17 research outputs found
Non-relativistic Matrix Inflation
We reconsider a string theoretic inflationary model, where inflation is
driven by multiple coincident -branes in the finite limit. We show
that the finite action can be continued to the limit of large , where it
converges to the action for a wrapped -brane with units of U(1) flux.
This provides an important consistency check of the scenario and allows for
more control over certain back-reaction effects. We determine the most general
form of the action for a specific sub-class of models and examine the
non-relativistic limits of the theory where the branes move at speeds much less
than the speed of light. The non-Abelian nature of the world-volume theory
implies that the inflaton field is matrix valued and this results in
modifications to the slow-roll parameters and Hubble-flow equations. A specific
small field model of inflation is investigated where the branes move out of an
AdS throat, and observational constraints are employed to place bounds on the
background fluxes.Comment: 25 page
Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays
The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference