Validity and reliability of subjective methods to assess sedentary behaviour in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Subjective measures of sedentary behaviour (SB) (i.e. questionnaires and diaries/logs) are widely implemented, and can be useful for capturing type and context of SBs. However, little is known about comparative validity and reliability. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to: 1) identify subjective methods to assess overall, domain- and behaviour-specific SB, and 2) examine the validity and reliability of these methods. METHODS: The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and SPORTDiscus were searched up to March 2020. Inclusion criteria were: 1) assessment of SB, 2) evaluation of subjective measurement tools, 3) being performed in healthy adults, 4) manuscript written in English, and 5) paper was peer-reviewed. Data of validity and/or reliability measurements was extracted from included studies and a meta-analysis using random effects was performed to assess the pooled correlation coefficients of the validity. RESULTS: The systematic search resulted in 2423 hits. After excluding duplicates and screening on title and abstract, 82 studies were included with 75 self-reported measurement tools. There was wide variability in the measurement properties and quality of the studies. The criterion validity varied between poor-to-excellent (correlation coefficient [R] range - 0.01- 0.90) with logs/diaries (R = 0.63 [95%CI 0.48-0.78]) showing higher criterion validity compared to questionnaires (R = 0.35 [95%CI 0.32-0.39]). Furthermore, correlation coefficients of single- and multiple-item questionnaires were comparable (1-item R = 0.34; 2-to-9-items R = 0.35; ≥10-items R = 0.37). The reliability of SB measures was moderate-to-good, with the quality of these studies being mostly fair-to-good. CONCLUSION: Logs and diaries are recommended to validly and reliably assess self-reported SB. However, due to time and resources constraints, 1-item questionnaires may be preferred to subjectively assess SB in large-scale observations when showing similar validity and reliability compared to longer questionnaires. REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018105994

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Not AvailableGenetic variability is prerequisite for any crop improvement program as it helps breeders in selection process. For this purpose, present study aimed to estimate genetic parameters of eleven quantitative characters along with reaction for yellow rust resistance of 243 segregating lines of wheat during F4 and F5 generations derived from two crosses, viz., WH 1105 x WH 711 and RAJ 3765 x WH 711. Moderate to high values of GCV and PCV were observed for grain weight/ear, grain yield/plant, biological yield/plant, 100-grain weight, ear weight, number of tillers/plant and number of grains/ear. The heritability estimates were high for number of tillers/plant, ear weight, number of grains/ear, 100-grain weight, biological yield/plant and grain yield/plant. The heritability estimates were high for number of tillers/plant, ear weight, number of grains/ear, 100-grain weight, biological yield/plant and grain yield/plant. Genetic advance as per cent of mean was moderate for grain weight/ear, grain yield/plant, 100-grain weight, biological yield/plant, ear weight, number of tillers/plant and number of grains/ear. High heritability with high genetic advance was observed for number of tillers/plant, grain weight/ear, 100-grain weight and grain yield/plant indicating predominance of additive gene effects and possibilities of effective selection for the improvement of these characters. The reaction to yellow rust varied from highly resistant to highly susceptible among the progenies of both the generations.Not Availabl

Morphological spectrum of gallstone disease in 1100 cholecystectomies in North India

BACKGROUND: Gallstones are a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In India, they are seven times more common in the North as compared to the South. AIMS: To study the morphological spectrum of gallstone disease in the stone- belt of India, and to understand its probable etiopathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Morphological spectrum of gallstone disease was studied in 1100 cholecystectomies over a period of 3 years in the past. RESULTS: There was a preponderance of females (M: F ratio 1: 6.4). The age of the patients varied from 10 to 90 years with maximum number of cases between 31 and 40 years of age. On morphological analysis, gallstones were of mixed type in 686 cases (62.3%), pigment type in 34 cases (3.2%), cholesterol type in 182 cases (17.3%), and combined type in 148 cases (14%). Other lesions associated with chronic cholecystitis were cholesterolosis in 112 cases (10.1%), xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis in 26 cases (2.3%), follicular cholecystitis in 26 cases (2.3%), ceroid granulomas in ten cases (0.9%), eosinophilic cholecystitis in six cases (0.5%), and carcinoma in 12 cases (1.09%). Maximum number of carcinomas were associated with pigment stones, that is, 7 out of 12 cases (58.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The morphological spectrum of gallstone disease in this stone-belt of India will certainly contribute to understand its etiopathogenesis, and hence prevention. However, further studies on the biochemical composition of stones and their association with morphological changes are required to clarify the etiopathogenesis