Unlocking the potential of big data to support tactical performance analysis in professional soccer:A systematic review

In professional soccer, increasing amounts of data are collected that harness great potential when it comes to analysing tactical behaviour. Unlocking this potential is difficult as big data challenges the data management and analytics methods commonly employed in sports. By joining forces with computer science, solutions to these challenges could be achieved, helping sports science to find new insights, as is happening in other scientific domains. We aim to bring multiple domains together in the context of analysing tactical behaviour in soccer using position tracking data. A systematic literature search for studies employing position tracking data to study tactical behaviour in soccer was conducted in seven electronic databases, resulting in 2338 identified studies and finally the inclusion of 73 papers. Each domain clearly contributes to the analysis of tactical behaviour, albeit in - sometimes radically - different ways. Accordingly, we present a multidisciplinary framework where each domain's contributions to feature construction, modelling and interpretation can be situated. We discuss a set of key challenges concerning the data analytics process, specifically feature construction, spatial and temporal aggregation. Moreover, we discuss how these challenges could be resolved through multidisciplinary collaboration, which is pivotal in unlocking the potential of position tracking data in sports analytics.Highlights Over the recent years, there has been a considerable growth in studies on tactical behaviour using position tracking data, especially in the domains of sports science and computer science. Yet both domains have contributed distinctly different studies, with the first being more focused on developing theories and practical implications, and the latter more on developing techniques.Considerable opportunities exist for collaboration between sports science and computer science in the study of tactics in soccer, especially when using position tracking data.Collaborations between the domains of sports science and computer science benefit from a stronger dialogue yielding a cyclical collaboration.We have proposed a framework that could serve as the foundation for the combination of sports science and computer science expertise in tactical analysis in soccer

Aplicação de técnicas de mapeamento digital de solos no âmbito do zoneamento ecológico-econômico do bioma Amazônia no Maranhão.

O conhecimento dos solos e de sua distribuição espacial na paisagem é um importante instrumento para o planejamento do uso das terras e para tomada de decisões para subsidiar políticas públicas, tais como o Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico (ZEE). Esse conhecimento pode ser adquirido pelo levantamento e mapeamento pedológico convencional e/ou por meio da técnica de Mapeamento Digital de Solos (MDS). No Brasil, estudos relacionados à aplicação das técnicas de MDS iniciaram nos anos 2000, com o ?2nd Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping?, organizado pela Embrapa Solos em 2004, onde vários estudos brasileiros foram apresentados, buscaram maximizar o uso de mapas e informações de solos pré-existentes (dados legados) e assim fornecer estimativas de classes e atributos do solo para áreas mais amplas. O presente trabalho teve como finalidade utilizar a técnica de MDS no MA com os seguintes objetivos: (a) organizar uma base de dados de solos referente à área do ZEE-Amazônia-MA; (b) gerar informações espaciais antecipadas sobre onde executar novas amostragens de solos; (c) realizar a predição de Classe de Solos e do Teor de Carbono Orgânico por meio de técnicas de MDS. A área de estudo possui aproximadamente 138.551,765 km² e compreende a área do ZEE-Amazônia-MA. Foram compilados 236 perfis de solo na área, onde 26 não apresentaram a classificação do tipo de solo conforme o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos e 71 não tinham o teor de carbono orgânico. Dessa forma, o número de perfis considerado para modelagem preditiva de classes de solos foi 193 (236 ? 17 perfis pouco representativos ? 26 sem informação da classe). Já para o teor de carbono orgânico foi utilizado 165 perfis (236 - 71). Como covariáveis preditoras foram utilizadas 12 covariáveis do terreno, índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI), uso e cobertura do solo, geomorfologia e geologia. O método utilizado na calibração dos modelos de predição das classes de solos (no nível de subordem) e do teor de carbono orgânico na camada de 0-30 cm foi o método Floresta Aleatória (Random Forest). Foram definidos 70 pontos de amostragem na área do ZEE-Amazônia-MA em locais com escassez de dados de solo. Os locais de amostragem desses pontos foram selecionados com base na variabilidade da paisagem pelo algoritmo de Amostragem por Hipercubo Latino condicionado (conditioned Latin Hypercube Sampling). O mapa de classes de solos gerado apresentou uma acurácia geral de 55% e Kappa de 0,60 na validação. A classe dos Argissolos Vermelho-Amarelos apresenta a maior área mapeada, seguido pela classe dos Latossolos Amarelos, Argissolos Amarelos, Plintossolos Argilúvicos e Gleissolos Háplicos. As classes com menor área mapeada foram Argissolos Vermelhos e Nessolos Flúvicos. O modelo de predição do teor de carbono orgânico apresentou na validação cruzada R² de 0,40 e RMSE (root-mean-square error) de 1.19%. O mapa do teor de carbono orgânico mostrou as áreas onde os teores de carbono são altos, por exemplo, na área da baixada maranhense. O alto teor de carbono indica a necessidade de criação de políticas públicas com objetivo de minimizar a degradação pelo uso inadequado do solo, que pode acarretar perda de carbono na forma de dióxido de carbono para atmosfera. Já em áreas com baixos teores de carbono, deve-se fomentar práticas de manejo, como sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF), visando aumentar o carbono orgânico do solo. Em geral, os resultados mostraram o potencial que a técnica de Mapeamento Digital de Solos possui em relação à geração de informações de solos para área do ZEE-Amazônia-MA, possibilitando a obtenção de uma base de dados sólida, em que as incertezas são informadas para o usuário final da informação. Isso auxilia na tomada de decisões mais assertivas por parte dos órgãos responsáveis por planejar e executar projetos de políticas públicas, assim como no planejamento do uso da terra por equipes técnicas.bitstream/item/220326/1/Boletim-03-ZEE-MA-1-final.pd

The ACE1 Electrical Impedance Tomography System for Thoracic Imaging

The design and performance of the active complex electrode (ACE1) electrical impedance tomography system for single-ended phasic voltage measurements are presented. The design of the hardware and calibration procedures allows for reconstruction of conductivity and permittivity images. Phase measurement is achieved with the ACE1 active electrode circuit which measures the amplitude and phase of the voltage and the applied current at the location at which current is injected into the body. An evaluation of the system performance under typical operating conditions includes details of demodulation and calibration and an in-depth look at insightful metrics, such as signal-to-noise ratio variations during a single current pattern. Static and dynamic images of conductivity and permittivity are presented from ACE1 data collected on tank phantoms and human subjects to illustrate the system\u27s utility

Storability of 'SCS417 Monalisa' apple as affected by harvest maturity, 1-methylcyclopropene treatment, and storage atmosphere.

The objective of this work was to determine the storability of 'SCS417 Monalisa' apple fruit in response to harvest maturity, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, and storage atmospheres. Fruit quality was evaluated after two, four, six, and eight months plus one day or seven days in shelf life at 22°C. The controlled atmosphere (CA) and 1-MCP (1.0 ?L L-1) treatments reduce fruit ethylene production and respiration, prevent rapid softening, and inhibit the incidence of scald-like symptoms, flesh browning, cracking, and fungal decay, in comparison with air storage . The combination of 1-MCP and CA provides additive benefits in firmness retention and in the reduction of the incidence of physiological disorders. CA and/or 1-MCP increase the risk of fruit developing wrinkly skin disorder. The loss of flesh firmness and acidity and the development of all physiological disorders and decay are higher in late-harvested fruit. The storage life of 'SCS417 Monalisa' apple is about two months in cold air and from six to eight months in cold CA, considering the time necessary to reach a flesh firmness of 53 N. The limiting factor for the long-term storage of 'SCS417 Monalisa' apple fruit under CA without 1-MCP is the development of physiological disorders and fungal decay

Reduced transcription of TCOF1 in adult cells of Treacher Collins syndrome patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is an autosomal dominant craniofacial disorder caused by frameshift deletions or duplications in the <it>TCOF1 </it>gene. These mutations cause premature termination codons, which are predicted to lead to mRNA degradation by nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Haploinsufficiency of the gene product (treacle) during embryonic development is the proposed molecular mechanism underlying TCS. However, it is still unknown if <it>TCOF1 </it>expression levels are decreased in post-embryonic human cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We have estimated <it>TCOF1 </it>transcript levels through real time PCR in mRNA obtained from leucocytes and mesenchymal cells of TCS patients (n = 23) and controls (n = 18). Mutational screening and analysis of NMD were performed by direct sequencing of gDNA and cDNA, respectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All the 23 patients had typical clinical features of the syndrome and pathogenic mutations were detected in 19 of them. We demonstrated that the expression level of <it>TCOF1 </it>is 18-31% lower in patients than in controls (<it>p < 0.05</it>), even if we exclude the patients in whom we did not detect the pathogenic mutation. We also observed that the mutant allele is usually less abundant than the wild type one in mesenchymal cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This is the first study to report decreased expression levels of <it>TCOF1 </it>in TCS adult human cells, but it is still unknown if this finding is associated to any phenotype in adulthood. In addition, as we demonstrated that alleles harboring the pathogenic mutations have lower expression, we herein corroborate the current hypothesis of NMD of the mutant transcript as the explanation for diminished levels of <it>TCOF1 </it>expression. Further, considering that <it>TCOF1 </it>deficiency in adult cells could be associated to pathologic clinical findings, it will be important to verify if TCS patients have an impairment in adult stem cell properties, as this can reduce the efficiency of plastic surgery results during rehabilitation of these patients.</p

Spatial variability of soil physical attributes in sugarcane using different row spacings.

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of harvesting traffic by evaluating the spatial variability of soil physical attributes on a clayey Oxisol under sugarcane cultivation using different row spacing. Two areas of sugarcane production (RB855156 genotype) were planted in autumn 2013, both using conventional planting systems. Treatments were either sugarcane cultivated using: (i) single-row spacing (SR) of 1.50 m; or (ii) double-row spacing (DR) of 0.40 × 1.50 m. Areas using SR spacing occupied a total of 6 ha areas using DR spacing occupied a total of 2 ha. Assessments of soil physical attributes were performed during the summer of 2016 after the second harvest. Soil measurements in each area were done at 100 points using a grid design with dimensions of 10 m long by 5 m wide. Soil sampling was taken from the 0.00-0.10 m layer, from points distributed along the planted row and the machine?s wheel track. The following soil physical attributes were assessed: bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, soil penetration resistance, and water contentat field capacity. Bd and PR in the single-row spacing showed critical values for adequate sugarcane root development. The highest spatial variability of PR and Ma was found in double-row spacing, however, this spacing arrangement promoted a better soil physical conditions

Highlights from the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory. Our current exposure reaches nearly 40,000 km$^2$ str and provides us with an unprecedented quality data set. The performance and stability of the detectors and their enhancements are described. Data analyses have led to a number of major breakthroughs. Among these we discuss the energy spectrum and the searches for large-scale anisotropies. We present analyses of our X$_{max}$ data and show how it can be interpreted in terms of mass composition. We also describe some new analyses that extract mass sensitive parameters from the 100% duty cycle SD data. A coherent interpretation of all these recent results opens new directions. The consequences regarding the cosmic ray composition and the properties of UHECR sources are briefly discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures, talk given at the 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Rio de Janeiro 201

A search for point sources of EeV photons

Measurements of air showers made using the hybrid technique developed with the fluorescence and surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory allow a sensitive search for point sources of EeV photons anywhere in the exposed sky. A multivariate analysis reduces the background of hadronic cosmic rays. The search is sensitive to a declination band from -85{\deg} to +20{\deg}, in an energy range from 10^17.3 eV to 10^18.5 eV. No photon point source has been detected. An upper limit on the photon flux has been derived for every direction. The mean value of the energy flux limit that results from this, assuming a photon spectral index of -2, is 0.06 eV cm^-2 s^-1, and no celestial direction exceeds 0.25 eV cm^-2 s^-1. These upper limits constrain scenarios in which EeV cosmic ray protons are emitted by non-transient sources in the Galaxy.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa