Anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline

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Ground and excited states Gamow-Teller strength distributions of iron isotopes and associated capture rates for core-collapse simulations

This paper reports on the microscopic calculation of ground and excited states Gamow-Teller (GT) strength distributions, both in the electron capture and electron decay direction, for $^{54,55,56}$Fe. The associated electron and positron capture rates for these isotopes of iron are also calculated in stellar matter. These calculations were recently introduced and this paper is a follow-up which discusses in detail the GT strength distributions and stellar capture rates of key iron isotopes. The calculations are performed within the framework of the proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) theory. The pn-QRPA theory allows a microscopic \textit{state-by-state} calculation of GT strength functions and stellar capture rates which greatly increases the reliability of the results. For the first time experimental deformation of nuclei are taken into account. In the core of massive stars isotopes of iron, $^{54,55,56}$Fe, are considered to be key players in decreasing the electron-to-baryon ratio ($Y_{e}$) mainly via electron capture on these nuclide. The structure of the presupernova star is altered both by the changes in $Y_{e}$ and the entropy of the core material. Results are encouraging and are compared against measurements (where possible) and other calculations. The calculated electron capture rates are in overall good agreement with the shell model results. During the presupernova evolution of massive stars, from oxygen shell burning stages till around end of convective core silicon burning, the calculated electron capture rates on $^{54}$Fe are around three times bigger than the corresponding shell model rates. The calculated positron capture rates, however, are suppressed by two to five orders of magnitude.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures, 10 table

WEATHER MODIFICATION

It is suggested that applying heat directly to a rain cloud, or to a ndoist air mass with rain potential, may alter the natural precipitation in a given geographical region. The immediate effect of the heat is to increase the buoyancy of the cloud or air parcel. The result, which depends on a number of interrelated factors may be either to cause precipitation where it would not naturally occur, or to suppress precipitation where it would naturally occur. Several possible applications are suggested. Since the heat supplied is supplemented by the latent heat resulting from condensation in the moist air mass, the results may more than justify the cost. However, substantial amounts of heat are involved. The heat can be supplied from fossil fuels, nuclear reactions, or a combination of both; but the logistics favor the use of large nuclear reactors wherever safety criteria can be met. Not only the efficiency and economics of the process, but also its feasibility, can be finally decided only on the basis of information that is not now available. (auth

Insomnia in adult patients with cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline

Sleep disturbance is a common problem in patients with cancer, regardless of cancer type, stage and phase of treatment. Sleep disorders can be identified using the criteria of the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases 11th edition (ICD-11) (updated chapter on ‘Sleep–wake disorders’), the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition – Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) third edition..