Accelerated solvent extraction and fractioned extraction to obtain the Curcuma longa volatile oil and oleoresin

Curcuma longa L. is a common species among the aromatic plants in Brazil. The roots are used in dairy food as colorant and flavoring substitute for saffron. Turmeric (C. longa L.) contains curcuminoids that have antimutagenic and antioxidant activities, and is thus used for the formulation of foods for the prevention of cancer. Turmeric extracts rich in curcuminoids were obtained using a mixture Of CO2 and EtOH/IsoC(3), and the assays were performed in a fixed bed extractor at 300 bar 303 K. The bed's height effect was studied, maintaining constant the bed diameter and porosity; for the accelerated solvent extraction, the cosolvent percentages used were 10, 50 and 90% (v/v), with or without a static period of 30 min. The curcuminoid content was monitored using a spectrophotometer; the volatile oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, and the extract chemical profile was observed by thin-layer chromatography The overall extraction curves showed that by keeping the relation between solvent and raw material constant, maximum extraction yield was obtained in a shorter time using the lowest bed height (H-B/D-B = 1.8). The supercritical fluid extraction using 50% of the cosolvent that employed the static period increased the curcuminoid content (0.72% of curcuminoids) and reached similar to 10% of extract yield.30450152

Ginger and turmeric starches hydrolysis using subcritical water +CO2: The effect of the SFE pre-treatment

In this work, the hydrolysis of fresh and dried turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) in the presence of subcritical water + CO2 was studied. The hydrolysis of ginger and turmeric bagasses from supercritical fluid extraction was also studied. The reactions were done using subcritical water and CO2 at 150 bar, 200 degrees C and reaction time of 11 minutes; the degree of reaction was monitored through the amount of starch hydrolyzed. Process yields were calculated using the amount of reducing and total sugars formed. The effects of supercritical fluid extraction in the starchy structures were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Higher degree of hydrolysis (97-98%) were obtained for fresh materials and the highest total sugar yield (74%) was established for ginger bagasse. The supercritical fluid extraction did not significantly modify the degree of hydrolysis in the tested conditions.23223524

Comparison of yield, composition, and antioxidant activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extracts obtained using various techniques

Turmeric extracts were obtained from two lots of raw material (M and S) using various techniques: hydrodistillation, low pressure solvent extraction, Soxhlet, and supercritical extraction using carbon dioxide and cosolvents. The solvents and cosolvents tested were ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and their mixture in equal proportions. The composition of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and UV. The largest yield (27%, weight) was obtained in the Soxhlet extraction (turmeric (S), ethanol = 1:100); the lowest yield was detected in the hydrodistillation process (2.1%). For the supercritical extraction, the best cosolvent was a mixture of ethanol and isopropyl alcohol. Sixty percent of the light fraction of the extracts consisted of ar-turmerone, (Z)-gamma-atlantone, and (E)-gamma-atlantone, except for the Soxhlet extracts (1:100, ethanol), for which only ar-turmeronol and (Z)-alpha-atlantone were detected. The maximum amount of curcuminoids (8.43%) was obtained using Soxhlet extraction (ethanol/isopropyl alcohol). The Soxhlet and low pressure extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities.51226604661

Supercritical fluid extraction from Lippia alba: global yields, kinetic data, and extract chemical composition

In this work, experimental data for the system Lippia alba + CO2 is presented. The major constituents of the L. alba volatile oil are limonene and carvone. Thus, literature data for the systems limonene + CO2 and carvone + CO2, and the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) were used to select the operating temperature and pressure, which maximize the global yield in L. alba extract. Global yields were determined at 80, 100, and 120 bar and 40, 45, and 50 degrees C. L. alba extracts were also obtained by conventional processes (hydrodistillation, low-pressure ethanol extraction and Soxhlet ethanol). The chemical compositions of the extracts were determined by gas and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The secretor structures of L. alba were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after supercritical extraction. The largest yield (similar to 7%, mass of extract/mass of dry solid) of the CO2-extract was obtained at 318 K and 100 bar. The chemical compositions of the CO2-extracts were different from those of the extracts obtained by Soxhlet and low-pressure solvent extraction (LPSE) because of the co-extraction of heavy substances by ethanol. The operating conditions that maximized the carvone and limomene yields were 80 bar and 323 K (80 mass%) and 120 bar and 323 K (17 mass%), respectively. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved

Supercritical fluid extraction of vetiver roots: A study of SFE kinetics

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The volatile oils from the Vetiveria zizanioides oil are particularly appreciated in perfume and cosmetic products but may also be used in the food industry as aroma and flavor agent. The objective of this work was to study the improvement over the conventional process on the quantity and quality of vetiver extracts recovered by supercritical technology (SFE). The pressure effect (100-300 bar) at 40 degrees C, and the influence of amount of ethanol used as cosolvent (0, 5 and 10%, v/v) were studied. Supercritical extraction process was compared to the hydrodistillation, based on vetiver extract quantity and quality; SFE extracts and presented khusimol contents of 14-29% over hydrodistillation and for SFE, the global yields and kinetic parameters obtained using 10% (v/v) of ethanol were statistically different from extraction using 0 and 5% of ethanol. The TLC and GC showed similar chemical profiles for SFE and HID, but were aware some compounds that were observed by TLC just during the t(CER) region. Mathematical modeling was performed for vetiver kinetics obtained by SFE + cosolvent and Sovova model showed the best adjusts for all curves. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.472200208Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)CAPES [424/03]CNPq [472512/2004-8

Functional properties of spice extracts obtained via supercritical fluid extraction

In the present study the antioxidant, anticancer, and anti mycobacterial activities of extracts from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), and turmeric (Curcuma longa W were evaluated. The extracts were obtained using supercritical CO2 with and without ethanol and/or isopropyl alcohol as cosolvent. The extracts' antioxidant power was assessed using the reaction between beta-carotene and linolenic acid, the anti mycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis was measured by the MABA test, and their anticancer action was tested against nine human cancer ancestries: lung, breast, breast resistant, melanoma, colon, prostate, leukemia, and kidney. The rosemary extracts exhibited the strongest antioxidant and the lowest anti mycobacterial activities. Turmeric extracts showed the greatest antimycobacterial activity. Ginger and turmeric extracts showed selective anticancer activities.5192520252

Effect of calcium and/or barium crosslinking on the physical and antimicrobial properties of natamycin-loaded alginate films

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The preparation of alginate films with suitable properties requires a two-step contact with reticulating agents: initially a weakly structured pre-film is formatted which is further crosslinked in a second stage by immersion in a more concentrated solution. The present work evaluated the effects of a combined crosslinking procedure using calcium and barium ions on the physical and morphological properties of alginate-based films containing natamycin as antimicrobial agent. The release behavior of natamycin in water was evaluated as well as the antimicrobial activity against four target microorganisms, which are common cheese product contaminants. Films attributes were affected by the type of ion used in the second stage while the natamycin release rate and the antimicrobial activity were influenced by the ion used in the first stage. Films crosslinked with Ba2+ in the first and Ca2+ in the second stage (Ba-Ca films) exhibited physical properties very similar to films crosslinked with calcium in both stages. Release kinetics of natamycin in water fitted well to Fick's second law diffusional model, with effective diffusivity values ranging from 0.40 x 10(-11) to 1.74 x 10(-11) cm(-2)/s. Ba-Ca films presented the lowest natamycin diffusion coefficient and the smallest inhibition zone diameter against the four microorganisms tested. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.572494501Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Programa Ciencia (Portugal)COMPETE (Portugal) [PEst-C/EQB/UI0102/2011]Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)COMPETE (Portugal) [PEst-C/EQB/UI0102/2011

Influence of natamycin loading methods on the physical characteristics of alginate active films

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Natamycin, an antimicrobial agent sparingly soluble in water, was incorporated into alginate films in order to produce antimicrobial packaging, using three different approaches: the conventional loading method, when natamycin is added directly to the polymeric aqueous film-forming solution; the immersion procedure, by which a previously prepared films is contacted with natamycin solution, and by the supercritical solvent impregnation (SSI) method, with loading tests performed in CO2 containing natamycin, with and without addition of cosolvent (ethanol, 10% molar). The loading capacities were evaluated, as well as the influence on physical attributes of the films and on the release behavior of natamycin in water. The conventional method led to films heterogeneities with high surface roughness, and the immersion technique evinced several disadvantages like low incorporation yields, and negative influence on water vapor permeability and on the swelling degree of the film. The supercritical method showed that longer contact times and the use of ethanol as a cosolvent increased the natamycin loading yields and led to homogeneous films, where SSI (CO2 + EtOH) process produced visually attractive and tranlucent films. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.767482Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq