26,234 research outputs found

    The first analytical expression to estimate photometric redshifts suggested by a machine

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    We report the first analytical expression purely constructed by a machine to determine photometric redshifts (zphotz_{\rm phot}) of galaxies. A simple and reliable functional form is derived using 41,21441,214 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10 (SDSS-DR10) spectroscopic sample. The method automatically dropped the uu and zz bands, relying only on gg, rr and ii for the final solution. Applying this expression to other 1,417,1811,417,181 SDSS-DR10 galaxies, with measured spectroscopic redshifts (zspecz_{\rm spec}), we achieved a mean ⟨(zphot−zspec)/(1+zspec)⟩≲0.0086\langle (z_{\rm phot} - z_{\rm spec})/(1+z_{\rm spec})\rangle\lesssim 0.0086 and a scatter σ(zphot−zspec)/(1+zspec)≲0.045\sigma_{(z_{\rm phot} - z_{\rm spec})/(1+z_{\rm spec})}\lesssim 0.045 when averaged up to z≲1.0z \lesssim 1.0. The method was also applied to the PHAT0 dataset, confirming the competitiveness of our results when faced with other methods from the literature. This is the first use of symbolic regression in cosmology, representing a leap forward in astronomy-data-mining connection.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter

    Curved Graphene Nanoribbons: Structure and Dynamics of Carbon Nanobelts

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    Carbon nanoribbons (CNRs) are graphene (planar) structures with large aspect ratio. Carbon nanobelts (CNBs) are small graphene nanoribbons rolled up into spiral-like structures, i. e., carbon nanoscrolls (CNSs) with large aspect ratio. In this work we investigated the energetics and dynamical aspects of CNBs formed from rolling up CNRs. We have carried out molecular dynamics simulations using reactive empirical bond-order potentials. Our results show that similarly to CNSs, CNBs formation is dominated by two major energy contribution, the increase in the elastic energy due to the bending of the initial planar configuration (decreasing structural stability) and the energetic gain due to van der Waals interactions of the overlapping surface of the rolled layers (increasing structural stability). Beyond a critical diameter value these scrolled structures can be even more stable (in terms of energy) than their equivalent planar configurations. In contrast to CNSs that require energy assisted processes (sonication, chemical reactions, etc.) to be formed, CNBs can be spontaneously formed from low temperature driven processes. Long CNBs (length of ∼\sim 30.0 nm) tend to exhibit self-folded racket-like conformations with formation dynamics very similar to the one observed for long carbon nanotubes. Shorter CNBs will be more likely to form perfect scrolled structures. Possible synthetic routes to fabricate CNBs from graphene membranes are also addressed

    Impacto da Vacinação Contra Hemophilus Influenza Tipo b na Incidência de Meningite no Espírito Santo.

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    Em julho de 1999 uma vacina conjugada contra o Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib) começou a ser utilizada em crianças no Estado do Espírito Santo. Com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto da vacinação na incidência da meningite causada pelo Hib foram utilizados dados da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde (SESA, ES) e feito um levantamento dos casos ocorridos entre 1993 e 2004. Do total de 406 casos de meningite Hib ocorridos no período, foram estudados os 359 casos ocorridos em crianças com menos de 5 anos, especificando os menores de 1 ano e a faixa de 1 a 4 anos. No ano 2000 o Estado contava com 77 municípios, 3.097.232 habitantes e 284.436 crianças com menos de 5 anos, segundo o Instituto de Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os coeficientes foram calculados para 100.000 habitantes por faixa etária. Considerou-se como pré-vacinal o período entre 1993 e 1999 e como pós-vacinal o período entre 2000 e 2004. A Vacina foi aplicada aos 2, 4 e 6 meses, sem reforço no primeiro ano de vida e em dose única no segundo ano. Os resultados mostraram que nos municípios com maior número de crianças menores de 5 anos a média de incidência no período pré-vacinal foi maior que o dobro da média de incidência nos municípios com menor número de crianças naquela faixa etária (12,54 e 4,13 respectivamente). Do período pré-vacinal para o pós-vacinal, a média de coeficientes nos menores de 1 ano declinou de 50,57 para 4,88 (p= 0,003), e na faixa de 1 a 4 anos declinou de 8,43 para 0,86 (p= 0,003). O sexo predominante foi o masculino (54,87%). Não foi observada predominância estatística na distribuição sazonal dos casos. A letalidade nos menores de 5 anos foi 15,59%. Detalhada por faixa etária, a letalidade mostrou 19,81% nos menores de 1 ano e 9,52% na faixa de 1 a 4 anos. Concluiu-se que houve grande impacto da vacinação na incidência de meningite Hib em menores de 1 ano e também nas crianças de 1 a 4 anos, determinando importante mudança dos coeficientes nas faixas avaliadas e também no percentual de participação de outras idades. O declínio surpreendente e rápido dos coeficientes nas crianças de 1 a 4 anos sugeriu forte evidência da ocorrência do efeito de imunidade de massa. 0bservou-se também grande alteração no percentual de casos por faixa etária após a vacinação. Os maiores de 5 anos que representavam 8,71% dos casos, no período pré-vacinal, passaram a representar 38,46% dos casos no período pós-vacinal. Os 47 casos ocorridos em maiores de 5 anos não foram objeto desta dissertação, sendo abordados somente nas considerações finais

    BRESEX: On board supervision, basic architecture and preliminary aspects for payload and space shuttle interface

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    Data relative to the on board supervision subsystem are presented which were considered in a conference between INPE and NASA personnel, with the purpose of initiating a joint effort leading to the implementation of the Brazilian remote sensing experiment - (BRESEX). The BRESEX should consist, basically, of a multispectral camera for Earth observation, to be tested in a future space shuttle flight

    Using gamma regression for photometric redshifts of survey galaxies

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    Machine learning techniques offer a plethora of opportunities in tackling big data within the astronomical community. We present the set of Generalized Linear Models as a fast alternative for determining photometric redshifts of galaxies, a set of tools not commonly applied within astronomy, despite being widely used in other professions. With this technique, we achieve catastrophic outlier rates of the order of ~1%, that can be achieved in a matter of seconds on large datasets of size ~1,000,000. To make these techniques easily accessible to the astronomical community, we developed a set of libraries and tools that are publicly available.Comment: Refereed Proceeding of "The Universe of Digital Sky Surveys" conference held at the INAF - Observatory of Capodimonte, Naples, on 25th-28th November 2014, to be published in the Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, edited by Longo, Napolitano, Marconi, Paolillo, Iodice, 6 pages, and 1 figur

    Qualitative understanding of the sign of t' asymmetry in the extended t-J Model and relevance for pairing properties

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    Numerical calculations illustrate the effect of the sign of the next nearest-neighbor hopping term t' on the 2-hole properties of the t-t'-J model. Working mainly on 2-leg ladders, in the -1.0 < t'/t < 1.0 regime, it is shown that introducing t' in the t-J model is equivalent to effectively renormalizing J, namely t' negative (positive) is equivalent to an effective t-J model with smaller (bigger) J. This effect is present even at the level of a 2x2 plaquette toy model, and was observed also in calculations on small square clusters. Analyzing the transition probabilities of a hole-pair in the plaquette toy model, it is argued that the coherent propagation of such hole-pair is enhanced by a constructive interference between both t and t' for t'>0. This interference is destructive for t'<0.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in PRB as a Rapid Communicatio
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