662 research outputs found
Spillover events of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (recombinant GI.4P-GI.2) from Lagomorpha to Eurasian badger
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a major threat to domestic and wild European rabbits. Presently, in Europe, the disease is caused mainly by Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2/b or Lagovirus europaeus GI.2), the origin of which is still unclear, as no RHDV2 reservoir hosts were identified. After the RHDV2 emergence in 2010, viral RNA was detected in a few rodent species. Furthermore, RHDV2 was found to cause disease in some hare species resembling the disease in rabbits, evidencing the ability of the virus to cross the species barrier.
In this study, through molecular, histopathologic, antigenic and morphological evidences, we demonstrate the presence and replication of RHDV2 in Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) found dead in the district of SantarĂ©m, Portugal, between March 2017 and January 2020. In two of these seven animals, we further classify the RHDV2 as a Lagovirus europaeus recombinant GI.4PâGI.2.
Our results indicate that Meles meles is susceptible to RHDV2, developing systemic infection, and excreting the virus in the faeces. Given the high viral loads seen in several organs and matrices, we believe that transmission to the wild rabbit is likely.
Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy data shows the presence of Calicivirus compatible virions in the nucleus of hepatocytes, which has not been demonstrated before and constitutes a paradigm shift for calicivirusesâs replication cycle
Trypanosoma cruzi high infectivity in vitro is related to cardiac lesions during long-term infection in Beagledogs
Trypanosoma cruzi is a hemoflagelate parasite associated with heart dysfunctions causing serious problems in Central and South America. Beagle dogs develop the symptoms of Chagas disease in humans, and could be an important experimental model for better understanding the immunopathogenic mechanisms involved in the chagasic infection. In the present study we investigated the relation among biological factors inherent to the parasite (trypomastigote polymorphism and in vitro infectivity) and immunoglobulin production, inflammation, and fibrosis in the heart of Beagle dogs infected with either T. cruzi Y or Berenice-78 strains. In vitro infectivity of Vero cells as well as the extension of cardiac lesions in infected Beagle was higher for Y strain when compared to Berenice-78 strain. These data suggested that in vitro infectivity assays may correlate with pathogenicity in vivo. In fact, animals infected with Y strain, which shows prevalence of slender forms and high infectivity in vitro, presented cardiomegaly, inflammation, and fibrosis in heart area. Concerning the immunoglobulin production, no statistically significant difference was observed for IgA, IgM or IgG levels among T. cruzi infected animals. However, IgA together IgM levels have shown to be a good marker for the acute phase of Chagas disease
How the 'plates' of a health system can shift, change and adjust during economic recessions: A qualitative interview study of public and private health providers in Brazil's Sao Paulo and Maranhao states
Background:
Economic recessions carry an impact on population health and access to care; less is known on how health systems adapt to the conditions brought by a downturn. This particularly matters now that the COVID-19 epidemic is putting health systems under stress. Brazil is one of the worldâs most affected countries, and its health system was already experiencing the aftermath of the 2015 recession.
Methods:
Between 2018 and 2019 we conducted 46 semi-structured interviews with health practitioners, managers and policy-makers to explore the impact of the 2015 recession on public and private providers in prosperous (SĂŁo Paulo) and impoverished (MaranhĂŁo) states in Brazil. Thematic analysis was employed to identify drivers and consequences of system adaptation and coping strategies. Nvivo software was used to aid data collection and analysis. We followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research to provide an account of the findings.
Results:
We found the concept of âhealth sector crisisâ to be politically charged among healthcare providers in SĂŁo Paulo and MaranhĂŁo. Contrary to expectations, the public sector was reported to have found ways to compensate for diminishing federal funding, having outsourced services and adopted flexibleâif insecureâworking arrangements. Following a drop in employment and health plans, private health insurance companies have streamlined their offer, at times at the expenses of coverage. Low-cost walk-in clinics were hit hard by the recession, but were also credited for having moved to cater for higher-income customers in MaranhĂŁo.
Conclusions:
The âplatesâ of a health system may shift and adjust in unexpected ways in response to recessions, and some of these changes might outlast the crisis. As low-income countries enter post-COVID economic recessions, it will be important to monitor the adjustments taking place in health systems, to ensure that past gains in access to care and job security are not eroded
Anesthesia of Epinephelus marginatus with essential oil of Aloysia polystachya: an approach on blood parameters
This study investigated the anesthetic potential of the essential oil (EO) of Aloysia polystachya in juveniles of dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus). Fish were exposed to different concentrations of EO of A. polystachya to evaluate time of induction and recovery from anesthesia. In the second experiment, fish were divided into four groups: control, ethanol and 50 or 300 mu L L-1 EO of A. polystachya, and each group was submitted to induction for 3.5 min and recovery for 5 or 10 min. The blood gases and glucose levels showed alterations as a function of the recovery times, but Na+ and K+ levels did not show any alteration. In conclusion, the EO from leaves of A. polystachya is an effective anesthetic for dusky grouper, because anesthesia was reached within the recommended time at EO concentrations of 300 and 400 mu L L-1. However, most evaluated blood parameters showed compensatory responses due to EO exposure.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul/Programa de Apoio a Nucleos de Excelencia (FAPERGS/PRONEX) [10/0016-8]; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [470964/2009-0]; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Brazil (CAPES)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A importĂąncia da comunicação durante o perĂodo de recuperação pĂłs-operatĂłria
Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a importĂąncia da comunicação durante as orientaçÔes pĂłs-operatĂłrias fornecidas pela equipe de enfermagem a pacientes e/ou familiares de uma instituição privada e apreender a percepção destes indivĂduos acerca das orientaçÔes recebidas. Foi um estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou o referencial teĂłrico da Comunicação Interpessoal e o referencial metodolĂłgico da AnĂĄlise de ConteĂșdo. Participaram do estudo 16 pacientes entrevistados no perĂodo pĂłs-operatĂłrio mediato. Os resultados evidenciaram que a equipe de enfermagem focaliza as orientaçÔes nas tĂ©cnicas instrumentais da profissĂŁo, nĂŁo abordando o indivĂduo de forma holĂstica. TambĂ©m foi possĂvel perceber que, quando o profissional enfermeiro permanece afastado do paciente e/ou nĂŁo presta informaçÔes adequadas gera sentimentos de ansiedade, medo, insegurança e sensação de falta de cuidado. Por outro lado, quando a equipe de enfermagem se fez presente com cuidado e informaçÔes coerentes, os clientes relataram um alto nĂvel de satisfação e a sensação de ser bem cuidado
Determination of diquat by flow injection-chemiluminescence
A simple, economic, sensitive and rapid method for the determination of the pesticide diquat was described. This new method was based on the coupling of flow injection analysis methodology and direct chemiluminescent detection; to the authors' knowledge, this approach had not been used up to now with this pesticide. It was based on its oxidation with ferricyanide in alkaline medium; significant improvements in the analytical signal were achieved by using high temperatures and quinine as sensitiser. Its high throughput (144 h(-1)), together with its low limit of detection (2 ng mL(-1)), achieved without need of preconcentration steps, permitted the reliable quantification of diquat over the linear range of (0.01-0.6) mu g mL(-1) in samples from different origins (river, tap, mineral and ground waters), even in the presence of a 40-fold concentration of paraquat, a pesticide commonly present in the commercial formulations of diquat.LĂłpez-Paz, JL.; CatalĂĄ-Icardo, M.; AntĂłn Garrido, B. (2009). Determination of diquat by flow injection-chemiluminescence. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 394(4):1073-1079. doi:10.1007/s00216-009-2609-zS107310793944Hayes WJ Jr, Laws ER Jr (1991) Handbook of pesticide toxicology, Academic Press, San DiegoUS Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/06WDW/contaminants/dw_contamfs/diquat.html (accessed in August 2008)Horwitz W (2000) Official methods of analysis of AOAC International 17th edition. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, USAHara S, Sasaki N, Takase D, Shiotsuka S, Ogata K, Futagami K, Tamura K (2007) Anal Sci 23(5):523â531Rial Otero R, Cancho Grande B, PĂ©rez Lamela C, Simal Gandara J, Aria Estevez M (2006) J Chromatogr Sci 44(9):539â542Aramendia MA, Borau V, Lafont F, Marinas JM, Moreno JM, Porras JM, Urbano FJ (2006) Food Chem 97(1):181â188Nuñez O, Moyano E, Galceran MT (2004) Anal Chim Acta 525(2):183â190Martinez Vidal JL, Belmonte Vega A, Sanchez Lopez FJ, Garrido Frenich AJ (2004) Chromatogr A 1050(2):179â184Lee XP, Kumazawa T, Fujishiro M, Hasegawa C, Arinobu T, Seno H, Sato K (2004) J Mass Spectrom 39(10):1147â1152De Almeida RM, Yonamine M (2007) J Chromatogr B 853(1â2):260â264De Souza D, Machado SAS (2006) Electroanalysis 18(9):862â872De Souza D, Da Silva MRC, Machado SAS (2006) Electroanalysis 18(23):2305â2313PicĂł Y, Rodriguez R, Manes J (2003) Trends Anal Chem 22(3):133â151Ishiwata T (2004) Bunseki Kagaku 53(8):863â864Carneiro MC, Puignou L, GalcerĂĄn MT (2000) Anal Chim Acta 408:263Luque M, Rios A, Valcarcel M (1998) Analyst 123(11):2383â2387Perez Ruiz T, MartĂnez Lozano C, Tomas V (1991) Int J Environ Anal Chem 44(4):243â252Perez Ruiz T, MartĂnez Lozano C, Tomas V (1991) Anal Chim Acta 244(1):99â104Townshend A (1990) Analyst 115:495â500LĂłpez Paz JL, CatalĂĄ Icardo M (2008) Anal Chim Acta 625:173â179PawlicovĂĄ Z, Sahuquillo I, CatalĂĄ Icardo M, GarcĂa Mateo JV, MartĂnez Calatayud J (2006) Anal Sci 22:29â34Albert GarcĂa JR, CatalĂĄ Icardo M, MartĂnez Calatayud J (2006) Talanta 69:608â614Tomlin CDS (1997) The pesticide manual, 11th edn.The British Crop Protection CouncilUKCatalĂĄ-Icardo M, MartĂnez-Calatayud J (2008) Crit Rev Anal Chem 38:118â130Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. http://www.marm.es/ (accessed in September 2008)US Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.epa.gov/OGWWDW/contaminants (accessed in October 2008
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