Text Message Service of Process - No LOL Matter: Does Text Message Service of Process Comport with Due Process?

U.S. courts have been slow to embrace new technologies. This is especially true when it comes to service of process. With people in the United States relying heavily on cell phones and text message technology, text messages offer a unique method for serving process. Text messages would be useful for serving a defendant when the defendant cannot be located. Further, text messages are sent almost instantaneously and are inexpensive. In addition, unlike e-mail, text messages do not require Internet access. Given these advantages, this Note examines whether text message service of process is constitutional. It argues that text message service of process is not per se unconstitutional. Nevertheless, the current technological limitations of text messages counsel against using text messages to serve process at this time. Assuming that these limitations are ultimately fixed, this Note then proposes a legal framework for permitting text message service of process

12(b) What? \u3cem\u3eSlater\u3c/em\u3e and Enforcing Forum Selection Clauses Through Dismissal

On March 8, 2011, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held in Slater v. Energy Services Group International, Inc. that Rule 12(b)(3) governs motions to dismiss under a forum selection clause, whereas 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a) governs motions to transfer under a forum selection clause. In doing so, the Eleventh Circuit further weighed in on the disagreement among the circuit courts of appeal over the proper mechanism to enforce a forum selection clause through dismissal. This Comment argues that although the Eleventh Circuit’s holding in Slater is inconsistent with the Supreme Court’s holding in Stewart Organization, Inc. v. Ricoh Corp., the holding furthers sentiments implicit in the Supreme Court’s holding and furthers principles behind forum selection clauses more broadly

Het publiek(e) in (on)veilige tijden.

Maurice Specht heeft gestudeerd aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam, alwaar hij via de politicologie en de wetenschapsdynamica uiteindelijk bij filosofie is terechtgekomen. Daar in 2004 cum laude afgestudeerd op een scriptie getiteld 'Preventief denken. Naar een politieke analyse van de hedendaagse veiligheidsproblematiek'. Sindsdien op zoek naar een onderzoeksplaats om het daarin begonnen onderzoek zowel filosofisch als praktisch verder uit te werken.Vertrekpunt van mijn bijdrage is de constatering dat vandaag de dag de publieke ruimte vooral via het begrip (on)veiligheid geproblematiseerd wordt. Ik zal proberen te laten zien hoe de door Boutellier geanalyseerde overgang van een criminaliteitsvraagstuk naar een veiligheidsprobleem tot gevolg heeft dat aan de ene kant de ruimte waarin het publiek zich moet bewegen geproblematiseerd wordt, maar belangrijker nog, dat de betekenis van het publiek(e) verandert. De problematisering van de openbare ruimte via (on)veiligheid stelt andere eisen aan de individuen die zich als burgers in de publieke ruimte bevinden. De (ver)houdingen tot zichzelf en de ander komen ter discussie te staan. Om deze veranderingen in beeld te brengen zal ik gebruik maken van het werk van Foucault omtrent governmentality. Door vanuit deze optiek hedendaagse praktijken rond veiligheid te analyseren kunnen we een beeld krijgen van wat het publiek(e) in (on)veilige tijden kan betekenen. Zij helpt ons te begrijpen waarom bepaald publiek (gedrag) als gewenst, mogelijk of zelfs natuurlijk wordt beschouwd

Calculating the Fine Structure of a Fabry-Perot Resonator using Spheroidal Wave Functions

A new set of vector solutions to Maxwell's equations based on solutions to the wave equation in spheroidal coordinates allows laser beams to be described beyond the paraxial approximation. Using these solutions allows us to calculate the complete first-order corrections in the short-wavelength limit to eigenmodes and eigenfrequencies in a Fabry-Perot resonator with perfectly conducting mirrors. Experimentally relevant effects are predicted. Modes which are degenerate according to the paraxial approximation are split according to their total angular momentum. This includes a splitting due to coupling between orbital angular momentum and spin angular momentum

Mariposas em parreirais na região da Serra Gaúcha e informações sobre espécies com potencial para perfurar frutos.

Esta Circular Técnica apresenta informações sobre as mariposas registradas nos parreirais, bem como suas características morfológicas e biológicas, visando orientar técnicos e produtores quanto ao manejo que pode ser adotado nas áreas com presença desses insetos.bitstream/item/62488/1/cir089.pd

A nanoflare model for active region radiance: application of artificial neural networks

Context. Nanoflares are small impulsive bursts of energy that blend with and possibly make up much of the solar background emission. Determining their frequency and energy input is central to understanding the heating of the solar corona. One method is to extrapolate the energy frequency distribution of larger individually observed flares to lower energies. Only if the power law exponent is greater than 2, is it considered possible that nanoflares contribute significantly to the energy input. Aims. Time sequences of ultraviolet line radiances observed in the corona of an active region are modelled with the aim of determining the power law exponent of the nanoflare energy distribution. Methods. A simple nanoflare model based on three key parameters (the flare rate, the flare duration time, and the power law exponent of the flare energy frequency distribution) is used to simulate emission line radiances from the ions Fe XIX, Ca XIII, and Si iii, observed by SUMER in the corona of an active region as it rotates around the east limb of the Sun. Light curve pattern recognition by an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) scheme is used to determine the values. Results. The power law exponents, alpha 2.8, 2.8, and 2.6 for Fe XIX, Ca XIII, and Si iii respectively. Conclusions. The light curve simulations imply a power law exponent greater than the critical value of 2 for all ion species. This implies that if the energy of flare-like events is extrapolated to low energies, nanoflares could provide a significant contribution to the heating of active region coronae.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Immature stages of Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: noctuidae): developmental parameters and host plants.

This study aimed to detail the temporal and morphological parameters of the immature stages of southern armyworm Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) with larvae feed on artificial diet, under controlled conditions (25?±?1°C, 70?±?10% relative humidity and 14-h photophase) and gather information about their larval host plants. The viability of the egg, larval, pupal, and prepupal stages was 97.82, 93.62, 96.42, and 97.03%, respectively. The average duration of the egg, larval, pupal, and pre-pupal stages was 4.00, 16.18, 1.58, and 9.17 d, respectively. During the larval stage, 43.44% of females passed through seven instars, observing that the female's development was significant slower than males. The female larvae that developed through six and seven instars exhibited a mean growth rate of 1.52 and 1.44, respectively. Female pupae were significantly larger, exhibiting faster development than males. The rearing method proved to be adequate, providing more detailed observations of the biological cycle, especially at the larval stage, and resulting in an overall survival of almost 85%. Two hundred two plant species belonging to 58 families are listed as natural hosts for S. eridania, mainly including Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Poaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Malvaceae

The Septuagint vs. The Masoretic Text … A Statistical Perspective

Introduction (Background): This paper continues the discussion on whether the Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX) more accurately preserves the original chronology of the patriarchs. For context, the LXX indicates we are approximately 7,500 years Anno Mundi (year after creation or AM) while the MT indicates we are approximately 6,000 years AM. This paper focuses on post flood chronology (Noah to Moses) due to the opportunity to use the concept of biological decay curves and statistical comparison. Additional chronologies or historical data points are provided for additional insight. Methods: Assuming the concept of a genetic biological decay curve in the post flood chronology (length of patriarch’s life) is legitimate, both the MT and LXX chronologies are used with Microsoft Excel curve fitting to data function to generate power curves that best fit their respective data. A statistical approach using the R-squared coefficient of determination (a confidence measure of data to curve) for both the MT and LXX should provide an indication which text more accurately captures the concept of post flood biological genetic decay and hence which text more accurately preserves the original chronology. This indication may also be supported by Benford’s law of anomalous numbers, and visual comparison to provide additional context on the legitimacy of the R-squared comparative results. Macro comparison of chronologies alluded to in various other text and flood stories (preferably separate from Greek and Hebrew influence) are examined for additional insight providing they cluster around LXX or MT chronological data points. Results: The R-Squared comparison shows that the MT curve has a 7% higher confidence measure of data to curve as compared to the LXX. Visual inspection of the curves identifies anomalous deltas (LXX vs MT lifespan) consistent with a lower R-square confidence measure. Macro comparison of chronologies from various other historical texts does show a clustering of chronology data points that inclines toward the MT. Conclusions: The statistical comparison and analysis suggest that the Masoretic Text may contain the more accurate preservation of the original chronology of the patriarchs. Examination of others chronologies supports the statistical results

Benchmarking Treatment Response in Tourette’s Disorder: A Psychometric Evaluation and Signal Detection Analysis of the Parent Tic Questionnaire

This study assessed the psychometric properties of a parent-reported tic severity measure, the Parent Tic Questionnaire (PTQ), and used the scale to establish guidelines for delineating clinically significant tic treatment response. Participants were 126 children ages 9 to 17 who participated in a randomized controlled trial of Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT). Tic severity was assessed using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), Hopkins Motor/Vocal Tic Scale (HMVTS) and PTQ; positive treatment response was defined by a score of 1 (very much improved) or 2 (much improved) on the Clinical Global Impressions – Improvement (CGI-I) scale. Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlations (ICC) assessed internal consistency and test-retest reliability, with correlations evaluating validity. Receiver- and Quality-Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses assessed the efficiency of percent and raw-reduction cutoffs associated with positive treatment response. The PTQ demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.80 to 0.86), excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = .84 to .89), good convergent validity with the YGTSS and HM/VTS, and good discriminant validity from hyperactive, obsessive-compulsive, and externalizing (i.e., aggression and rule-breaking) symptoms. A 55% reduction and 10-point decrease in PTQ Total score were optimal for defining positive treatment response. Findings help standardize tic assessment and provide clinicians with greater clarity in determining clinically meaningful tic symptom change during treatment