Reliability and validity of body weight and body image perception in children and adolescents from the South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental (SAYCARE) Study

Objective: To assess the reliability and validity of body weight (BW) and body image (BI) perception reported by parents (in children) and by adolescents in a South American population. Design: Cross-sectional study. BW perception was evaluated by the question, "Do you think you/your child are/is: severely wasted, wasted, normal weight, overweight, obese?" BI perception was evaluated using the Gardner scale. To evaluate reliability, BW and BI perceptions were reported twice, two weeks apart. To evaluate validity, the BW and BI perceptions were compared with WHO BMI Z-scores. Kappa and Kendall's tau-c coefficients were obtained. Setting: Public and private schools and high schools from six countries of South America (Argentina, Peru, Colombia, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil). Participants: Children aged 3-10 years (n 635) and adolescents aged 11-17 years (n 400). Results: Reliability of BW perception was fair in children's parents (k=0·337) and substantial in adolescents (k=0·709). Validity of BW perception was slight in children's parents (k=0·176) and fair in adolescents (k=0·268). When evaluating BI, most children were perceived by parents as having lower weight. Reliability of BI perception was slight in children's parents (k=0·124) and moderate in adolescents (k=0·599). Validity of BI perception was poor in children's parents (k=-0·018) and slight in adolescents (k=0·023). Conclusions: Reliability of BW and BI perceptions was higher in adolescents than in children's parents. Validity of BW perception was good among the parents of the children and adolescents with underweight and normal weight

Avaliação de espécies silvestres e cultivares de amendoim para resistência a Enneothrips flavens Moulton

No Brasil, diversas pragas podem atacar o amendoinzeiro, sendo o tripes-do-prateamento, Enneothrips flavens Moulton (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a principal delas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a infestação e os sintomas dessa praga em diferentes acessos de espécies silvestres, anfidiplóides e cultivares de amendoinzeiro, foi instalado um experimento em campo, no município de Pindorama (SP ), no ano agrícola de 2007/2008. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 48 tratamentos e cinco repetições. A formação das mudas foi feita em copos com substrato em casa de vegetação, sendo o plantio realizado em outubro/novembro de 2007. Foram realizadas amostragens a partir dos 30 dias após o plantio das mudas no campo, repetidas a cada 15 dias, num total de cinco avaliações, em cinco folíolos fechados por planta. Foram anotadas a presença e ausência de tripes em folíolos ainda fechados e atribuídas notas dos sintomas de dano aos folíolos recém-abertos, baseando-se em uma escala de notas variando de 1 a 5, sendo nota 1 sem dano de ataque; nota 2 limbo foliar com 1% a 25% da superfície com estrias e deformações; nota 3, 26 a 50%; nota 4, 51 a 75%; e, nota 5, 76% a 100%. Os acessos com menor porcentagem de presença de tripes e notas de sintomas foram VS 14957 (A. gregoryi), V13832 (A. stenosperma), V8979 (A. kuhlmannii), V9912 (A. kuhlmannii), V7639 (A. kuhlmannii) e VMiIrLbGv14309 (A. villosa). Dentre os acessos mais sensíveis ao tripes situaram-se V12549 (Arachis hypogaea),Ac2562 (A. hypogaea) e as cultivares IAC Caiapó (A. hypogaea) e IA C Runner 886 (A. hypogaea)