The AmiR/RNA interaction of the amidase operon regulatory system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Expression of the amidase operon of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is regulated by the AmiC and AmiR proteins using a version of the bacterial two-component signal transduction system. The negative regulator, AmiC is the amide ligand sensor and regulates activity of AmiR by a steric hindrance mechanism. AmiR, the response regulator functions as a transcription antitermination factor. Once released from the AmiC/AmiR complex, AmiR binds to the operon leader transcript to prevent formation of the rho-independent terminator thus allowing transcription of the entire operon. AmiR has a CheY-like N-terminal response regulator receiver domain without the conserved phosphate-acceptor residues and a long coiled-coil C-terminal domain terminating in a three-helix bundle ANTAR domain. Within this family are a number of highly conserved residues. These residues have been changed by site-directed mutagenesis and the mutants tested for antitermination activity by amidase assay. Random mutagenesis has also revealed key residues in this domain, changes which led to reduced antitermination efficacy. To define the minimal transcript length sufficient for AmiR antitermination, constructs have been made and analysed containing leader region mutations and deletions. The results show that the encoded leader ORF has no biological function and that sequences upstream of the previously defined L recognition region are not necessary for AmiR-dependent antitermination. The ANTAR domain has been expressed and purified as a cleavable, GST tagged fusion protein in E. coli. Dynamic light scattering data and gel filtration elution profiles of ANTAR suggests this domain is a dimer in solution. The ANTAR-RNA interaction was investigated in vitro using band shift assays. Radiolabeled in vitro transcribed ami leader RNA was incubated with the ANTAR protein under various buffer conditions. The mixtures were analysed by PAGE to monitor the formation of protein-RNA complexes. Amidase assays were also performed with the ANTAR domain for analysis of antitermination activity in vivo. These results show that the ANTAR domain alone is not sufficient for antitermination in vivo or binding to the RNA in vitro

Effects of iso-nitrogenous and iso-phosphorus fertilizers as nutrient sources on carp polyculture in Bangladesh

A 120 day long experiment was conducted to find out the effects of cow manure with urea and triple super phosphate (CUT), poultry manure with urea and triple super phosphate (PUT) and cow manure with poultry manure (CP) having similar quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus on pond productivity and fish yield. The stocking fish were rohu (Labeo rohita), catla ( Catla catla) and mrigal ( Cirrhinus mrigala) in each treatment pond at the rate of 10000/ha. All ponds were fertilized fortnightly at the rate of 4000 kg/ha cow manure with 62 kg/ha urea and 65 kg/ha TSP, 2700 kg/ha poultry manure with 62 kg/ha urea and 16 kg/ha TSP, and 4000kg/ha cow manure with 2700 kg/ha poultry manure for the treatment CUT, PUT and CP respectively. Each treatment contained an iso-nitrogen and iso-phosphorus of 56 kg and 46 kg respectively. Though the physico-chemical parameters were more or less similar in all ponds, the chlorophyll-a content and abundance of total plankton were significantly higher (P< 0.05) in the ponds receiving the fertilizer treatment of PUT than those of other treatments. Final growth as well as per unit production of fish of treatment PUT (1773 kg/ha) was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than that of treatment CP (1528 kg/ha) followed by that of treatment CUT (1336 kg/ha). The over all results showed that poultry manure with urea and triple super phosphate proved to be superior to cow manure with urea and triple super phosphate, and poultry manure with cow manure, even when nitrogen and phosphorus content was similar, in carp polyculture system under prevailing conditions

Impacts of Thai silver barb (Puntius gonionotus Bleeker) inclusion in the polyculture of carps

The impact of inclusion of Thai silver barb, Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker) in the polyculture with two major Indian carps viz., Labeo rohita, Catla catla and common carp Cyprinus carpio has been studied in seasonal ponds for 115 days. The presence of silver barb decreased the growth of Indian carps while increased that of common carp. A significantly higher (P<0.05) fish yield (1793.65 Kg/ha/yr) was observed in the four species polyculture system containing silver barb when the combined yield of all species was compared

Production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger using cane molasses in a stirred fermentor

The present investigation deals with the kinetics of submerged citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger using blackstrap molasses as the basal fermentation media. A laboratory scale stirred fermentor of 15-L capacity having working volume of 9-L was used for cultivation process and nutritional analysis. Among the 10 stock cultures of Aspergillus niger, the strain GCBT7 was found to enhance citric acid production. This strain was subjected to parametric studies. Major effects were caused due to oxygen tension (1.0 l/l/min), pH value (6.0) and incubation temperature (30ºC). All fermentations were carried out following the growth on 150 g/l raw molasses sugars for 144 hours. Ferrocyanide (200 ppm) was used to control the trace metals present in the molasses medium. Ammonium nitrate (0.2%) was added as nitrogen source. Maximum citric acid production (99.56 ± 3.5a g/l) was achieved by Aspergillus niger GCBT7. The dry cell mass and sugar consumption were 18.5 and 96.55 g/l, respectively. The mycelia were intermediate round pellets in their morphology. The specific productivity of GCBT7 (qp = 0.074 ± 0.02a g/g cells/h) was several folds higher than other strains. The specific production rate and growth coefficient revealed the hyperproducibility of citric acid using mutant GCBT7

Survey dataset on Muslim's religiosity, Muslim personality and work behavior

Data were collected from administration officers ranging from middle-management to top management of the five universities of Malaysia. The data was collected through a standardized and structured questionnaire. The variables of the study were religiosity, personality and work behavior of Muslims. Muslim work behavior construct formulated on the basis on collected data