Tritium and helium behavior in irradiated beryllium

Large quantities of Be (> 100 metric tons) are planned for use in the ITER blanket design to enhance tritium breeding and to act as a thermal barrier between coolant and breeder. Tritium retention/release and He-induced swelling are important issues in blanket design. The data base on tritium and helium behavior in Be is reviewed. New data on tritium retention/release and He bubble growth are presented for Be irradiated to 5 {times} 10{sup 22} n(E > 1 MeV)/cm{sup 2} at {approximately}75{degree}C and postirradiation-annealed for 700 hours at 500{degree}C. A model (diffusion/desorption) is proposed and tested against the data base to determine tritium diffusivity and the desorption rate constant. Similarly a model for He-induced swelling is developed and tested against the data base. The dependence of tritium retention and release on He content and impurities (e.g. BeO) is also explored. 11 refs., 6 figs

ARIES-I tritium system

A key safety concern in a D-T fusion reactor is the tritium inventory. There are three components in a fusion reactor with potentially large inventories, i.e., the blanket, the fuel processing system and the plasma facing components. The ARIES team selected the material combinations, decided the operating conditions and refined the processing systems, with the aiming of minimizing the tritium inventories and leakage. The total tritium inventory for the ARIES-I reactor is only 700 g. This paper discussed the calculations and assumptions we made for the low tritium inventory. We also addressed the uncertainties about the tritium inventory. 13 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs

Toward a Multifaceted Heuristic of Digital Reading to Inform Assessment, Research, Practice, and Policy

In this commentary, the author explores the tension between almost 30 years of work that has embraced increasingly complex conceptions of digital reading and recent studies that risk oversimplifying digital reading as a singular entity analogous with reading text on a screen. The author begins by tracing a line of theoretical and empirical work that both informs and complicates our understanding of digital literacy and, more specifically, digital reading. Then, a heuristic is proposed to systematically organize, label, and define a multifaceted set of increasingly complex terms, concepts, and practices that characterize the spectrum of digital reading experiences. Research that informs this heuristic is used to illustrate how more precision in defining digital reading can promote greater clarity across research methods and advance a more systematic study of promising digital reading practices. Finally, the author discusses implications for assessment, research, practice, and policy

Microwave Tokamak Experiment (MTX) ohmic heating system

The ohmic heating system for the Microwave Tokamak Experiment (MTX) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) provides both the voltage for the initial breakdown phase and the energy to drive the plasma current to a value of 400 kA or greater. Providing this voltage and flux swing requires a one-turn loop voltage of about 25 volts (11 kV across the coil) and a magnetic flux swing of 2 volt- seconds. This voltage and flux swing are accomplished by charging the ohmic heating coils to 20 kA, at which point the current is commutated off into a resistor generating the 11 kV across the coil. When the current passes through zero, another power supply drives the current in the opposite polarity to 20 kA, thus completing the full 2 volt-second flux swing. This paper describes the design features and performance of the ohmic heating circuit, with emphasis on the commutation circuit. In addition, the paper describes the use of the ohmic heating system for discharge cleaning and the changeover procedure. 3 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab

Secondary electron emission of sapphire tungsten molybdenum and titanium for Maxwellian incident electrons

HMSO 2.00SIGLELD:9091.9F(CLM-R--208) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Accidents at 3-arm traffic signals on urban single-carriageway roads

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:9050.78239(TRL--135) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

RRS Discovery Cruise 170, 4-23 September 1987 Instrument trials

6.00SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:4565.45(IOS-CR--199) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

ARCADY: a computer program to model capacities, queues and delays at roundabouts

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A new data acquisistion system for the time resolved powder diffration

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:6609.025(DL/SCI/P--691E) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

An extended model for electron spin polarization in photosynthetic bacteria

We have developed a general model for electron spin polarization which includes contributions from both CIDEP (chemically induced dynamic electron polarization) and CRP (correlated radical polarization). In this paper, we apply this model to sequential electron transfer in photosynthetic bacteria. Our model calculates the density matrix for the P{sup +}I{sup {minus}} radical pair and transfers the polarization as it develops to the P{sup +}Q{sup {minus}} radical pair. We illustrate several possible cases. One case is equivalent to CIDEP; no interactions are included on the secondary radical pair, P{sup +}Q{sup {minus}}. Another approximates CRPP by either increasing the transfer rate from P{sup +}I{sup {minus}} to P{sup +}Q{sup {minus}} or restricting interactions to the secondary radical pair, P{sup +}Q{sup {minus}}. Others allow interactions on both the primary and secondary radical pairs with various transfer rates. 15 refs., 4 figs