Inferring the Provenance of an Alien Species with DNA Barcodes: The Neotropical Butterfly Dryas iulia in Thailand

The Neotropical butterfly Dryas iulia has been collected from several locations in Thailand and Malaysia since 2007, and has been observed breeding in the wild, using introduced Passiflora foetida as a larval host plant. The butterfly is bred by a butterfly house in Phuket, Thailand, for release at weddings and Buddhist ceremonies, and we hypothesized that this butterfly house was the source of wild, Thai individuals. We compared wing patterns and COI barcodes from two, wild Thai populations with individuals obtained from this butterfly house. All Thai individuals resemble the subspecies D. iulia modesta, and barcodes from wild and captive Thai specimens were identical. This unique, Thai barcode was not found in any of the 30 specimens sampled from the wild in the species\u27 native range, but is most similar to specimens from Costa Rica, where many exporting butterfly farms are located. These data implicate the butterfly house as the source of Thailand\u27s wild D. iulia populations, which are currently so widespread that eradication efforts are unlikely to be successful

A Study of The Relationship between Leadership Style and Knowledge Management in Pan-Asia International School

This study examined the relationship between leadership and knowledge management in Pan-Asia International School. The hypothesis of this study is that there is a significant relationship between leadership style and knowledge management. The study included a sample of 35 teachers from a population of 49 teachers in this International School. Questionnaires were used as the research instruments to collect the demographic profile and to measure leadership style and knowledge management. Therefore, the research design of this study is quantitative. Descriptive method was used to identify leadership style of administrators and knowledge management of school and Pearson’s Product Correlation method was used to examine the relation of leadership style and knowledge management. According to the major research findings of this study, the teachers from PAIS perceived that their administrators have high transformational leadership style and they tend to agree that they perceive school knowledge managements. Moreover, regarding the relationship between total average of two leadership styles and knowledge management, the research finding showed that transformational leadership style is positively and significantly related to the knowledge management (p < 0.05)

Inferring the Provenance of an Alien Species with DNA Barcodes: The Neotropical Butterfly <i>Dryas iulia</i> in Thailand

<div><p>The Neotropical butterfly <i>Dryas iulia</i> has been collected from several locations in Thailand and Malaysia since 2007, and has been observed breeding in the wild, using introduced <i>Passiflora foetida</i> as a larval host plant. The butterfly is bred by a butterfly house in Phuket, Thailand, for release at weddings and Buddhist ceremonies, and we hypothesized that this butterfly house was the source of wild, Thai individuals. We compared wing patterns and COI barcodes from two, wild Thai populations with individuals obtained from this butterfly house. All Thai individuals resemble the subspecies <i>D. iulia modesta</i>, and barcodes from wild and captive Thai specimens were identical. This unique, Thai barcode was not found in any of the 30 specimens sampled from the wild in the species' native range, but is most similar to specimens from Costa Rica, where many exporting butterfly farms are located. These data implicate the butterfly house as the source of Thailand's wild <i>D. iulia</i> populations, which are currently so widespread that eradication efforts are unlikely to be successful.</p></div

Relationships among <i>Dryas iulia</i> showing that wild-caught, Thai specimens have identical barcodes with specimens from the Phuket Butterfly Garden and no other samples collected in Central America and the Caribbean.

<p>a) Most parsimonious haplotype network of <i>D. iulia</i> constructed with 95% connection limit. The size of each circle is proportional to the number of specimens sharing that haplotype; the smallest circles represent a single haplotype and the largest, sixteen. The colors of the pie charts indicate proportional representation of the provenance of samples with that haplotype. Separation by a line indicates a single base pair difference between haplotypes; crosses represent haplotypes that would be 1 bp different than adjacent haplotypes, but were not sampled in this study. b) maximum likelihood bootstrap consensus tree of COI haplotypes from <i>D. iulia</i> and one outgroup. Codes refer to GenBank Accession Numbers and colors denote provenance of specimen collection. Numbers near selected nodes indicate refer to the following branch support values (maximum likelihood bootstrap support, Bayes posterior probability, parsimony bootstrap support, respectively):  = 40, –, –;  = 27, 0.62, –;  = 20, –, –;  = 27, 0.75, –;  = 31, 0.98, –;  = 26, 0.69, –;  = 100, 1, 100;  = 100, 1, 100.</p