococcus casseliflavus. It showed a high level resistance of 800 µg/ml chromium. The minimal inhibitory concentration of chromium was found to be 512 µg/ml of potassium dichromate in Nutrient broth medium. The chromium adsorption was more significant by the live cells than killed cells at different time intervals. It was observed that, the inoculation of Enterococcus casseliflavus reduced the BOD and COD values of tannery effluent. The maximum adsorption of chromium was at a temperature of 35ºC to 45ºC and at a pH of 7.0 to 7.5