Characteristics of Different Systems for the Solar Drying of Crops

Solar dryers are used to enable the preservation of agricultural crops, food processing industries for dehydration of fruits and vegetables, fish and meat drying, dairy industries for production of milk powder, seasoning of wood and timber, textile industries for drying of textile materials. The fundamental concepts and contexts of their use to dry crops is discussed in the chapter. It is shown that solar drying is the outcome of complex interactions particular between the intensity and duration of solar energy, the prevailing ambient relative humidity and temperature, the characteristics of the particular crop and its pre-preparation and the design and operation of the solar dryer

Complications of Protective Ileostomy in Emergency Surgery- A Study of 50 Cases

The temporary proximal loop or end ileostomy is considered suitable to protect a distal anastomosis following surgery for gangrene or perforation of terminal ileum with faecal peritonitis and colorectal surgery. This technique is, however, associated with failure, complications and even mortality. The aim of this study was to quantify retrospectively the morbidity associated with an ileostomy and its subsequent closure. Fifty patients with a temporary ileostomy, created between July 2007 and December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed from a review of patient records. All operations of ileostomy closure were done after a median period of 106 days (interquartile range: 69–174 days). Stoma related morbidity occurred in 26(52%) patients. After ileostomy closure, 21 major complications were seen in 10(20%) patients and 28 minor complications occurred in 17(34%) patients. Sixteen (32%) patients had neither stoma-related morbidity or peri- or postoperative complications after stoma closure. Protective proximal ileostomy was found to be associated with a high morbidity. This raises the question of the mode of identifying the specific patients with an ileal perforation/gangrene or low anastomosis who should be provided an ileostomy for protection, set against the potential complications of the formation and closure of the ileostomy.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11325   J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 196-200</jats:p

Simulation of Solar Radiation Incident on Horizontal and Inclined Surfaces

A computer model was developed to simulate the hourly, daily and monthly average of daily solar radiation on horizontal and inclined surfaces. The measured hourly and daily solar radiation was compared with simulated radiation, and favourable agreement was observed for the measured and predicted values on clear days. The measured and simulated monthly averages of total (diffuse and beam) daily solar radiation were compared and a reasonable agreement was observed for a number of stations in Japan. The simulation showed that during the rice harvesting season, September to October, there is a daily average of 14.7 MJ/m2 of solar irradiation on a horizontal surface in Matsuyama, Japan. There is a similar amount of solar radiation on a horizontal surface during the major rice harvesting season, November to December, in Bangladesh. This radiation can be effectively utilized for drying rough rice and other farm crops

Simulation of Solar Radiation Incident on Horizontal and Inclined Surfaces

A computer model was developed to simulate the hourly, daily and monthly average of daily solar radiation on horizontal and inclined surfaces. The measured hourly and daily solar radiation was compared with simulated radiation, and favourable agreement was observed for the measured and predicted values on clear days. The measured and simulated monthly averages of total (diffuse and beam) daily solar radiation were compared and a reasonable agreement was observed for a number of stations in Japan. The simulation showed that during the rice harvesting season, September to October, there is a daily average of 14.7 MJ/m2 of solar irradiation on a horizontal surface in Matsuyama, Japan. There is a similar amount of solar radiation on a horizontal surface during the major rice harvesting season, November to December, in Bangladesh. This radiation can be effectively utilized for drying rough rice and other farm crops

Effect of coagulants on the chemical and microbial quality of fresh cheese

This experiment was conducted to explore the effect of various types of coagulants on the chemical and microbiological quality of cheese made from fresh milk. Fresh cheese was manufactured using four different coagulants; microbial rennet (0.7%), lactic acid (1.5%), papaya latex (5 drops in 100 mL water) and calf rennet (100 g calf abomasum soaked overnight in 1000 mL mixture of water and milk in 3:1 ratio and then filtrate) under laboratory condition and analyzed for cheese yield, proximate composition, acidity, pH and coagulation time. In addition, standard plate count and coliform count was also performed. Result revealed that using microbial rennet as coagulant gave  the maximum yield of cheese (225 g/Kg milk) followed by calf rennet and lactic acid, and papaya latex had the minimum value (215g/Kg milk) in this regard (p=0.013). Microbial rennet took the lowest time (22 min) to coagulate the milk which was 14-34 min less than that of the other coagulants, and lactic acid had the slowest (54 min) coagulating action in cheese manufacturing process (p=0.000). In addition, cheese that are manufactured by microbial rennet and calf rennet were superior in terms of chemical composition compared to the cheese in which lactic acid and papaya latex was used as coagulant (p=0.000-0.047). But the calcium concentration was found maximum in papaya latex cheese. Acidity was found highest in lactic acid cheese and papaya latex cheese had the highest pH value. On the other hand, standard plate count and coliform count was found highest in cheese coagulated by lactic acid, where microbial rennet cheese had the lowest count,  and the microbial count of other two cheese was intermediate of them (p=0.000-0.001). Overall, microbial rennet, lactic acid, papaya latex, and abomasum rennet could be used to make cheese successfully, however, with a preference to microbial rennet.&#x0D; Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2021. 50 (2): 73-79</jats:p

Measurement of the 64Zn,47Ti(n,p) cross sections using a DD neutron generator for medical isotope studies

Cross sections for the 47Ti(n,p)47Sc and 64Zn(n,p)64Cu reactions have been measured for quasi-monoenergetic DD neutrons produced by the UC Berkeley High Flux Neutron Generator (HFNG). The HFNG is a compact neutron generator designed as a “flux-trap” that maximizes the probability that a neutron will interact with a sample loaded into a specific, central location. The study was motivated by interest in the production of 47Sc and 64Cu as emerging medical isotopes. The cross sections were measured in ratio to the 113In(n,n′)113mIn and 115In(n,n′)115mIn inelastic scattering reactions on co-irradiated indium samples. Post-irradiation counting using an HPGe and LEPS detectors allowed for cross section determination to within 5% uncertainty. The 64Zn(n,p)64Cu cross section for 2.76-0.02+0.01 MeV neutrons is reported as 49.3 ± 2.6 mb (relative to 113In) or 46.4 ± 1.7 mb (relative to 115In), and the 47Ti(n,p)47Sc cross section is reported as 26.26 ± 0.82 mb. The measured cross sections are found to be in good agreement with existing measured values but with lower uncertainty (&lt;5%), and also in agreement with theoretical values. This work highlights the utility of compact, flux-trap DD-based neutron sources for nuclear data measurements and potentially the production of radionuclides for medical applications

Particle- γ coincidence spectroscopy of the N = 90 nucleus 154Gd by (p, tγ)

A segmented Si-telescope and HPGe array, STARS-LIBERACE, was used to study the 156Gd(p, tγ)154Gd direct reaction by particle- γ coincidence spectroscopy. New cross sections with a 25MeV proton beam are reported and compared to previous (p,t) and (t,p) studies. Furthermore, additional evidence for coexisting Kπ=01+,21+ and 02+, 22+ configurations at N = 90 is presented. Direct and indirect population patterns of the low-lying states are also explored. Review of the new and existing evidence favors an interpretation based on a configuration-dependent pairing interaction. The weakening of monopole pairing strength and an increase in quadrupole pairing strength could bring 2p-2h 0 + states below 2 Δ. This may account for a large number of the low-lying 0 + states observed in two-nucleon transfer reactions. A hypothesis for the origin of the 02+ and 03+ states is provided