246 research outputs found
Seasonability of protein and others milk components related with quality payment program
Avaliou-se o efeito da variação da qualidade do leite mediante acompanhamento de amostras provenientes de tanques refrigeradores. As 2.970 amostras foram obtidas de outubro/2005 a setembro/2006. Foram realizadas análises de composição, contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e contagem bacteriana total. As condições climáticas foram avaliadas pela temperatura e umidade do ar coletadas em estações meteorológicas distribuídas em todo o estado de São Paulo. No outono, ocorreram os maiores valores para gordura e proteína do leite, 3,65 e 3,21%, respectivamente. Para contagem de células somáticas, foi observado aumento no verão e contagem bacteriana na época da primavera. Foi identificada a influência da época do ano sobre o preço do leite pago dentro de um programa, com valor de bonificação máxima de 7,9% para o outono. Um dos mais importantes itens relacionados com a penalização foi a CCS, a qual pode interferir na qualidade dos produtos finais por meio de alteração da proporção de caseína/proteínas do soro. O efeito da CCS e o da época do ano devem ser considerados na formulação das tabelas de programas de pagamento.This study evaluated the variation of quality of bulk tank milk using 2,970 samples, collected from October 2005 to September 2006. Milk composition analyses, somatic cell count (SCC), and total bacterial count were performed. Climate conditions were evaluated by temperature and relative air humidity collected at meteorological stations throughout São Paulo state. Autumn season was related to the highest values for protein and fat, 3.65 and 3.21%, respectively. For somatic cell count, it was observed an increase in the count in the summer and for bacterial count in the spring. The influence of season on milk price was observed for dairy producers in a program, with maximum bonus of 7.9% in the autumn. One of the most important parameters related to penalty for lower quality of milk was SCC, since it can affect the quality of some dairies by the alteration of casein/whey protein proportion. Therefore, the effects of SCC and season should be considered into the process of formulation of tables for milk payment program.FAPES
Carbon and water footprints in Brazilian coffee plantations - the spatial and temporal distribution
The future of many coffee growing regions, such as Brazil, depends on strategies to allow the minimization of the negative impacts of climate change. Still the own contribution of coffee cultivation for global warming is largely unknown. Water and carbon footprints are concepts that indicate the potential negative impact of a specific product, underlining which part of the process is the major responsible for it. In this context, the objective of this study was to quantify and spatialize the water and carbon footprints from coffee crop in different regions of Brazil, and to find the proportional weight of coffee production in the total emission of CO2 and water consumption in the context of Brazilian agriculture. For this end, water and carbon footprints were estimated and spatialized for Brazilian regions along 10 productive seasons (from 2004/2005 to 2014/2015), based on data of plantation area (ha) and coffee production (tons of beans). It is concluded that the estimates of annual carbon and water footprints were 19.791 million t CO2-equivalent and 49,284 million m3 of water, with higher values from the Southeast region. This corresponded to a moderate (ca. 5%) value for the emissions of greenhouse gases, but a relevant water footprint in the context of Brazilian agricultureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Aumento de Resolução Temporal de Sequências de Imagens do Trato Vocal por meio de Registro das Imagens
O imageamento por ressonância magnética tem sido bastanteutilizado no estudo da produção da fala. Sequências de imagens do trato vocal adquiridas durante a emissão de palavras e fonemas permitem a identificação dinâmica das formas assumidas por este tubo acústico. Entretanto, é importante ressaltar que as resoluções espacial e temporal necessárias para a identificação do movimento dos articuladores da fala variam de acordo com a velocidade e localidade desse movimento, e tal informação não é conhecida a priori. Abordagens existentes procuram aprimorar a resolução das sequências de imagens melhorando o processo de aquisição ou utilizando meios de aquisição mais potentes, o que pode ser financeiramente inviável. O método proposto neste artigo procura melhorar a resolução temporal por meio de um método de registro não-rígido proposto na literatura. O movimento identificado pelo registro permite o aumento de resolução temporal por meio de uma técnica de interpolação por compensação de movimento. O movimento presente em toda a sequência é considerado na geração de cada imagem intermediária. Dessa forma, o movimento dos articuladores da fala nessas imagens é coerente com o movimento presente em toda a sequência. Os resultados indicam a eficiência do método proposto
The Bethe-Ansatz for N=4 Super Yang-Mills
We derive the one loop mixing matrix for anomalous dimensions in N=4 Super
Yang-Mills. We show that this matrix can be identified with the Hamiltonian of
an integrable SO(6) spin chain with vector sites. We then use the Bethe ansatz
to find a recipe for computing anomalous dimensions for a wide range of
operators. We give exact results for BMN operators with two impurities and
results up to and including first order 1/J corrections for BMN operators with
many impurities. We then use a result of Reshetikhin's to find the exact
one-loop anomalous dimension for an SO(6) singlet in the limit of large bare
dimension. We also show that this last anomalous dimension is proportional to
the square root of the string level in the weak coupling limit.Comment: 35 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX; v2 references added, typos corrected,
\Lambda fixed; v3 expanded discussion of higher loops in conclusion, matches
published versio
Melatonin in Medicinal and Food Plants : Occurrence, Bioavailability, and Health Potential for Humans
Melatonin is a widespread molecule among living organisms involved in multiple biological, hormonal, and physiological processes at cellular, tissue, and organic levels. It is well-known for its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, and renowned antioxidant effects, acting as a free radical scavenger, up-regulating antioxidant enzymes, reducing mitochondrial electron leakage, and interfering with proinflammatory signaling pathways. Detected in various medicinal and food plants, its concentration is widely variable. Plant generative organs (e.g., flowers, fruits), and especially seeds, have been proposed as having the highest melatonin concentrations, markedly higher than those found in vertebrate tissues. In addition, seeds are also rich in other substances (lipids, sugars, and proteins), constituting the energetic reserve for a potentially growing seedling and beneficial for the human diet. Thus, given that dietary melatonin is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and transported into the bloodstream, the ingestion of medicinal and plant foods by mammals as a source of melatonin may be conceived as a key step in serum melatonin modulation and, consequently, health promotion
On slip pulses at a sheared frictional viscoelastic/ non deformable interface
We study the possibility for a semi-infinite block of linear viscoelastic
material, in homogeneous frictional contact with a non-deformable one, to slide
under shear via a periodic set of ``self-healing pulses'', i.e. a set of
drifting slip regions separated by stick ones. We show that, contrary to
existing experimental indications, such a mode of frictional sliding is
impossible for an interface obeying a simple local Coulomb law of solid
friction. We then discuss possible physical improvements of the friction model
which might open the possibility of such dynamics, among which slip weakening
of the friction coefficient, and stress the interest of developing systematic
experimental investigations of this question.Comment: 23 pages, 3 figures. submitted to PR
Series study of the One-dimensional S-T Spin-Orbital Model
We use perturbative series expansions about a staggered dimerized ground
state to compute the ground state energy, triplet excitation spectra and
spectral weight for a one-dimensional model in which each site has an S=\case
1/2 spin and a pseudospin , representing a doubly
degenerate orbital. An explicit dimerization is introduced to allow study of
the confinement of spinon excitations. The elementary triplet represents a
bound state of two spinons, and is stable over much of the Brillouine zone. A
special line is found in the gapped spin-liquid phase, on which the triplet
excitation is dispersionless. The formation of triplet bound states is also
investigated.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure
Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter III.2: Exact world-sheet S-matrix
We review the derivation of the S-matrix for planar N=4 supersymmetric
Yang-Mills theory and type IIB superstring theory on an AdS5xS5 background.
After deriving the S-matrix for the su(2) and su(3) sectors at the one-loop
level based on coordinate Bethe ansatz, we show how su(2|2) symmetry leads to
the exact asymptotic S-matrix up to an overall scalar function. We then briefly
review the spectrum of bound states by relating these states to simple poles of
the S-matrix. Finally, we review the derivation of the asymptotic Bethe
equations, which can be used to determine the asymptotic multiparticle
spectrum.Comment: 20 pages, see also overview article arXiv:1012.3982, v2: references
to other chapters updated, v3: references added and minor change
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